C++ 线程构造函数周围的可变模板包装器无法编译

我正在尝试编译以下程序

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>

struct State
{
    State (std::string message) : message (message)
    {
    }

    template <class Function, class... Args>
    void
    spawn (Function&& function, Args&&... args)
    {
        std::thread t (&State::run <Function, Args...>, this, function, args...);
        t . join ();
    }

    template <class Function, class... Args>
    void
    run (Function&& function, Args&&... args)
    {
        std::cout << this -> message << std::endl;
        function (args...);
    }

    ~State () = default;

    std::string message;
};

void
print (std::string message)
{
    std::cout << message << std::endl;
}

int main (int argc, char ** argv)
{
    State state ("Hello, World!\n");

    state.spawn (print, "Goodbye, World!\n");

    return 0;
}

当我尝试使用Clang6.0.1编译它时，我得到以下输出

$ clang++ main.cpp
In file included from main.cpp:2:
/usr/bin/../lib64/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.2.0/../../../../include/c++/8.2.0/thread:242:40: error: 
      no matching member function for call to '_M_invoke'
        -> decltype(std::declval<_Invoker&>()._M_invoke(_Indices()))
                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~
/usr/bin/../lib64/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.2.0/../../../../include/c++/8.2.0/thread:127:8: note: 
      in instantiation of template class
      'std::thread::_Invoker<std::tuple<void (State::*)(void
      (&)(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>), char const (&)[17]), State *,
      void (*)(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>), const char *> >'
      requested here
              __make_invoker(std::forward<_Callable>(__f),
              ^
main.cpp:14:15: note: in instantiation of function template specialization
      'std::thread::thread<void (State::*)(void
      (&)(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>), char const (&)[17]), State *,
      void (&)(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>), char const (&)[17]>'
      requested here
                std::thread t (&State::run <Function, Args...>, thi...
                            ^
main.cpp:41:8: note: in instantiation of function template specialization
      'State::spawn<void (&)(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>), char const
      (&)[17]>' requested here
        state.spawn (print, "Goodbye, World!\n");
              ^
/usr/bin/../lib64/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.2.0/../../../../include/c++/8.2.0/thread:231:4: note: 
      candidate template ignored: substitution failure [with _Ind = <0, 1,
      2, 3>]: no matching function for call to '__invoke'
          _M_invoke(_Index_tuple<_Ind...>)
          ^
/usr/bin/../lib64/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.2.0/../../../../include/c++/8.2.0/thread:186:13: error: 
      type 'std::thread::_Invoker<std::tuple<void (State::*)(void
      (&)(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>), char const (&)[17]), State *,
      void (*)(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>), const char *> >' does not
      provide a call operator
        _M_run() { _M_func(); }
                   ^~~~~~~
/usr/bin/../lib64/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.2.0/../../../../include/c++/8.2.0/thread:182:2: note: 
      in instantiation of member function
      'std::thread::_State_impl<std::thread::_Invoker<std::tuple<void
      (State::*)(void (&)(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>), char const
      (&)[17]), State *, void (*)(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>), const
      char *> > >::_M_run' requested here
        _State_impl(_Callable&& __f) : _M_func(std::forward<_Callab...
        ^
/usr/bin/../lib64/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.2.0/../../../../include/c++/8.2.0/thread:197:24: note: 
      in instantiation of member function
      'std::thread::_State_impl<std::thread::_Invoker<std::tuple<void
      (State::*)(void (&)(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>), char const
      (&)[17]), State *, void (*)(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>), const
      char *> > >::_State_impl' requested here
        return _State_ptr{new _Impl{std::forward<_Callable>(__f)}};
                              ^
/usr/bin/../lib64/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.2.0/../../../../include/c++/8.2.0/thread:126:25: note: 
      in instantiation of function template specialization
      'std::thread::_S_make_state<std::thread::_Invoker<std::tuple<void
      (State::*)(void (&)(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>), char const
      (&)[17]), State *, void (*)(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>), const
      char *> > >' requested here
        _M_start_thread(_S_make_state(
                        ^
main.cpp:14:15: note: in instantiation of function template specialization
      'std::thread::thread<void (State::*)(void
      (&)(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>), char const (&)[17]), State *,
      void (&)(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>), char const (&)[17]>'
      requested here
                std::thread t (&State::run <Function, Args...>, thi...
                            ^
main.cpp:41:8: note: in instantiation of function template specialization
      'State::spawn<void (&)(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>), char const
      (&)[17]>' requested here
        state.spawn (print, "Goodbye, World!\n");
              ^
2 errors generated.

我说不出我做错了什么。我可以看出编译器似乎不喜欢我传递给thread对象的第一个参数，但我不知道为什么或者如何修复它

我尝试将函数从成员函数引用更改为静态成员函数引用，并添加结构指针作为附加参数。这对产量没有实质性影响

我也尝试过用GCC编译它，看看它是否告诉我一些有趣的事情。它似乎与clang的代码有相同的问题，但输出更加冗长，对我来说也同样不容易理解

---

为什么我的程序不编译？此错误消息试图告诉我什么？

之所以出现此错误，是因为std:：thread decay会在调用初始函数之前复制给定给其构造函数的参数。您正在传入一个包含16个字符的字符串文字，外加一个终止null，即const char[17]类型的左值。此表达式的衰减副本生成const char*类型的prvalue，这是通常的数组到指针的转换。但是，您告诉std:：thread使用run函数，仍然需要const char&[17]参数。这个数组到指针的衰减是不可逆的，因此您无法从std:：thread的衰减副本获取所需的左值

下面是如何编写代码片段以进行编译的示例：

template <class Function, class... Args>
void
spawn (Function&& function, Args&&... args)
{
    std::thread t (&State::run <std::decay_t<Function>, std::decay_t<Args>...>, this, std::forward<Function>(function), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    t . join ();
}

template <class Function, class... Args>
void
run (Function function, Args... args)
{
    std::cout << this -> message << std::endl;
    function(args...);
}

---

这里，我们正在实例化State:：run和decayed类型，确保传递一个具有适当签名的函数，以接收std:：thread将提供的decayed复制参数。

这显然与您如何使用引用有关，特别是在显式模板中，我在阅读后对这一点有点猜测。谢谢你为我解释清楚。我自己也不能这么做。好的，但是只要我从spawn中删除右值引用注释，程序也可以在spawn中没有模板参数上的decation\t和forward注释的情况下编译。为什么呢？根据你的解释，似乎不应该这样。我不能在这里解释，但请发另一个问题，也许我会回答