C++ Negamax的实施没有';t似乎与tic-tac-toe一起工作

C++ Negamax的实施没有';t似乎与tic-tac-toe一起工作,c++,algorithm,tic-tac-toe,minimax,C++,Algorithm,Tic Tac Toe,Minimax,我已经实现了Negamax,包括alpha/beta修剪 然而,它似乎倾向于失败的举动,据我所知,这是一个无效的结果 游戏是Tic-Tac-Toe,我已经抽象了大部分游戏,所以应该很容易发现算法中的错误 #include <list> #include <climits> #include <iostream> //#define DEBUG 1 using namespace std; struct Move { int row, col;

我已经实现了Negamax,包括alpha/beta修剪

然而,它似乎倾向于失败的举动,据我所知,这是一个无效的结果

游戏是Tic-Tac-Toe,我已经抽象了大部分游戏,所以应该很容易发现算法中的错误

#include <list>
#include <climits>
#include <iostream>

//#define DEBUG 1

using namespace std;

struct Move {
    int row, col;

    Move(int row, int col) : row(row), col(col) { }
    Move(const Move& m) { row = m.row; col = m.col; }
};

struct Board {
    char player;
    char opponent;
    char board[3][3];

    Board() { }

    void read(istream& stream) {
        stream >> player;
        opponent = player == 'X' ? 'O' : 'X';

        for(int row = 0; row < 3; row++) {
            for(int col = 0; col < 3; col++) {
                char playa;

                stream >> playa;
                board[row][col] = playa == '_' ? 0 : playa == player ? 1 : -1;
            }
        }
    }

    void print(ostream& stream) {
        for(int row = 0; row < 3; row++) {
            for(int col = 0; col < 3; col++) {
                switch(board[row][col]) {
                    case -1:
                        stream << opponent;
                        break;

                    case 0:
                        stream << '_';
                        break;

                    case 1:
                        stream << player;
                        break;

                }
            }
            stream << endl;
        }
    }

    void do_move(const Move& move, int player) {
        board[move.row][move.col] = player;
    }

    void undo_move(const Move& move) {
        board[move.row][move.col] = 0;
    }

    bool isWon() {
        if (board[0][0] != 0) {
            if (board[0][0] == board[0][1] &&
                    board[0][1] == board[0][2])
                return true;

            if (board[0][0] == board[1][0] &&
                    board[1][0] == board[2][0])
                return true;
        }

        if (board[2][2] != 0) {
            if (board[2][0] == board[2][1] &&
                    board[2][1] == board[2][2])
                return true;

            if (board[0][2] == board[1][2] &&
                    board[1][2] == board[2][2])
                return true;
        }

        if (board[1][1] != 0) {
            if (board[0][1] == board[1][1] &&
                    board[1][1] == board[2][1])
                return true;

            if (board[1][0] == board[1][1] &&
                    board[1][1] == board[1][2])
                return true;

            if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] &&
                    board[1][1] == board[2][2])
                return true;

            if (board[0][2] == board [1][1] &&
                    board[1][1] == board[2][0])
                return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

    list<Move> getMoves() {
        list<Move> moveList;

        for(int row = 0; row < 3; row++)
            for(int col = 0; col < 3; col++)
                if (board[row][col] == 0)
                    moveList.push_back(Move(row, col));

        return moveList;
    }
};

ostream& operator<< (ostream& stream, Board& board) {
    board.print(stream);
    return stream;
}

istream& operator>> (istream& stream, Board& board) {
    board.read(stream);
    return stream;
}

int evaluate(Board& board) {
    int score = board.isWon() ? 100 : 0;

    for(int row = 0; row < 3; row++)
        for(int col = 0; col < 3; col++)
            if (board.board[row][col] == 0)
                score += 1;

    return score;
}

int negamax(Board& board, int depth, int player, int alpha, int beta) {
    if (board.isWon() || depth <= 0) {
#if DEBUG > 1
        cout << "Found winner board at depth " << depth << endl;
        cout << board << endl;
#endif
        return player * evaluate(board);
    }

