C# ASP.NET核心集成测试在本地工作，但在生产环境中运行时引发空引用异常

我有一个ASP.NETCore2.2RazorPages Web应用程序，我已经为以下内容编写了一些集成测试

我可以使用

dotnettest

或内置在VisualStudio中的测试运行程序在本地运行测试。但是，在构建服务器（Azure DevOps Hosted 2017 agent）上，测试将返回500错误。我认为这可能与上所述的用户机密有关，但即使在实施了他建议的一些修复之后，我仍然会遇到相同的错误（我不认为我需要所有修复）：

• 添加了

  builder.AddUserSecrets（）以启动

• 实现了一个

  CustomWebApplicationFactory

  来将环境设置为“开发”-下面的代码将其作为“生产”来重现故障

我还检查了哪个更关注控制器，但由于我在这一阶段只关心响应代码，这符合我的目的。我已经下载了详细的日志，它们没有对这个问题提供任何帮助

我的代码如下：

CustomWebApplicationFactory：

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AzureAD.UI;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.OpenIdConnect;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Testing;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.TestHost;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;

namespace WebPortal.Int.Tests
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Based on https://fullstackmark.com/post/20/painless-integration-testing-with-aspnet-core-web-api
    /// </summary>
    public class CustomWebApplicationFactory<TStartup> : WebApplicationFactory<Startup> where TStartup : class
    {
        public CustomWebApplicationFactory() { }

        protected override void ConfigureWebHost(IWebHostBuilder builder)
        {
            builder
                .ConfigureTestServices(
                    services =>
                    {
                        services.Configure(AzureADDefaults.OpenIdScheme, (System.Action<OpenIdConnectOptions>)(o =>
                        {
                            // CookieContainer doesn't allow cookies from other paths
                            o.CorrelationCookie.Path = "/";
                            o.NonceCookie.Path = "/";
                        }));
                    }
                )
                .UseEnvironment("Production")
                .UseStartup<Startup>();

        }
    }
}

使用Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AzureAD.UI；
使用Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.OpenIdConnect；
使用Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting；
使用Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Testing；
使用Microsoft.AspNetCore.TestHost；
使用Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection；
命名空间WebPortal.Int.Tests
{
/// 
///基于https://fullstackmark.com/post/20/painless-integration-testing-with-aspnet-core-web-api
/// 
公共类CustomWebApplicationFactory:WebApplicationFactory，其中TStartup:class
{
公共CustomWebApplicationFactory（）{}
受保护的覆盖无效配置WebHost（IWebHostBuilder）
{
建设者
.ConfigureTestServices(
服务=>
{
services.Configure（AzureADDefaults.OpenIdScheme，（System.Action）（o=>
{
//CookieContainer不允许来自其他路径的Cookie
o、 CorrelationCookie.Path=“/”；
o、 nonecookie.Path=“/”；
}));
}
)
.使用环境（“生产”）
.UseStartup（）；
}
}
}

认证测试：

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Testing;
using System;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Xunit;

namespace WebPortal.Int.Tests
{
    public class AuthenticationTests : IClassFixture<CustomWebApplicationFactory<Startup>>
    {
        private HttpClient _httpClient { get; }

        public AuthenticationTests(CustomWebApplicationFactory<Startup> fixture)
        {
            WebApplicationFactoryClientOptions webAppFactoryClientOptions = new WebApplicationFactoryClientOptions
            {
                // Disallow redirect so that we can check the following: Status code is redirect and redirect url is login url
                // As per https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/test/integration-tests?view=aspnetcore-2.2#test-a-secure-endpoint
                AllowAutoRedirect = false
            };

            _httpClient = fixture.CreateClient(webAppFactoryClientOptions);
        }

        [Theory]
        [InlineData("/")]
        [InlineData("/Index")]
        [InlineData("/Error")]
        public async Task Get_PagesNotRequiringAuthenticationWithoutAuthentication_ReturnsSuccessCode(string url)
        {
            // Act
            HttpResponseMessage response = await _httpClient.GetAsync(url);

            // Assert
            try
            {
                response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
            }
            catch (HttpRequestException ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message, ex.InnerException.Message);
            }
        }
    }
}

