Android 具有碎片场景的仪器测试

我正在尝试将androidx测试库的新片段场景API用于本地测试和仪器测试（androidTest）。api在本地环境中运行良好，但在仪器测试中，它会产生错误： java.lang.AssertionError:Activity从不成为请求状态“[已恢复，已销毁]”（last lifecycle transition=“PRE_ON_CREATE”）“

帮助我进行仪器测试（androidTest）

请检查完整的错误详细信息：

java.lang.AssertionError: Activity never becomes requested state "[RESUMED, DESTROYED]" (last lifecycle transition = "PRE_ON_CREATE")
at androidx.test.core.app.ActivityScenario.waitForActivityToBecomeAnyOf(ActivityScenario.java:228)
at androidx.test.core.app.ActivityScenario.launch(ActivityScenario.java:198)
at androidx.fragment.app.testing.FragmentScenario.internalLaunch(FragmentScenario.java:169)
at androidx.fragment.app.testing.FragmentScenario.launchInContainer(FragmentScenario.java:160)
at com.techzis.avatr.LoginFragmentTest1.dummyTest(LoginFragmentTest1.kt:26)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4.run(AndroidJUnit4.java:104)
at org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Suite.java:128)
at org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Suite.java:27)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:115)
at androidx.test.internal.runner.TestExecutor.execute(TestExecutor.java:56)
at androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner.onStart(AndroidJUnitRunner.java:388)
at android.app.Instrumentation$InstrumentationThread.run(Instrumentation.java:2152)

仪器测试（androidTest）代码为：

---

我认为ActivityScenario的

启动（Intent startActivityIntent）

方法有一个限制。它只希望活动恢复或销毁，如果不在4.5秒内，则抛出该错误

在活动场景的

public static ActivityScenario launch（Intent startactivitycontent）

中，检查逻辑

Scenario.waitForActivityToBecomeAnyOf（State.resume，State.destromed）；

---

编辑此问题已得到修复。

在我的案例中，启动片段的活动EmptyFragmentScenario无法打开，因为

Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Didn't find class androidx.fragment.app.testing.FragmentScenario$EmptyFragmentActivity

请参阅完整的堆栈跟踪：

2018-12-12 02:12:46.529 32659-32659/? E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
    Process: app.debug.test, PID: 32659
    java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate activity ComponentInfo{app.debug.test/androidx.fragment.app.testing.FragmentScenario$EmptyFragmentActivity}: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Didn't find class "androidx.fragment.app.testing.FragmentScenario$EmptyFragmentActivity" on path: DexPathList[[zip file "/system/framework/android.test.mock.jar", zip file "/system/framework/android.test.runner.jar", zip file "/data/app/app.debug.test-HdSyMEsvYzlt1aceQIeIuw==/base.apk"],nativeLibraryDirectories=[/data/app/app.test-HdSyMEsvYzlt1aceQIeIuw==/lib/arm64, /system/lib64, /vendor/lib64]]
        at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2843)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:3048)
        at android.app.servertransaction.LaunchActivityItem.execute(LaunchActivityItem.java:78)
        at android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.executeCallbacks(TransactionExecutor.java:108)
        at android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.execute(TransactionExecutor.java:68)
        at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1808)
        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:106)
        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:193)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6669)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
        at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:493)
        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:858)
     Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Didn't find class "androidx.fragment.app.testing.FragmentScenario$EmptyFragmentActivity" on path: DexPathList[[zip file "/system/framework/android.test.mock.jar", zip file "/system/framework/android.test.runner.jar", zip file "/data/app/app.debug.test-HdSyMEsvYzlt1aceQIeIuw==/base.apk"],nativeLibraryDirectories=[/data/app/app.debug.test-HdSyMEsvYzlt1aceQIeIuw==/lib/arm64, /system/lib64, /vendor/lib64]]
        at dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader.findClass(BaseDexClassLoader.java:134)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:379)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:312)
        at android.app.AppComponentFactory.instantiateActivity(AppComponentFactory.java:69)
        at android.app.Instrumentation.newActivity(Instrumentation.java:1215)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2831)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:3048) 
        at android.app.servertransaction.LaunchActivityItem.execute(LaunchActivityItem.java:78) 
        at android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.executeCallbacks(TransactionExecutor.java:108) 
        at android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.execute(TransactionExecutor.java:68) 
        at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1808) 
        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:106) 
        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:193) 
        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6669) 
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method) 
        at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:493) 
        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:858) 
        Suppressed: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Failed resolution of: Landroidx/fragment/app/FragmentActivity;
        at java.lang.VMClassLoader.findLoadedClass(Native Method)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.findLoadedClass(ClassLoader.java:738)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:363)
                ... 15 more
     Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Didn't find class "androidx.fragment.app.FragmentActivity" on path: DexPathList[[zip file "/system/framework/android.test.mock.jar", zip file "/system/framework/android.test.runner.jar", zip file "/data/app/app.debug.test-HdSyMEsvYzlt1aceQIeIuw==/base.apk"],nativeLibraryDirectories=[/data/app/app.debug.test-HdSyMEsvYzlt1aceQIeIuw==/lib/arm64, /system/lib64, /vendor/lib64]]
        at dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader.findClass(BaseDexClassLoader.java:134)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:379)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:312)
                ... 18 more