    list<Move> allMoves = board.getMoves();

    if (allMoves.size() == 0)
        return player * evaluate(board);

    for(list<Move>::iterator it = allMoves.begin(); it != allMoves.end(); it++) {
        board.do_move(*it, -player);
        int val = -negamax(board, depth - 1, -player, -beta, -alpha);
        board.undo_move(*it);

        if (val >= beta)
            return val;

        if (val > alpha)
            alpha = val;
    }

    return alpha;
}

void nextMove(Board& board) {
    list<Move> allMoves = board.getMoves();
    Move* bestMove = NULL;
    int bestScore = INT_MIN;

    for(list<Move>::iterator it = allMoves.begin(); it != allMoves.end(); it++) {
        board.do_move(*it, 1);
        int score = -negamax(board, 100, 1, INT_MIN + 1, INT_MAX);
        board.undo_move(*it);

#if DEBUG
        cout << it->row << ' ' << it->col << " = " << score << endl;
#endif

        if (score > bestScore) {
            bestMove = &*it;
            bestScore = score;
        }
    }

    if (!bestMove)
        return;

    cout << bestMove->row << ' ' << bestMove->col << endl;

#if DEBUG
    board.do_move(*bestMove, 1);
    cout << board;
#endif

}

int main() {
    Board board;

    cin >> board;
#if DEBUG
    cout << "Starting board:" << endl;
    cout << board;
#endif

    nextMove(board);
    return 0;
}
该算法选择将一个棋子放置在0,1,造成保证损失,对该陷阱执行操作(无法执行任何操作以赢得或结束平局):

我很确定游戏的实现是正确的,但是算法也应该是正确的

编辑:更新了
评估
nextMove


EDIT2:修复了第一个问题,尽管您的
evaluate
函数计算空白,并且无法识别获胜的棋盘,但似乎仍然存在错误

编辑:
nextMove
中还有一个相对较小的问题。线路应该是

int score = -negamax(board, 0, -1, INT_MIN + 1, INT_MAX);
修正这个问题(并且
评估
),代码选择正确的移动

编辑:

这就解决了这个问题:

if (board.isWon() || depth <= 0) {
#if DEBUG > 1
  cout << "Found winner board at depth " << depth << endl;
  cout << board << endl;
#endif
  return -100;                                                      
}
if(board.isWon()|深度1

cout
isWon
对于玩家的赢或输都返回true。这没什么帮助。

玩家的使用似乎有点滑稽

顶级循环调用“board.do_move(*it,1);”,然后调用negamax,player=1


然后,negamax将调用“board.do_move(*it,player);”,所以看起来第一个玩家实际上得到了两个移动。

这并不重要,检查是否有赢意味着当前移动产生了游戏结束,因此,没有必要检查进一步的移动。但是,对于赢或输,negamax返回的分数需要有所不同。
isWon
evaluate
needs合并了这些信息…我已经在求值函数中加入了这个语义。谢谢!注意这是X的一个失败位置,所以(2,0)并不比(1,0)好。@Beta:um…,不,不是。玩得太多了?X必须在(2,0)处进行阻止,然后O必须在(1,0)处进行阻止,然后X必须在(1,2)处进行阻止若要阻止,则没有人赢。@KeithRandall,[facepalm]没关系。哦,是的!谢谢!另外,在顶级循环中,我应该将分数指定为negamax的否定值吗?我已经修复了代码,正如您所建议的,但是,我仍然得到相同的结果。我已经更新了代码以反映更改。@GeorgeJiglau,
if(board.isWon()){score*=100;}
什么是0*100?我已经修正了
评估
再次,但是,这只会影响到上一步赢得的游戏,不会影响当前的测试用例。太棒了!我真的没有弄明白评估应该从玩家的角度来评估棋盘,而不是从全局的角度。谢谢!
int score = -negamax(board, 0, -1, INT_MIN + 1, INT_MAX);
if (board.isWon() || depth <= 0) {
#if DEBUG > 1
  cout << "Found winner board at depth " << depth << endl;
  cout << board << endl;
#endif
  return -100;                                                      
}