C# 调用模拟对象的异步方法时出现NullReferenceException

C# 调用模拟对象的异步方法时出现NullReferenceException,c#,unit-testing,asynchronous,mocking,mstest,C#,Unit Testing,Asynchronous,Mocking,Mstest,我正在尝试使用MOQ对以下ViewModel的LoginExecute方法进行单元测试 public class LoginViewModel : ViewModelBase, ILoginViewModel { INavigationService navigationService; IDialogService dialogService; IAdminService adminService; public RelayCommand LoginComma

我正在尝试使用MOQ对以下ViewModel的LoginExecute方法进行单元测试

public class LoginViewModel : ViewModelBase, ILoginViewModel
{
    INavigationService navigationService;
    IDialogService dialogService;
    IAdminService adminService;

    public RelayCommand LoginCommand { get; set; }

    private string _productID;

    public string ProductID
    {
        get { return _productID; }
        set
        {
            _productID = value;
            RaisePropertyChanged("ProductID");
        }
    }

    public LoginViewModel(INavigationService navigationService, IDialogService dialogService, IAdminService adminService)
    {
        this.navigationService = navigationService;
        this.dialogService = dialogService;
        this.adminService = adminService;
        InitializeCommands();
    }

    private void InitializeCommands()
    {
        LoginCommand = new RelayCommand(() => LoginExecute());
    }

    public async Task LoginExecute()
    {
        await this.navigationService.TestMethod();
        this.navigationService.Navigate(typeof(ITherapistsViewModel));
    }

    public void Initialize(object parameter)
    {
    }
}
INavigationService看起来像这样

    public interface INavigationService
{
    Frame Frame { get; set; }
    void Navigate(Type type);
    void Navigate(Type type, object parameter);
    Task TestMethod();
    void GoBack();
}
[TestMethod()]
    public async Task LoginCommandTest()
    {
        var navigationService = new Mock<INavigationService>();
        var dialogService = new Mock<IDialogService>();
        var adminService = new Mock<IAdminService>();
        LoginViewModel loginVM = new LoginViewModel(navigationService.Object, dialogService.Object, adminService.Object);

        await loginVM.LoginExecute();

        //Asserts will be here
    }
我的测试是这样的

    public interface INavigationService
{
    Frame Frame { get; set; }
    void Navigate(Type type);
    void Navigate(Type type, object parameter);
    Task TestMethod();
    void GoBack();
}
[TestMethod()]
    public async Task LoginCommandTest()
    {
        var navigationService = new Mock<INavigationService>();
        var dialogService = new Mock<IDialogService>();
        var adminService = new Mock<IAdminService>();
        LoginViewModel loginVM = new LoginViewModel(navigationService.Object, dialogService.Object, adminService.Object);

        await loginVM.LoginExecute();

        //Asserts will be here
    }

被称为NullReferenceException。正在引发NullReferenceException。如果在没有“wait”的情况下调用相同的方法,它将按预期工作。如果在正常的NavigationService实现中调用该方法(而不是模拟),它也可以正常工作。您能帮助我理解为什么异步方法调用会产生NullReferenceException吗?

基于任务的异步模式的一部分是隐式假设,即该方法永远不会返回
null


这意味着对于所有异步方法,都需要模拟实际的返回值。我建议对“同步成功”案例使用
Task.FromResult
,“同步异常”案例使用
TaskCompletionSource
,“异步成功/异常”案例使用
async
lambda with
Task.Delay

我有类似的想法;我在异步任务上设置了回调,代码如下:

var navigationService = new Mock<INavigationService>()
    .Setup(s => s.TestMethod())
    .Callback(...);

今天被这件事抓住了,希望这能对有类似问题的人有所帮助。

今天早上,这件事让我费了好几个小时的劲。