如何在Android中使用片段_Android_Android Fragments

如何在Android中使用片段

android android-fragments

如何在Android中使用片段,android,android-fragments,Android,Android Fragments,编辑：：：请参考我下面的答案问题: 我对在Android中使用片段非常陌生，我完全搞砸了我只是尝试构建一个使用片段的简单示例应用程序。我的场景是，我的主要活动中有两个片段。第一个片段有一个edittext和一个按钮。第二个片段有一个textview。当我在edittext中输入名称并单击按钮时，第二个片段中的textview应该显示在第一个片段的edittext中输入的名称我正在使用片段的静态分配（以XML分配片段）请参考下面的XML文件和代码 activity_main.XML <

编辑：：：请参考我下面的答案

问题:

我对在Android中使用片段非常陌生，我完全搞砸了

我只是尝试构建一个使用片段的简单示例应用程序。我的场景是，我的主要活动中有两个片段。第一个片段有一个edittext和一个按钮。第二个片段有一个textview。当我在edittext中输入名称并单击按钮时，第二个片段中的textview应该显示在第一个片段的edittext中输入的名称

我正在使用片段的静态分配（以XML分配片段）

请参考下面的XML文件和代码

activity_main.XML

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent" >

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/fragment_content_1"
        android:name="com.example.fragmentexample.fragment_fragment_1"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="fill_parent" >
    </fragment>

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/fragment_content_2"
        android:name="com.example.fragmentexample.fragment_fragment_2"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="fill_parent" >

        <!-- Preview: layout=@layout/fragment_basic -->
    </fragment>

</LinearLayout>

Fragment_1.Java

public class Fragment_1 extends Fragment{

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
            Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub      

        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_fragment_1, container, false);

        final EditText edtxtPersonName_Fragment = (EditText) view.findViewById(R.id.edtxtPersonName);
        Button btnSayHi_Fragment = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.btnSayHi);

        btnSayHi_Fragment.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub

                String name = edtxtPersonName_Fragment.getText().toString();

                FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
                Fragment_2 f2 = (Fragment_2) fm.findFragmentById(R.id.fragment_content_2);

                if(f2 != null && f2.isInLayout())
                {
                    f2.setName(name);
                }

                Activity activity = getActivity();

                if(activity != null)
                {
                    Toast.makeText(activity, "Say&ing Hi in Progress...", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                }
            }
        });

        return view;


    }

}

Fragment_2.Java

public class Fragment_2 extends Fragment{

    View view;

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
            Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

        view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_fragment_2, container, false);        
        return view;
    }

    public void setName(String name)
    {
        TextView txtName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.txtViewResult);
        txtName.setText("Hi " + name);
    }

}

当我运行应用程序时，会出现很多异常。。这是日志跟踪

04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420): FATAL EXCEPTION: main
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420): java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{com.example.fragmentexample/com.example.fragmentexample.MainActivity}: android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #5: Error inflating class fragment
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1815)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1831)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at android.app.ActivityThread.access$500(ActivityThread.java:122)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1024)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:132)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:4123)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:491)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:841)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:599)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420): Caused by: android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #5: Error inflating class fragment
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at android.view.LayoutInflater.createViewFromTag(LayoutInflater.java:688)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at android.view.LayoutInflater.rInflate(LayoutInflater.java:724)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:479)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:391)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:347)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow.setContentView(PhoneWindow.java:223)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at android.app.Activity.setContentView(Activity.java:1786)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at com.example.fragmentexample.MainActivity.onCreate(MainActivity.java:12)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:4397)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1048)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1779)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  ... 11 more
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420): Caused by: android.app.Fragment$InstantiationException: Unable to instantiate fragment com.example.fragmentexample.fragment_fragment_1: make sure class name exists, is public, and has an empty constructor that is public
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at android.app.Fragment.instantiate(Fragment.java:567)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at android.app.Fragment.instantiate(Fragment.java:535)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at android.app.Activity.onCreateView(Activity.java:4168)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at android.view.LayoutInflater.createViewFromTag(LayoutInflater.java:664)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  ... 21 more
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420): Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.example.fragmentexample.fragment_fragment_1 in loader dalvik.system.PathClassLoader[/data/app/com.example.fragmentexample-1.apk]
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at dalvik.system.PathClassLoader.findClass(PathClassLoader.java:251)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:540)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:500)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  at android.app.Fragment.instantiate(Fragment.java:557)
04-16 15:06:48.781: E/AndroidRuntime(420):  ... 24 more

