C# 在父进程被终止时终止子进程

我正在使用我的应用程序中的

System.Diagnostics.Process

类创建新进程。

我希望在我的应用程序崩溃时/如果我的应用程序崩溃时终止此进程。但是，如果我从任务管理器中终止我的应用程序，则不会终止子进程。

是否有任何方法使子进程依赖于父进程？

一种方法是将父进程的PID传递给子进程。子进程将定期轮询指定pid的进程是否存在。如果没有，它就会退出

您还可以使用子方法中的方法在父进程结束时收到通知，但在任务管理器的情况下它可能不起作用。

我看到两个选项：

如果你确切知道什么子进程可以启动，你确信它们只是从你的主进程开始的，那么你可以考虑简单地用名字搜索它们并杀死它们。李>

迭代所有进程，并杀死所有将您的进程作为父进程的进程（我想您需要先杀死子进程）。说明了如何获取父进程id

从，贷记到“Josh”

Application.Quit（）

和

Process.Kill（）

是可能的解决方案，但已证明不可靠。当主应用程序死机时，您仍然可以运行子进程。我们真正想要的是，主进程一死，子进程就死

解决方案是使用“作业对象”

其思想是为主应用程序创建一个“作业对象”，并向作业对象注册子进程。如果主进程死亡，操作系统将负责终止子进程

public enum JobObjectInfoType
{
    AssociateCompletionPortInformation = 7,
    BasicLimitInformation = 2,
    BasicUIRestrictions = 4,
    EndOfJobTimeInformation = 6,
    ExtendedLimitInformation = 9,
    SecurityLimitInformation = 5,
    GroupInformation = 11
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES
{
    public int nLength;
    public IntPtr lpSecurityDescriptor;
    public int bInheritHandle;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION
{
    public Int64 PerProcessUserTimeLimit;
    public Int64 PerJobUserTimeLimit;
    public Int16 LimitFlags;
    public UInt32 MinimumWorkingSetSize;
    public UInt32 MaximumWorkingSetSize;
    public Int16 ActiveProcessLimit;
    public Int64 Affinity;
    public Int16 PriorityClass;
    public Int16 SchedulingClass;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct IO_COUNTERS
{
    public UInt64 ReadOperationCount;
    public UInt64 WriteOperationCount;
    public UInt64 OtherOperationCount;
    public UInt64 ReadTransferCount;
    public UInt64 WriteTransferCount;
    public UInt64 OtherTransferCount;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION
{
    public JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION BasicLimitInformation;
    public IO_COUNTERS IoInfo;
    public UInt32 ProcessMemoryLimit;
    public UInt32 JobMemoryLimit;
    public UInt32 PeakProcessMemoryUsed;
    public UInt32 PeakJobMemoryUsed;
}

public class Job : IDisposable
{
    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
    static extern IntPtr CreateJobObject(object a, string lpName);

    [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
    static extern bool SetInformationJobObject(IntPtr hJob, JobObjectInfoType infoType, IntPtr lpJobObjectInfo, uint cbJobObjectInfoLength);

    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    static extern bool AssignProcessToJobObject(IntPtr job, IntPtr process);

    private IntPtr m_handle;
    private bool m_disposed = false;

    public Job()
    {
        m_handle = CreateJobObject(null, null);

        JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION info = new JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION();
        info.LimitFlags = 0x2000;

        JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION extendedInfo = new JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION();
        extendedInfo.BasicLimitInformation = info;

        int length = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION));
        IntPtr extendedInfoPtr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(length);
        Marshal.StructureToPtr(extendedInfo, extendedInfoPtr, false);

        if (!SetInformationJobObject(m_handle, JobObjectInfoType.ExtendedLimitInformation, extendedInfoPtr, (uint)length))
            throw new Exception(string.Format("Unable to set information.  Error: {0}", Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()));
    }

    #region IDisposable Members

    public void Dispose()
    {
        Dispose(true);
        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
    }

    #endregion

    private void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
        if (m_disposed)
            return;

        if (disposing) {}

        Close();
        m_disposed = true;
    }

    public void Close()
    {
        Win32.CloseHandle(m_handle);
        m_handle = IntPtr.Zero;
    }

    public bool AddProcess(IntPtr handle)
    {
        return AssignProcessToJobObject(m_handle, handle);
    }

}

看看构造器

JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION info = new JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION();
info.LimitFlags = 0x2000;

这里的关键是正确设置作业对象。在构造函数中，我将“limits”设置为0x2000，这是

JOB\u OBJECT\u LIMIT\u KILL\u ON\u JOB\u CLOSE

的数值

MSDN将此标志定义为：

导致与关联的所有进程 当最后一个任务结束时要终止的作业 作业的句柄已关闭

一旦这个类被设置好，你只需要在作业中注册每个子进程。例如：

[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern uint GetWindowThreadProcessId(IntPtr hWnd, out uint lpdwProcessId);