我找不到在运行时包含EmptyFragmentActivity所需的正确依赖项，因此我的临时解决方法是不使用

launchFragmentInContainer

，而是启动我自己的活动：

我的测试活动：

class TestFragmentActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
  override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
  }

  fun replaceFragment(fragment: Fragment) {
    supportFragmentManager
        .beginTransaction()
        .replace(android.R.id.content, fragment)
        .commit()
  }
}

我的测试：

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
class MyFragmentAndroidTest {

  @get:Rule val activityRule: ActivityTestRule<TestFragmentActivity> =
      ActivityTestRule(TestFragmentActivity::class.java)

  @Test
  fun test() {
    activityRule.activity.replaceFragment(MyFragment.newInstance())

    onView(withId(R.id.title)).check(matches(withText("Title"))))
    // More assertions.
  }
}

@RunWith（AndroidJUnit4:：class）
类MyFragmentAndroidTest{
@get:Rule val activityRule:ActivityTestRule=
ActivityTestRule（TestFragmentActivity:：class.java）
@试验
趣味测试（）{
activityRule.activity.replaceFragment（MyFragment.newInstance（））
onView（带id（R.id.title））。检查（匹配（带文本（“title”）））
//更多的断言。
}
}

您需要将“片段测试”依赖项添加到正在测试的APK，而不是测试APK

因此，请将build.gradle更新为

debugImplementation "androidx.fragment:fragment-testing:$fragment_version"

从

（这是由于FragmentScenario的实现细节。“FragmentTesting”声明活动，并由FragmentScenario使用。在测试APK中声明的活动在与测试中的APK不同的流程中运行。为了在同一流程中执行fragment的代码，您需要将“FragmentTesting”库放在您的APK中，而不是放在测试APK中。）

---

这里还有一个开发者网站。

可能重复/相似之处你找到过解决方案吗？@JorgeGil

ActivityScenario

替换

片段场景

？没有，但错误与ActivityScenario有关。它们不同，一个不能替换另一个。如果我没有

replaceFragment（）

在我的活动中？有趣的解决方法，但在我的例子中，它表示

RuntimeException:无法解析以下活动的活动：Intent{act=android.Intent.action.MAIN flg=0x14000000 cmp=x.x.x.x/x.x.x.x.x.x.TestFragmentActivity}

对于未来的用户，更新我的gradle以符合此答案可能会导致我的所有测试实现返回“测试运行失败：由于“进程崩溃”而导致检测运行失败”。我建议在更新gradle后，确保此更新没有破坏所有测试。

class TestFragmentActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
  override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
  }

  fun replaceFragment(fragment: Fragment) {
    supportFragmentManager
        .beginTransaction()
        .replace(android.R.id.content, fragment)
        .commit()
  }
}

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
class MyFragmentAndroidTest {

  @get:Rule val activityRule: ActivityTestRule<TestFragmentActivity> =
      ActivityTestRule(TestFragmentActivity::class.java)

  @Test
  fun test() {
    activityRule.activity.replaceFragment(MyFragment.newInstance())

    onView(withId(R.id.title)).check(matches(withText("Title"))))
    // More assertions.
  }
}

debugImplementation "androidx.fragment:fragment-testing:$fragment_version"

androidTestImplementation "androidx.fragment:fragment-testing:$fragment_version"