Arrays 使用函数输出中的引用值初始化bash数组最安全的方法是什么？

我更喜欢将bash脚本编程为尽可能程序化的脚本。我在尝试这样做时遇到的一个困难是在函数之间传递数组数据，这是bash中不支持的任务

例如，在bash中用多个硬编码、带引号的值初始化一个数组非常简单，每个值可能包含多个单词：

declare -a LINES=( "Hello there" "loyal user" )
echo "Line 0: '${LINES[0]}'"
echo "Line 1: '${LINES[1]}'"
# Line 0: 'Hello there'
# Line 1: 'Loyal user'

但是，用函数的输出替换这些硬编码值似乎效果不太好：

getLines() {
    echo "\"Hello there\" \"loyal user\""
}

local LINE_STR=$( getLines )
declare -a LINES=( ${LINE_STR} )
echo "Line 0: '${LINES[0]}'"
echo "Line 1: '${LINES[1]}'"
# Line 0: '"Hello'
# Line 1: 'there"'

为了克服这个问题，我尝试了几乎所有允许bash语句的排列。“评估”似乎是一种行之有效的方法：

local LINE_STR=$( getLines )
eval declare -a LINES=( ${LINE_STR} )
echo "Line 0: '${LINES[0]}'"
echo "Line 1: '${LINES[1]}'"
# Line 0: 'Hello there'
# Line 1: 'loyal user'

但是，这种方法涉及到安全问题，如下所示：

emulateUnsafeInput() {
    echo "\"\`whoami\` just got haxxored\" \"Hahaha!\""
}

local LINE_STR=$( emulateUnsafeInput )
eval declare -a LINES=( "${LINE_STR}" )
echo "Line 0: '${LINES[0]}'"
echo "Line 1: '${LINES[1]}'"
# Line 0: 'root just got haxxored'
# Line 1: 'Hahaha!'

“read-a”似乎是一个可能的解决方案，尽管这是一个有问题的解决方案，因为当数据通过管道传输到子shell中时，“read”将在子shell中运行，从而有效地将其变量堆栈与调用脚本的变量堆栈分离

