C++ 方法c+内的异常+；

我试图捕获方法中的异常，但我的代码不起作用，因为异常会在调用析构函数之前关闭程序

main.cpp：

#include "register.h"
#include "agenda.h"
#include "professionalregister.h"
#include "personalregister.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>

int main(){
    Agenda agenda (2);
    Register *profissional_1 = new ProfessionalRegister ("camila", 1, 2, "engenheira", "computacao"), 
    *profissional_2 = new ProfessionalRegister ("leticia", 3, 4, "engenheira", "metalurgia"); 
    Register *pessoal =  new PersonalRegister ("Amanda" , 5, 6, "Rua", 7);
    agenda.insercao(profissional_1);
    agenda.insercao(pessoal);
    agenda.insercao(profissional_2);

    std :: cout << agenda.obter_cadastro(0)->get_nome() << std :: endl;
    std :: cout << agenda.obter_cadastro(0)->get_idade() << std :: endl;
    std :: cout << agenda.obter_cadastro(0)->get_cpf() << std :: endl;
    agenda.obter_cadastro(0)->get_atributos_extras();

    std :: cout << agenda.obter_cadastro(2)->get_nome() << std :: endl;
    std :: cout << agenda.obter_cadastro(2)->get_idade() << std :: endl;
    std :: cout << agenda.obter_cadastro(2)->get_cpf() << std :: endl;
    agenda.obter_cadastro(2)->get_atributos_extras();



    delete profissional_1;
    delete profissional_2;
    delete pessoal;
}

#包括“register.h”
#包括“议程.h”
#包括“professionalregister.h”
#包括“personalregister.h”
#包括
#包括
int main（）{
议程（2）；
寄存器*PROFICENATIONAL_1=新的专业寄存器（“camila”，1,2，“engenheira”，“Computaco”），
*Professional_2=新的专业注册（“leticia”，3，4，“engenheira”，“metalurgia”）；
Register*pessoal=新的个人注册（“Amanda”，5,6，“Rua”，7）；
议程：INSERCO（1）；
议程项目：INSERCO（比索阿尔）；
议程：欧洲工商管理学院（第二届会议）；
std:：cout get_nome（）您应该开始使用调试器来跟踪代码，并查看执行代码时发生的情况

但是我知道你是如何错误地使用异常的。你不应该强迫一个异常，你捕捉到的异常会打印一个错误。当你的函数得到一个不是为它设计的输入时，你应该抛出一个异常

Register const* GetAppointment(size_t nr) const {
    if (nr < appointments.size()) {
        return appointments[nr];
    } else {
        throw std::out_of_range("Appointment number out of range.");
    }
}

你不会捕捉到那个异常。那是结构化异常，而不是C++异常。对C++异常进行重构是可行的（以及非平凡的和OS特定的），但高度泄气。请注意：在C++中，你不需要从动态内存中分配变量。对于动态数组，考虑<代码> STD:：vector < /代码>。更不用说使用指针来设计和实现。<代码> ObTryDeCasoRoo> /COD>有未定义的行为。ter*

，但如果从

at（）

引发异常，则不会返回任何内容。这就是分段错误的来源。

Register const* GetAppointment(size_t nr) const {
    if (nr < appointments.size()) {
        return appointments[nr];
    } else {
        throw std::out_of_range("Appointment number out of range.");
    }
}

#include <string>
#include <sstream>

class Register{
private:
    std::string name;
    int idade, cpf;
public:
    Register(std::string_view const& name, int idade, int cpf) : name(name), idade(idade), cpf(cpf) {}
    virtual ~Register() {}
    std::string const& GetName() const { return name; }
    int GetIdade() const { return idade; }
    int GetCpf() const { return cpf; }
    virtual std::string GetExtraAttributes() const = 0;
};

class ProfessionalRegister final : public Register {
private:
    std::string function;
    std::string speciality;
public:
    ProfessionalRegister(std::string_view const& name, int idade, int cpf
        , std::string_view const& function, std::string_view const& speciality)
        : Register(name, idade, cpf)
        , function(function), speciality(speciality) {}
    std::string GetExtraAttributes() const override {
        std::stringstream out;
        out << "Function : " << function << ", Department " << speciality;
        return out.str();
    }
};

class PersonalRegister final : public Register {
private:
    std::string street;
    int number;
public:
    PersonalRegister(std::string_view const& name, int idade, int cpf
        , std::string_view const& street, int number)
        : Register(name, idade, cpf)
        , street(street), number(number) {}
    std::string GetExtraAttributes() const override {
        std::stringstream out;
        out << "Street : " << street << ", number " << number;
        return out.str();
    }
};

#include <vector>
#include <memory>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>

class Agenda {
private:
    size_t nrOfAppointments{ 0 };
    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Register>> appointments;
public:
    Agenda(size_t capacity) : appointments(capacity) {}
    void Add(std::unique_ptr<Register>&& reg) {
        if (nrOfAppointments < appointments.size()) {
            appointments[nrOfAppointments++] = std::move(reg);
        } else {
            std::cout << "Failed adding appointment: agenda full.\n";
        }
    }
    Register const* GetAppointment(size_t nr) const {
        if (nr < appointments.size()) {
            return appointments[nr].get();
        } else {
            throw std::out_of_range("Appointment number out of range.");
        }
    }
};

int main() {
    Agenda agenda(2);
    agenda.Add(std::make_unique<ProfessionalRegister>("camila", 1, 2, "engenheira", "computacao"));
    agenda.Add(std::make_unique<ProfessionalRegister>("leticia", 3, 4, "engenheira", "metalurgia"));
    agenda.Add(std::make_unique<PersonalRegister>("Amanda", 5, 6, "Rua", 7));

    std::cout << agenda.GetAppointment(0)->GetName() << '\n';
    std::cout << agenda.GetAppointment(0)->GetIdade() << '\n';
    std::cout << agenda.GetAppointment(0)->GetCpf() << '\n';
    std::cout << agenda.GetAppointment(0)->GetExtraAttributes() << '\n';

    std::cout << agenda.GetAppointment(2)->GetName() << '\n'; // throws an exception
    std::cout << agenda.GetAppointment(2)->GetIdade() << '\n';
    std::cout << agenda.GetAppointment(2)->GetCpf() << '\n';
    std::cout << agenda.GetAppointment(2)->GetExtraAttributes() << '\n';
}