C 无法静态使用已安装的库

我试图静态链接并使用我在系统中安装的库，但即使在编译/链接时我没有收到错误，在运行时我也会收到错误

去图书馆 我下载并安装了。运行

make

sudo make安装

：

得到这个：

installing in /usr/local
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/username/libpfm4/lib'
building: libpfm.a libpfm.so.4.11.1
mkdir -p /usr/local/lib
install -m 644 libpfm.a /usr/local/lib
install libpfm.so.4.11.1 /usr/local/lib
cd /usr/local/lib; ln -sf libpfm.so.4.11.1 libpfm.so.4
cd /usr/local/lib; ln -sf libpfm.so.4.11.1 libpfm.so
ldconfig
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/username/libpfm4/lib'
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/username/libpfm4/tests'
make[1]: Nothing to be done for 'install'.
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/username/libpfm4/tests'
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/username/libpfm4/examples'
make[1]: Nothing to be done for 'install'.
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/username/libpfm4/examples'
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/username/libpfm4/perf_examples'
make[1]: Nothing to be done for 'install'.
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/username/libpfm4/perf_examples'
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/username/libpfm4/include'
mkdir -p /usr/local/include/perfmon
install -m 644 perfmon/pfmlib.h perfmon/perf_event.h perfmon/pfmlib_perf_event.h /usr/local/include/perfmon
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/username/libpfm4/include'
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/username/libpfm4/docs'
mkdir -p /usr/local/share/man/man3
( cd man3; install -m 644 libpfm.3 pfm_find_event.3 pfm_get_event_attr_info.3 pfm_get_event_info.3 pfm_get_event_encoding.3 pfm_get_event_next.3 pfm_get_pmu_info.3 pfm_get_os_event_encoding.3 pfm_get_version.3 pfm_initialize.3 pfm_terminate.3 pfm_strerror.3 libpfm_intel_core.3 libpfm_intel_x86_arch.3 libpfm_amd64.3 libpfm_amd64_k7.3 libpfm_amd64_k8.3 libpfm_amd64_fam10h.3 libpfm_amd64_fam15h.3 libpfm_amd64_fam16h.3 libpfm_amd64_fam17h.3 libpfm_amd64_fam17h_zen2.3 libpfm_amd64_fam19h_zen3.3 libpfm_amd64_fam19h_zen3_l3.3 libpfm_intel_atom.3 libpfm_intel_nhm.3 libpfm_intel_nhm_unc.3 libpfm_intel_wsm.3 libpfm_intel_wsm_unc.3 libpfm_intel_snb.3 libpfm_intel_snb_unc.3 libpfm_intel_ivb.3 libpfm_intel_ivb_unc.3 libpfm_intel_hsw.3 libpfm_intel_bdw.3 libpfm_intel_rapl.3 libpfm_intel_slm.3 libpfm_intel_tmt.3 libpfm_intel_skl.3 libpfm_intel_icl.3 libpfm_intel_glm.3 libpfm_intel_knl.3 libpfm_intel_knm.3 libpfm_intel_snbep_unc_cbo.3 libpfm_intel_snbep_unc_ha.3 libpfm_intel_snbep_unc_imc.3 libpfm_intel_snbep_unc_pcu.3 libpfm_intel_snbep_unc_qpi.3 libpfm_intel_snbep_unc_ubo.3 libpfm_intel_snbep_unc_r2pcie.3 libpfm_intel_snbep_unc_r3qpi.3 libpfm_intel_ivbep_unc_cbo.3 libpfm_intel_ivbep_unc_ha.3 libpfm_intel_ivbep_unc_imc.3 libpfm_intel_ivbep_unc_pcu.3 libpfm_intel_ivbep_unc_qpi.3 libpfm_intel_ivbep_unc_ubo.3 libpfm_intel_ivbep_unc_r2pcie.3 libpfm_intel_ivbep_unc_r3qpi.3 libpfm_intel_ivbep_unc_irp.3 libpfm_intel_knc.3 libpfm_intel_hswep_unc_cbo.3 libpfm_intel_hswep_unc_ha.3 libpfm_intel_hswep_unc_imc.3 libpfm_intel_hswep_unc_irp.3 libpfm_intel_hswep_unc_pcu.3 libpfm_intel_hswep_unc_qpi.3 libpfm_intel_hswep_unc_r2pcie.3 libpfm_intel_hswep_unc_r3qpi.3 libpfm_intel_hswep_unc_sbo.3 libpfm_intel_hswep_unc_ubo.3 libpfm_intel_bdx_unc_cbo.3 libpfm_intel_bdx_unc_ha.3 libpfm_intel_bdx_unc_imc.3 libpfm_intel_bdx_unc_irp.3 libpfm_intel_bdx_unc_pcu.3 libpfm_intel_bdx_unc_qpi.3 libpfm_intel_bdx_unc_r2pcie.3 libpfm_intel_bdx_unc_r3qpi.3 libpfm_intel_bdx_unc_sbo.3 libpfm_intel_bdx_unc_ubo.3 libpfm_intel_skx_unc_cha.3 libpfm_intel_skx_unc_imc.3 libpfm_intel_skx_unc_irp.3 libpfm_intel_skx_unc_m2m.3 libpfm_intel_skx_unc_m3upi.3 libpfm_intel_skx_unc_pcu.3 libpfm_intel_skx_unc_ubo.3 libpfm_intel_skx_unc_upi.3 pfm_get_perf_event_encoding.3 libpfm_perf_event_raw.3 /usr/local/share/man/man3 )
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/username/libpfm4/docs'

我现在可以在

/usr/local/libpfm.{a，so，so.4，so.4.11.1}

编译程序 我得到一个干净的输出

运行程序 如果我使用ldd，我会得到以下结果：

$ ldd out.bin   
    linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffc8f9fe000)
    libpfm.so.4 => not found
    libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007fdcdcf0b000)
    libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007fdcdcd40000)
    /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fdcdcf44000)

---

我会错过什么？谢谢您的时间。

到库的链接时间路径和运行时间路径之间存在差异

由于库所在的位置（显然）不是由运行时加载程序处理的，因此在链接时必须添加一个标志，以告知链接器在可执行文件中添加有关它的信息，以便运行时加载程序进行检查

这是通过

-rpath

链接器特定标志完成的

您可以使用带有

-Wl

选项的

gcc

传递它：

gcc ... -Wl,-rpath=/usr/local/lib -L/usr/local/lib -lpfm

---

这不意味着我在动态链接吗？我想静态链接。（显然我现在没有做的事。）@onlycparra啊，好吧。要进行静态链接，链接时必须使用

-static

选项。但这将静态链接所有可能的库。啊，我明白了，即使是未使用的库，对吗？像pthread。那很不方便。

$ ldd out.bin   
    linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffc8f9fe000)
    libpfm.so.4 => not found
    libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007fdcdcf0b000)
    libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007fdcdcd40000)
    /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fdcdcf44000)

gcc ... -Wl,-rpath=/usr/local/lib -L/usr/local/lib -lpfm