Excel.Application app = new Excel.ApplicationClass();

uint pid = 0;
Win32.GetWindowThreadProcessId(new IntPtr(app.Hwnd), out pid);
 job.AddProcess(Process.GetProcessById((int)pid).Handle);

---

这篇文章是对@Matt Howells答案的扩展，特别针对那些在Vista或Win7下使用作业对象时遇到问题的人，尤其是在调用AssignProcessToJobObject时遇到拒绝访问错误（“5”）时

tl；dr

要确保与Vista和Win7兼容，请将以下清单添加到.NET父进程：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?>
<assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion="1.0">
  <v3:trustInfo xmlns:v3="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
    <v3:security>
      <v3:requestedPrivileges>
        <v3:requestedExecutionLevel level="asInvoker" uiAccess="false" />
      </v3:requestedPrivileges>
    </v3:security>
  </v3:trustInfo>
  <compatibility xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:compatibility.v1">
    <!-- We specify these, in addition to the UAC above, so we avoid Program Compatibility Assistant in Vista and Win7 -->
    <!-- We try to avoid PCA so we can use Windows Job Objects -->
    <!-- See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3342941/kill-child-process-when-parent-process-is-killed -->

    <application>
      <!--The ID below indicates application support for Windows Vista -->
      <supportedOS Id="{e2011457-1546-43c5-a5fe-008deee3d3f0}"/>
      <!--The ID below indicates application support for Windows 7 -->
      <supportedOS Id="{35138b9a-5d96-4fbd-8e2d-a2440225f93a}"/>
    </application>
  </compatibility>
</assembly>

[2]

[3] :
“在Windows 8中，一个进程可以与多个作业关联”

[4]

[5] 当您可以控制子进程运行的代码时，这里有一个替代方案可能适用于某些情况。这种方法的好处是不需要任何本机Windows调用

基本思想是将子级的标准输入重定向到另一端连接到父级的流，并使用该流检测父级何时离开。使用
System.Diagnostics.Process
启动子级时，很容易确保其标准输入被重定向：

Process childProcess = new Process();
childProcess.StartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo("pathToConsoleModeApp.exe");
childProcess.StartInfo.RedirectStandardInput = true;

childProcess.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true; // no sense showing an empty black console window which the user can't input into

然后，在子进程上，利用这样一个事实，即从标准输入流中读取的
将始终返回至少1个字节，直到流关闭，此时它们将开始返回0个字节。下面是我最终做这件事的方式的概要；我的方法还使用消息泵来保持主线程可用于除在中查看标准之外的其他事情，但是这种通用方法也可以在没有消息泵的情况下使用

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows.Forms;

static int Main()
{
    Application.Run(new MyApplicationContext());
    return 0;
}

public class MyApplicationContext : ApplicationContext
{
    private SynchronizationContext _mainThreadMessageQueue = null;
    private Stream _stdInput;

    public MyApplicationContext()
    {
        _stdInput = Console.OpenStandardInput();

        // feel free to use a better way to post to the message loop from here if you know one ;)    
        System.Windows.Forms.Timer handoffToMessageLoopTimer = new System.Windows.Forms.Timer();
        handoffToMessageLoopTimer.Interval = 1;
        handoffToMessageLoopTimer.Tick += new EventHandler((obj, eArgs) => { PostMessageLoopInitialization(handoffToMessageLoopTimer); });
        handoffToMessageLoopTimer.Start();
    }

    private void PostMessageLoopInitialization(System.Windows.Forms.Timer t)
    {
        if (_mainThreadMessageQueue == null)
        {
            t.Stop();
            _mainThreadMessageQueue = SynchronizationContext.Current;
        }

        // constantly monitor standard input on a background thread that will
        // signal the main thread when stuff happens.
        BeginMonitoringStdIn(null);

        // start up your application's real work here
    }

    private void BeginMonitoringStdIn(object state)
    {
        if (SynchronizationContext.Current == _mainThreadMessageQueue)
        {
            // we're already running on the main thread - proceed.
            var buffer = new byte[128];

            _stdInput.BeginRead(buffer, 0, buffer.Length, (asyncResult) =>
                {
                    int amtRead = _stdInput.EndRead(asyncResult);

                    if (amtRead == 0)
                    {
                        _mainThreadMessageQueue.Post(new SendOrPostCallback(ApplicationTeardown), null);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        BeginMonitoringStdIn(null);
                    }
                }, null);
        }
        else
        {
            // not invoked from the main thread - dispatch another call to this method on the main thread and return
            _mainThreadMessageQueue.Post(new SendOrPostCallback(BeginMonitoringStdIn), null);
        }
    }

    private void ApplicationTeardown(object state)
    {
        // tear down your application gracefully here
        _stdInput.Close();

        this.ExitThread();
    }
}

此方法的注意事项：

实际启动的child.exe必须是控制台应用程序，因此它仍然连接到stdin/out/err。在上面的例子中，我通过创建一个引用现有项目的小型控制台项目，实例化我的应用程序上下文，并在console.exe的
Main
方法中调用
application.Run（）
，轻松地修改了使用消息泵（但没有显示GUI）的现有应用程序

