C++ boostpython-对`Py_NoneStruct'；

尝试使用Boost Python时出现以下错误：

/usr/include/boost/python/object_core.hpp:400: undefined reference to `_Py_NoneStruct'

安装在Ubuntu 18.04上，使用：

sudo apt-get install libboost-all-dev

CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
project(boostpy)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)
include_directories(/usr/include/python3.6)
find_package(Boost 1.65.1 COMPONENTS python3-py36 REQUIRED)
if(Boost_FOUND)
    message(STATUS "Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS: ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS}")
    message(STATUS "Boost_LIBRARIES: ${Boost_LIBRARIES}")
    message(STATUS "Boost_VERSION: ${Boost_VERSION}")
    include_directories(${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS})
endif()

add_executable(boostpy main.cpp)
if(Boost_FOUND)
    target_link_libraries(boostpy ${Boost_LIBRARIES})
endif()

main.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <boost/python.hpp>
#include <Python.h>

int main()
{
    std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

---

这个问题的解决方案是，除了boostpython库之外，我还必须导入Python库本身

在本例中，我的Python库位于/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so

在此过程中，我学到了find_包功能的一些有用用法

在此过程中还存在一些其他问题：

• 我不得不使用共享库而不是可执行文件
• find_包默认为不同版本的Python。我必须指定正确的版本
• 我必须确保BOOST_PYTHON_模块（hello）中指定的名称与库名称匹配。图书馆被称为“libhello.so”。我不得不告诉cmake删除“lib”前缀

最终文件：

你好，cpp

char const* greet()
{
    return "hello, world";
}

#include <boost/python.hpp>

BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(hello)
{
    using namespace boost::python;
    def("greet", greet);
}

---

另一个数据点：这似乎与boostpython库特别相关，而不是一些通用的boostlibrary链接问题。我使用Boost文件系统运行了一个测试，效果很好。

char const* greet()
{
    return "hello, world";
}

#include <boost/python.hpp>

BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(hello)
{
    using namespace boost::python;
    def("greet", greet);
}

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
project(hello)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)

find_package(Python 3.6 COMPONENTS Interpreter Development REQUIRED)
find_package(Boost 1.65.1 COMPONENTS python3.6 REQUIRED)

if(Boost_FOUND)
    message(STATUS "Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS: ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS}")
    message(STATUS "Boost_LIBRARIES: ${Boost_LIBRARIES}")
    message(STATUS "Boost_VERSION: ${Boost_VERSION}")
    include_directories(${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS})
endif()
if(Python_FOUND)
    message(STATUS "Python Found: ${Python_EXECUTABLE}")
    message(STATUS "Python Found: ${Python_INCLUDE_DIRS}")
    message(STATUS "Python Found: ${Python_LIBRARIES}")
    message(STATUS "Python Found: ${Python_LIBRARY_DIRS}")
    include_directories(${Python_INCLUDE_DIRS})
endif()

add_library(hello SHARED hello.cpp)
SET_TARGET_PROPERTIES(hello PROPERTIES PREFIX "")
if(Boost_FOUND)
    target_link_libraries(hello ${Boost_LIBRARIES} ${Python_LIBRARIES})
endif()