我已经看到了一些关于如何做的例子，但无法理解。请指出我做错的地方，并请张贴正确的方法

非常感谢您抽出时间

编辑：：：

我已将MainActivity.java更改为扩展FragmentActivity而不是Activity，还将Activity_main.xml中的android:name值更改为指向java文件而不是片段

我得到以下例外情况：：：

04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563): FATAL EXCEPTION: main
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563): java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{com.example.fragmentexample/com.example.fragmentexample.MainActivity}: android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #5: Error inflating class fragment
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563):  at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1815)
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563):  at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1831)
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563):  at android.app.ActivityThread.access$500(ActivityThread.java:122)
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563):  at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1024)
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563):  at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563):  at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:132)
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563):  at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:4123)
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563):  at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563):  at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:491)
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563):  at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:841)
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563):  at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:599)
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563):  at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563): Caused by: android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #5: Error inflating class fragment
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563):  at android.view.LayoutInflater.createViewFromTag(LayoutInflater.java:688)
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563):  at android.view.LayoutInflater.rInflate(LayoutInflater.java:724)
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563):  at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:479)
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563):  at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:391)
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563):  at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:347)
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563):  at com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow.setContentView(PhoneWindow.java:223)
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563):  at android.app.Activity.setContentView(Activity.java:1786)
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563):  at com.example.fragmentexample.MainActivity.onCreate(MainActivity.java:13)
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563):  at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:4397)
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563):  at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1048)
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563):  at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1779)
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563):  ... 11 more
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563): Caused by: java.lang.ClassCastException: com.example.fragmentexample.Fragment_1 cannot be cast to android.support.v4.app.Fragment
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563):  at android.support.v4.app.Fragment.instantiate(Fragment.java:394)
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563):  at android.support.v4.app.Fragment.instantiate(Fragment.java:369)
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563):  at android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity.onCreateView(FragmentActivity.java:272)
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563):  at android.view.LayoutInflater.createViewFromTag(LayoutInflater.java:660)
04-16 15:29:43.821: E/AndroidRuntime(563):  ... 21 more

下面是修改后的activity_main.XML的XML文件

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent" >

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/fragment_content_1"
        android:name="com.example.fragmentexample.Fragment_1"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="fill_parent" >
    </fragment>

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/fragment_content_2"
        android:name="com.example.fragmentexample.Fragment_2"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="fill_parent" >

        <!-- Preview: layout=@layout/fragment_basic -->
    </fragment>

</LinearLayout>

您需要向片段中添加一个空的公共构造函数，如堆栈跟踪中所述：

public class Fragment_2 extends Fragment{

    public Frament_2() {
        //BLAH!
    }

    // The rest of your code

}

请按如下方式编辑您的activity_main.XML

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  android:layout_width="fill_parent"
  android:layout_height="fill_parent" >

<fragment
    android:id="@+id/fragment_content_1"
    android:name="com.example.fragmentexample.fragment_fragment_1"
    class="com.example.fragmentexample.fragment_fragment_1"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent" >
</fragment>

<fragment
    android:id="@+id/fragment_content_2"
    android:name="com.example.fragmentexample.fragment_fragment_2"
    class="com.example.fragmentexample.fragment_fragment_2"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent" >

    <!-- Preview: layout=@layout/fragment_basic -->
</fragment>
</LinearLayout>

好的。。。终于找到了解决办法。也许，这并没有什么变化

查看下面的代码

活动\u main.XML

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent" >

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/fragment_content_1"
        android:name="com.example.fragmentexample.Fragment_1"
        android:layout_width="0dip"
        android:layout_weight="0.50"
        android:layout_height="fill_parent" >
    </fragment>

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/fragment_content_2"
        android:name="com.example.fragmentexample.Fragment_2"
        android:layout_width="0dip"
        android:layout_weight="0.50"
        android:layout_height="fill_parent" >