从技术上讲，这只是在父进程退出时向子进程发出信号，因此无论父进程是否正常退出或崩溃，它都会工作，但仍由子进程自己执行关闭。这可能不是你想要的

在流程开始后调用job.AddProcess更好：

prc.Start();
job.AddProcess(prc.Handle);

在终止之前调用AddProcess时，不会终止子进程。（Windows7SP1）

还有另一种相关的方法，简单有效，可以在程序终止时完成子进程。您可以从父级实现并附加调试器；当父进程结束时，操作系统将终止子进程。它可以通过两种方式将调试器从子调试器附加到父调试器（请注意，一次只能附加一个调试器）。你可以找到关于这个主题的更多信息

这里有一个实用程序类，用于启动新进程并向其附加调试器。它是由罗杰·纳普改编的。唯一的要求是两个进程需要共享相同的比特数。不能从64位进程调试32位进程，反之亦然

public class ProcessRunner
{
    // see http://csharptest.net/1051/managed-anti-debugging-how-to-prevent-users-from-attaching-a-debugger/
    // see https://stackoverflow.com/a/24012744/2982757

    public Process ChildProcess { get; set; }

    public bool StartProcess(string fileName)
    {
        var processStartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo(fileName)
        {
            UseShellExecute = false,
            WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Normal,
            ErrorDialog = false
        };

        this.ChildProcess = Process.Start(processStartInfo);
        if (ChildProcess == null)
            return false;

        new Thread(NullDebugger) {IsBackground = true}.Start(ChildProcess.Id);
        return true;
    }

    private void NullDebugger(object arg)
    {
        // Attach to the process we provided the thread as an argument
        if (DebugActiveProcess((int) arg))
        {
            var debugEvent = new DEBUG_EVENT {bytes = new byte[1024]};
            while (!this.ChildProcess.HasExited)
            {
                if (WaitForDebugEvent(out debugEvent, 1000))
                {
                    // return DBG_CONTINUE for all events but the exception type
                    var continueFlag = DBG_CONTINUE;
                    if (debugEvent.dwDebugEventCode == DebugEventType.EXCEPTION_DEBUG_EVENT)
                        continueFlag = DBG_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED;
                    ContinueDebugEvent(debugEvent.dwProcessId, debugEvent.dwThreadId, continueFlag);
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            //we were not able to attach the debugger
            //do the processes have the same bitness?
            //throw ApplicationException("Unable to attach debugger") // Kill child? // Send Event? // Ignore?
        }
    }

    #region "API imports"

    private const int DBG_CONTINUE = 0x00010002;
    private const int DBG_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED = unchecked((int) 0x80010001);

    private enum DebugEventType : int
    {
        CREATE_PROCESS_DEBUG_EVENT = 3,
        //Reports a create-process debugging event. The value of u.CreateProcessInfo specifies a CREATE_PROCESS_DEBUG_INFO structure.
        CREATE_THREAD_DEBUG_EVENT = 2,
        //Reports a create-thread debugging event. The value of u.CreateThread specifies a CREATE_THREAD_DEBUG_INFO structure.
        EXCEPTION_DEBUG_EVENT = 1,
        //Reports an exception debugging event. The value of u.Exception specifies an EXCEPTION_DEBUG_INFO structure.
        EXIT_PROCESS_DEBUG_EVENT = 5,
        //Reports an exit-process debugging event. The value of u.ExitProcess specifies an EXIT_PROCESS_DEBUG_INFO structure.
        EXIT_THREAD_DEBUG_EVENT = 4,
        //Reports an exit-thread debugging event. The value of u.ExitThread specifies an EXIT_THREAD_DEBUG_INFO structure.
        LOAD_DLL_DEBUG_EVENT = 6,
        //Reports a load-dynamic-link-library (DLL) debugging event. The value of u.LoadDll specifies a LOAD_DLL_DEBUG_INFO structure.
        OUTPUT_DEBUG_STRING_EVENT = 8,
        //Reports an output-debugging-string debugging event. The value of u.DebugString specifies an OUTPUT_DEBUG_STRING_INFO structure.
        RIP_EVENT = 9,
        //Reports a RIP-debugging event (system debugging error). The value of u.RipInfo specifies a RIP_INFO structure.
        UNLOAD_DLL_DEBUG_EVENT = 7,
        //Reports an unload-DLL debugging event. The value of u.UnloadDll specifies an UNLOAD_DLL_DEBUG_INFO structure.
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    private struct DEBUG_EVENT
    {
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I4)] public DebugEventType dwDebugEventCode;
        public int dwProcessId;
        public int dwThreadId;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 1024)] public byte[] bytes;
    }