< >我应该考虑什么样的解决方案来缓解“EVE”方法的安全性问题？我包含了以下脚本，演示了我尝试过的无数方法：

#!/bin/bash

getLines() {
    echo "\"Hello there\" \"loyal user\""
}

emulateUnsafeInput() {
    echo "\"\`whoami\` just got haxxored\" \"Hahaha!\""
}

execute() {
(
    echo Test 01
    declare -a LINES=( "Hello there" "loyal user" )
    echo "Line 0: '${LINES[0]}'"
    echo "Line 1: '${LINES[1]}'"
    # Line 0: 'Hello there'
    # Line 1: 'loyal user'
);(
    echo Test 02
    local LINE_STR=$( getLines )
    declare -a LINES=( ${LINE_STR} )
    echo "Line 0: '${LINES[0]}'"
    echo "Line 1: '${LINES[1]}'"
    # Line 0: '"Hello'
    # Line 1: 'there"'
);(
    echo Test 03
    local LINE_STR=$( getLines )
    declare -a LINES=( "${LINE_STR}" )
    echo "Line 0: '${LINES[0]}'"
    echo "Line 1: '${LINES[1]}'"
    # Line 0: '"Hello there" "loyal user"'
    # Line 1: ''
);(
    echo Test 04
    local LINE_STR=$( getLines )
    eval declare -a LINES=( ${LINE_STR} )
    echo "Line 0: '${LINES[0]}'"
    echo "Line 1: '${LINES[1]}'"
    # Line 0: 'Hello there'
    # Line 1: 'loyal user'
);(
    echo Test 05
    local LINE_STR=$( getLines )
    eval declare -a LINES=( "${LINE_STR}" )
    echo "Line 0: '${LINES[0]}'"
    echo "Line 1: '${LINES[1]}'"
    # Line 0: 'Hello there'
    # Line 1: 'loyal user'
);(
    echo Test 06
    local LINE_STR=$( getLines )
    declare -a LINES=( $( echo ${LINE_STR} ) )
    echo "Line 0: '${LINES[0]}'"
    echo "Line 1: '${LINES[1]}'"
    # Line 0: '"Hello'
    # Line 1: 'there"'
);(
    echo Test 07
    local LINE_STR=$( getLines )
    declare -a LINES=( $( echo "${LINE_STR}" ) )
    echo "Line 0: '${LINES[0]}'"
    echo "Line 1: '${LINES[1]}'"
    # Line 0: '"Hello'
    # Line 1: 'there"'
);(
    echo Test 08
    local LINE_STR=$( getLines )
    declare -a LINES=( $( eval echo ${LINE_STR} ) )
    echo "Line 0: '${LINES[0]}'"
    echo "Line 1: '${LINES[1]}'"
    # Line 0: 'Hello'
    # Line 1: 'there'
);(
    echo Test 09
    local LINE_STR=$( getLines )
    declare -a LINES=( $( eval echo "${LINE_STR}" ) )
    echo "Line 0: '${LINES[0]}'"
    echo "Line 1: '${LINES[1]}'"
    # Line 0: 'Hello'
    # Line 1: 'there'
);(
    echo Test 10
    local LINE_STR=$( emulateUnsafeInput )
    eval declare -a LINES=( ${LINE_STR} )
    echo "Line 0: '${LINES[0]}'"
    echo "Line 1: '${LINES[1]}'"
    # Line 0: 'root just got haxxored'
    # Line 1: 'Hahaha!'
);(
    echo Test 11
    local LINE_STR=$( emulateUnsafeInput )
    eval declare -a LINES=( "${LINE_STR}" )
    echo "Line 0: '${LINES[0]}'"
    echo "Line 1: '${LINES[1]}'"
    # Line 0: 'root just got haxxored'
    # Line 1: 'Hahaha!'
);(
    echo Test 12
    local LINE_STR=$( emulateUnsafeInput )
    declare -a LINES=( $( eval echo ${LINE_STR} ) )
    echo "Line 0: '${LINES[0]}'"
    echo "Line 1: '${LINES[1]}'"
    # Line 0: 'root'
    # Line 1: 'just'
);(
    echo Test 13
    local LINE_STR=$( emulateUnsafeInput )
    declare -a LINES=( $( eval echo "${LINE_STR}" ) )
    echo "Line 0: '${LINES[0]}'"
    echo "Line 1: '${LINES[1]}'"
    # Line 0: 'root'
    # Line 1: 'just'
)
}

execute

---

对于数据功能，使用echo-e并用换行符分隔数据：

getLines() { echo -e "\"Hello there\"\n\"loyal user\""; }

要读取数据，请使用进程替换和重定向：

i=0
while read -r
do
    arr[i++]=$REPLY
done < <(getLines)
# Line 0: '"Hello there"'
# Line 1: '"loyal user"'

i=0
而read-r
做
arr[i++]=$REPLY
完成以下操作：

如果您担心来自函数的任意恶意数据，只需使用
\0
（又称
NUL
）分隔符来预期和解析字符串即可。它是唯一不能成为任何变量一部分的字符，因此不可能与实际数据发生冲突

haxxorz() {
    printf '%s\0' whoami
    printf '%s\0' '\`whoami\`'
    printf '%s\0' "\`whoami\`"
    printf '%s\0' "\"\`whoami\` is haxxor-proof"'!'"\""
    printf '%s' 'Trying to poison the $REPLY variable with a missing separator'
}

index=0
while IFS= read -r -d '' || [ -n "$REPLY" ]
do
    array[index++]="$REPLY"
done < <(haxxorz)

for element in "${array[@]}"
do
    echo "$element"
done

echo "${REPLY:-REPLY is empty}"

我喜欢一个计划的结合

haxxorz() {
    printf '%s\0' whoami
    printf '%s\0' '\`whoami\`'
    printf '%s\0' "\`whoami\`"
    printf '%s\0' "\"\`whoami\` is haxxor-proof"'!'"\""
    printf '%s' 'Trying to poison the $REPLY variable with a missing separator'
}

index=0
while IFS= read -r -d '' || [ -n "$REPLY" ]
do
    array[index++]="$REPLY"
done < <(haxxorz)

for element in "${array[@]}"
do
    echo "$element"
done

echo "${REPLY:-REPLY is empty}"

whoami
\`whoami\`
`whoami`
"`whoami` is haxxor-proof!"
Trying to poison the $REPLY variable with a missing separator
REPLY is empty