        <!-- Preview: layout=@layout/fragment_basic -->
    </fragment>

</LinearLayout>

Fragment_2.Java

public class Fragment_1 extends Fragment{

        @Override
        public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub      

            View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_fragment_1, container, false);

            final EditText edtxtPersonName_Fragment = (EditText) view.findViewById(R.id.edtxtPersonName);
            Button btnSayHi_Fragment = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.btnSayHi);

            btnSayHi_Fragment.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

                @Override
                public void onClick(View v) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated method stub

                    String name = edtxtPersonName_Fragment.getText().toString();

                    FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
                    Fragment_2 f2 = (Fragment_2) fm.findFragmentById(R.id.fragment_content_2);

                    if(f2 != null && f2.isInLayout())
                    {
                        f2.setName(name);
                    }

                    Activity activity = getActivity();

                    if(activity != null)
                    {
                        Toast.makeText(activity, "Say&ing Hi in Progress...", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                    }
                }
            });

            return view;


        }

    }

public class Fragment_2 extends Fragment{

    View view;

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
            Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

        view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_fragment_2, container, false);        
        return view;
    }

    public void setName(String name)
    {
        TextView txtName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.txtViewResult);
        txtName.setText("Hi " + name);
    }

}

这是截图…

这是两个片段之间通信的经典案例。
但是让我们先来讨论一些基本的事情

片段的骨架

FirstFragment fragmne1 = FirstFragment.getInstance();
SecondFragment fragmne1 = SecondFragment.getInstance();

第一片段

编辑文本
钮扣

第二片段

文本视图

如何创建片段实例

FirstFragment fragmne1 = FirstFragment.getInstance();
SecondFragment fragmne1 = SecondFragment.getInstance();

如何将它们添加到活动中？

getSupportFragmentManager()
         .beginTransaction()
         .add(R.id.placeholder1,fragment1,"TAG1")
         .add(R.id.placeholder2,fragment2,"TAG2")
         .commit();

现在是沟通部分 创建一个界面

public interface FragmentListener{
     public void buttonClicked();
}

在活动中实现此接口并覆盖该方法

public MyActivity extends AppcompatActivity implements MyFragmentListener{

     @Override
     public void buttonClicked(){
          fragment2.showMessage(String msg);
     }

}

从片段发送数据

在第一个片段中初始化侦听器

单击按钮时调用接口方法

FirstFragment的最终结构

请参阅。我添加了构造函数。例外情况没有变化。。。我得到了相同的异常来添加构造函数，请参见。。我刚刚注意到，您不需要扩展FragmentActivity来显示片段吗？将其更改为FragmentActivity，更新了问题，请注意，FragmentActivity仅在我们使用片段支持库时才进行扩展。否则，扩展活动就可以了。刚学会这个！！隐马尔可夫模型。。。这是有道理的。我一直使用支持库，所以我想这就是为什么我不知道的原因！很高兴知道您找到了解决方案。但是元素

片段

不是一个

空标记吗？我还想知道它在你们的情况下是如何工作的，我只是复制粘贴了你们的全部代码，但我仍然会遇到这些错误。我对片段的定义有点困惑？即使是从主站点阅读，我也不了解关于片段的任何内容。你能用一种非常简单的方式定义什么是片段吗？
FirstFragment fragmne1 = FirstFragment.getInstance();
SecondFragment fragmne1 = SecondFragment.getInstance();

getSupportFragmentManager()
         .beginTransaction()
         .add(R.id.placeholder1,fragment1,"TAG1")
         .add(R.id.placeholder2,fragment2,"TAG2")
         .commit();

public interface FragmentListener{
     public void buttonClicked();
}

public MyActivity extends AppcompatActivity implements MyFragmentListener{

     @Override
     public void buttonClicked(){
          fragment2.showMessage(String msg);
     }

}

public class FirstFragment extends Fragment{

      private EditText editext;
      private Button button;
      private MyFragmentListener listener;

      public static FirstFragment getInstance(){  
           return new FirstFragment();
      }

      public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup parent, Bundle bundle){
           View view = inflater.inflate(R.Layout.fragment1,parent,false);
           editext = (EditText)view.findViewById(R.id.editText)
           button = (Button)view.findViewById(R.id.button)

           // button click method 
           listener.buttonClicked(editText.getText().toString());

           return view;               

      }

      @Override 
      public void onAttach(Context context){
           listener = (MyFragmentListener)context;
      }

}