    [DllImport("Kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    private static extern bool DebugActiveProcess(int dwProcessId);

    [DllImport("Kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    private static extern bool WaitForDebugEvent([Out] out DEBUG_EVENT lpDebugEvent, int dwMilliseconds);

    [DllImport("Kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    private static extern bool ContinueDebugEvent(int dwProcessId, int dwThreadId, int dwContinueStatus);

    [DllImport("Kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern bool IsDebuggerPresent();

    #endregion
}

用法：

    new ProcessRunner().StartProcess("c:\\Windows\\system32\\calc.exe");

我制作了一个子进程管理库，其中父进程和子进程通过双向WCF管道进行监控。如果子进程终止或父进程彼此终止，则会收到通知。
还有一个调试器帮助程序可用于自动将VS调试器附加到已启动的子进程

项目地点：


NuGet软件包：


此答案以plus others开头（请参阅下面代码中的链接）。改进：


支持32位和64位
修复了@Matt Howells答案中的一些问题：
extendedInfoPtr的小内存泄漏
    new ProcessRunner().StartProcess("c:\\Windows\\system32\\calc.exe");

// Get a Process object somehow.
Process process = Process.Start(exePath, args);
// Add the Process to ChildProcessTracker.
ChildProcessTracker.AddProcess(process);

private const string PipeName = "471450d6-70db-49dc-94af-09d3f3eba529";

public static void Main(string[] args)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Main program running");

    using (NamedPipeServerStream pipe = new NamedPipeServerStream(PipeName, PipeDirection.Out))
    {
        Process.Start("child.exe");

        Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit");
        Console.ReadKey();
    }
}

private const string PipeName = "471450d6-70db-49dc-94af-09d3f3eba529"; // same as parent

public static void Main(string[] args)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Child process running");

    using (NamedPipeClientStream pipe = new NamedPipeClientStream(".", PipeName, PipeDirection.In))
    {
        pipe.Connect();
        pipe.BeginRead(new byte[1], 0, 1, PipeBrokenCallback, pipe);

        Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit");
        Console.ReadKey();
    }
}

private static void PipeBrokenCallback(IAsyncResult ar)
{
    // the pipe was closed (parent process died), so exit the child process too

    try
    {
        NamedPipeClientStream pipe = (NamedPipeClientStream)ar.AsyncState;
        pipe.EndRead(ar);
    }
    catch (IOException) { }

    Environment.Exit(1);
}

var process = Process.Start("program.exe");
AppDomain.CurrentDomain.DomainUnload += (s, e) => { process.Kill(); process.WaitForExit(); };
AppDomain.CurrentDomain.ProcessExit += (s, e) => { process.Kill(); process.WaitForExit(); };
AppDomain.CurrentDomain.UnhandledException += (s, e) => { process.Kill(); process.WaitForExit(); };

    using System.Management;
    using System.Diagnostics;

    ...

    // Called when the Main Window is closed
    protected override void OnClosed(EventArgs EventArgs)
    {
        string query = "Select * From Win32_Process Where ParentProcessId = " + Process.GetCurrentProcess().Id;
        ManagementObjectSearcher searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher(query);
        ManagementObjectCollection processList = searcher.Get();
        foreach (var obj in processList)
        {
            object data = obj.Properties["processid"].Value;
            if (data != null)
            {
                // retrieve the process
                var childId = Convert.ToInt32(data);
                var childProcess = Process.GetProcessById(childId);

                // ensure the current process is still live
                if (childProcess != null) childProcess.Kill();
            }
        }
        Environment.Exit(0);
    }

Process.CurrentProcess.Id;

Process parentProcess = Process.GetProcessById(parentProcessId);
parentProcess.Exited += (s, e) =>
{
    // clean up what you can.
    this.Dispose();
    // maybe log an error
    ....

    // And terminate with prejudice! 
    //(since something has already gone terribly wrong)
    Process.GetCurrentProcess().Kill();
};

    static void Main()
    {
        Application.EnableVisualStyles();
        Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
        try
        {
            Application.Run(new frmMonitorSensors());
        }
        catch(Exception ex)
        {
            CleanUp();
            ErrorLogging.Add(ex.ToString());
        }
    }

    static private void CleanUp()
    {
        List<string> processesToKill = new List<string>() { "Process1", "Process2" };
        foreach (string toKill in processesToKill)
        {
            Process[] processes = Process.GetProcessesByName(toKill);
            foreach (Process p in processes)
            {
                p.Kill();
            }
        }
    }