Bash 使用awk控制在文件中插入列的位置

这是我的档案：

$ cat -v test1
"Rec_Open_Date","MSISDN","IMEI","Data_Volume_Bytes","Device_Manufacturer","Device_Model","Product_Description"
"2015-10-06","427","060","137765","Samsung Korea","Samsung SM-G900I","$39 Plan"
"2015-10-06","592","620","0","Apple Inc","Apple iPhone 6 (A1586)","PREPAY  STD - TRIAL - #16"
"2015-10-06","007","290","0","Apple Inc","Apple iPhone 6 (A1586)","PREPAY PLUS - $0 -"
"2015-10-06","592","050","48836832","Apple Inc","Apple iPhone 5S (A1530)","Talk and Text Connect Flexi Plan"
"2015-10-06","409","720","113755347","Samsung Korea","Samsung SM-G360G","$29 CARRYOVER PLAN"
"2015-10-06","742","620","19840943","Apple Inc","Apple iPhone S (A1530)","PREPAY STD - $0 - #2"
"2015-10-06","387","180","0","HUAWEI Technologies Co Ltd","HUAWEI HUAWEI G526-L11","PREPAY STD - $1 - #4"
"2015-10-06","731","570","2258243","Samsung Korea","Samsung SM-N910U","Business Freedom"
"2015-10-06","556","910","13332272","Samsung Korea","Samsung GT-I9505","$49 Plan"

此命令在末尾添加一列

NR==1{$7=q“Data\u Volume\u MB”q}

在第1行的末尾添加一个列名

NR>1{$7=$4；gsub（/“/，”，$7）；$7=q$7/（1024*1024）q}1

在第2行或更大行添加一列

awk -F, -v OFS=, -v q='"' 'NR==1{$7=q"Data_Volume_MB"q} NR>1{$7=$4; gsub(/"/,"",$7); $7= q $7/(1024*1024)q}1' test1
"Rec_Open_Date","MSISDN","IMEI","Data_Volume_Bytes","Device_Manufacturer","Device_Model","Data_Volume_MB"
"2015-10-06","427","060","137765","Samsung Korea","Samsung SM-G900I","0.131383"
"2015-10-06","592","620","0","Apple Inc","Apple iPhone 6 (A1586)","0"
"2015-10-06","007","290","0","Apple Inc","Apple iPhone 6 (A1586)","0"
"2015-10-06","592","050","48836832","Apple Inc","Apple iPhone 5S (A1530)","46.5744"
"2015-10-06","409","720","113755347","Samsung Korea","Samsung SM-G360G","108.486"
"2015-10-06","742","620","19840943","Apple Inc","Apple iPhone S (A1530)","18.9218"
"2015-10-06","387","180","0","HUAWEI Technologies Co Ltd","HUAWEI HUAWEI G526-L11","0"
"2015-10-06","731","570","2258243","Samsung Korea","Samsung SM-N910U","2.15363"
"2015-10-06","556","910","13332272","Samsung Korea","Samsung GT-I9505","12.7146"

如何控制插入列的位置？假设我想在最后第二列之前插入它？

NR==1{$（NF-1）=q“Data_Volume_MB”qfs$（NF-1）；}

这对第1行是这样做的，但我不知道如何对第2行和更大的行执行。有人能建议我如何对第2行和更大的

NR>1{$7=$4；gsub（/“/，”，“，”，$7）；$7=q$7/（1024*1024）q}1

$ awk -F, -v OFS=, -v q='"' 'NR==1{$(NF-1)=q"Data_Volume_MB"q FS $(NF-1);} NR>1{$7=$4; gsub(/"/,"",$7); $7= q $7/(1024*1024)q}1' test1
"Rec_Open_Date","MSISDN","IMEI","Data_Volume_Bytes","Device_Manufacturer","Data_Volume_MB","Device_Model","Product_Description"
"2015-10-06","427","060","137765","Samsung Korea","Samsung SM-G900I","0.131383"
"2015-10-06","592","620","0","Apple Inc","Apple iPhone 6 (A1586)","0"
"2015-10-06","007","290","0","Apple Inc","Apple iPhone 6 (A1586)","0"
"2015-10-06","592","050","48836832","Apple Inc","Apple iPhone 5S (A1530)","46.5744"
"2015-10-06","409","720","113755347","Samsung Korea","Samsung SM-G360G","108.486"
"2015-10-06","742","620","19840943","Apple Inc","Apple iPhone S (A1530)","18.9218"
"2015-10-06","387","180","0","HUAWEI Technologies Co Ltd","HUAWEI HUAWEI G526-L11","0"
"2015-10-06","731","570","2258243","Samsung Korea","Samsung SM-N910U","2.15363"
"2015-10-06","556","910","13332272","Samsung Korea","Samsung GT-I9505","12.7146"

对于2号线和更大的线路，我尝试了很多次，但总是有点偏离。e、 g:

NR>1{$（NF-1）=$4；gsub（/“/，”，$（NF-1））；$（NF-1）=q$（NF-1）/（1024*1024）qfs$（NF-1）；}1

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编辑1 这是我走错的路 以下是@Etan的答案 答复1-- 答复2-- 将其插入到第二个最后一列之后（从第二个最后一列开始工作） 答复3-- 将其插入到最后一列的第二列之后（从最后一列开始工作）

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您在操作中首先替换

$（NF-1）

处的值。然后尝试使用

$（NF-1）

，就好像它仍然包含原始值一样

这是行不通的。您需要将该值保存到另一个变量，对其进行操作，然后将

$（NF-1）

设置为新值

NR>1{n=$4; gsub(/"/,"",n); $(NF-1)= q n/(1024*1024)q FS $(NF-1)}1

此外，要将新值用作倒数第二列，您需要将其放置在倒数第二列中的值之后（或操作最后一列并将其放置在其之前）

或

$ awk -F, -v OFS=, -v q='"' 'NR==1{$(NF-1)=q"Data_Volume_MB"q FS $(NF-1);} NR>1{n=$4; gsub(/"/,"",n); $(NF-1)= q n/(1024*1024)q FS $(NF-1);}1' test1 | head -n1 | tr ',' '\n' | cat -n
     1  "Rec_Open_Date"
     2  "MSISDN"
     3  "IMEI"
     4  "Data_Volume_Bytes"
     5  "Device_Manufacturer"
     6  "Data_Volume_MB"
     7  "Device_Model"
     8  "Product_Description"
$ awk -F, -v OFS=, -v q='"' 'NR==1{$(NF-1)=q"Data_Volume_MB"q FS $(NF-1);} NR>1{n=$4; gsub(/"/,"",n); $(NF-1)= q n/(1024*1024)q FS $(NF-1);}1' test1 | head -n2 | tail -n1  | tr ',' '\n' | cat -n
     1  "2015-10-06"
     2  "427"
     3  "060"
     4  "137765"
     5  "Samsung Korea"
     6  "0.131383"
     7  "Samsung SM-G900I"
     8  "$39 Plan"
$

$ awk -F, -v OFS=, -v q='"' 'NR==1{$(NF-1)=$(NF-1) FS q"Data_Volume_MB"q} NR>1{n=$4; gsub(/"/,"",n); $(NF-1)= $(NF-1) FS q n/(1024*1024)q}1' test1 | head -n1 | tr ',' '\n' | cat -n
     1  "Rec_Open_Date"
     2  "MSISDN"
     3  "IMEI"
     4  "Data_Volume_Bytes"
     5  "Device_Manufacturer"
     6  "Device_Model"
     7  "Data_Volume_MB"
     8  "Product_Description"
$ awk -F, -v OFS=, -v q='"' 'NR==1{$(NF-1)=$(NF-1) FS q"Data_Volume_MB"q} NR>1{n=$4; gsub(/"/,"",n); $(NF-1)= $(NF-1) FS q n/(1024*1024)q}1' test1 | head -n2 | tail -n1 | tr ',' '\n' | cat -n
     1  "2015-10-06"
     2  "427"
     3  "060"
     4  "137765"
     5  "Samsung Korea"
     6  "Samsung SM-G900I"
     7  "0.131383"
     8  "$39 Plan"

$ awk -F, -v OFS=, -v q='"' 'NR==1{$NF=q"Data_Volume_MB"q FS $NF} NR>1{n=$4; gsub(/"/,"",n); $NF= q n/(1024*1024)q FS $NF;}1' test1 | head -n1 | tr ',' '\n' | cat -n
     1  "Rec_Open_Date"
     2  "MSISDN"
     3  "IMEI"
     4  "Data_Volume_Bytes"
     5  "Device_Manufacturer"
     6  "Device_Model"
     7  "Data_Volume_MB"
     8  "Product_Description"
$ awk -F, -v OFS=, -v q='"' 'NR==1{$NF=q"Data_Volume_MB"q FS $NF} NR>1{n=$4; gsub(/"/,"",n); $NF= q n/(1024*1024)q FS $NF;}1' test1 | head -n2 | tail -n1 | tr ',' '\n' | cat -n
     1  "2015-10-06"
     2  "427"
     3  "060"
     4  "137765"
     5  "Samsung Korea"
     6  "Samsung SM-G900I"
     7  "0.131383"
     8  "$39 Plan"

NR>1{n=$4; gsub(/"/,"",n); $(NF-1)= q n/(1024*1024)q FS $(NF-1)}1

NR>1{n=$4; gsub(/"/,"",n); $(NF-1)= $(NF-1) FS q n/(1024*1024)q}1

NR>1{n=$4; gsub(/"/,"",n); $NF= q n/(1024*1024)q FS $NF;}1