使用Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Testing；
使用制度；
使用System.Net.Http；
使用System.Threading.Tasks；
使用Xunit；
命名空间WebPortal.Int.Tests
{
公共类身份验证测试：IClassFixture
{
私有HttpClient _HttpClient{get；}
公共身份验证测试（CustomWebApplicationFactoryFixture）
{
WebApplicationFactoryClientOptions webAppFactoryClientOptions=新的WebApplicationFactoryClientOptions
{
//不允许重定向，以便我们可以检查以下内容：状态代码是重定向，重定向url是登录url
//依照https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/test/integration-tests?view=aspnetcore-2.2#测试-安全-端点
AllowAutoRedirect=false
};
_httpClient=fixture.CreateClient（webAppFactoryClientOptions）；
}
[理论]
[在线数据（“/”）]
[在线数据（“/索引”）]
[InlineData（“/Error”）]
公共异步任务Get\u PagesNotRequestingAuthenticationwithoutAuthentication\u返回成功码（字符串url）
{
//表演
HttpResponseMessage response=wait_httpClient.GetAsync（url）；
//断言
尝试
{
response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode（）；
}
捕获（HttpRequestException-ex）
{
Console.WriteLine（例如Message，例如InnerException.Message）；
}
}
}
}

启动：

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using WebPortal.Authentication;
using WebPortal.Common.ConfigurationOptions;
using WebPortal.DataAccess;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AzureAD.UI;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.OpenIdConnect;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;

namespace WebPortal
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            Configuration = configuration;
        }

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options =>
            {
                // This lambda determines whether user consent for non-essential cookies is needed for a given request.
                options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => false;
                options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.None;
            });

            services.AddOptions<PowerBiSettings>()
                .Bind(Configuration.GetSection("PowerBI"))
                .ValidateDataAnnotations()
                .Validate(o => o.AreSettingsValid());

            services.AddOptions<AzureActiveDirectorySettings>()
                .Bind(Configuration.GetSection("AzureAd"))
                .ValidateDataAnnotations()
                .Validate(o => o.AreSettingsValid());

            services.AddAuthentication(AzureADDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
                .AddAzureAD(options => Configuration.Bind("AzureAd", options))
                .AddCookie();

            services.Configure<OpenIdConnectOptions>(AzureADDefaults.OpenIdScheme, options =>
            {
                options.Authority = options.Authority + "/v2.0/";
                options.TokenValidationParameters.ValidateIssuer = false;
            });

            services.AddTransient<Authentication.IAuthenticationHandler, AuthenticationHandler>();
            services.AddTransient<IReportRepository, ReportRepository>();

            services.AddHttpContextAccessor();

            services
                .AddMvc()
                .SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2)
                .AddRazorPagesOptions(options =>
                {
                    options.Conventions.AuthorizePage("/Reports");
                });
        }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
        {
            var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder();

            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();

                builder.AddUserSecrets<Startup>();
            }
            else
            {
                app.UseExceptionHandler("/Error");
                // The default HSTS value is 30 days. You may want to change this for production scenarios, see https://aka.ms/aspnetcore-hsts.
                app.UseHsts();
            }

            app.UseHttpsRedirection();
            app.UseStaticFiles();

            app.UseAuthentication();

            app.UseMvc();
        }
    }
}

使用Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder；
使用Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting；
使用Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc；
使用Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration；
使用Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection；
使用WebPortal.Authentication；
使用WebPortal.Common.ConfigurationOptions；
使用WebPortal.DataAccess；
使用Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication；
使用Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AzureAD.UI；
使用Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.OpenIdConnect；
使用Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http；
命名空间WebPortal
{
公营创业
{
公共启动（IConfiguration配置）
{
配置=配置；
}
公共IConfiguration配置{get；}
//此方法由运行时调用。请使用此方法将服务添加到容器中。
public void配置服务（IServiceCollection服务）
{
配置（选项=>
{
//此lambda确定给定请求是否需要非必要cookie的用户同意。
options.checkApprovered=context=>false；
options.MinimumSameSitePolicy=SameSiteMode.None；
});
services.AddOptions（）
.Bind（Configuration.GetSection（“PowerBI”））
.ValidateDataAnnotations（）
.Validate（o=>o.AreSettingsValid（））；
services.AddOptions（）
.Bind（Configuration.GetSection（“AzureAd”））
.ValidateDataAnnotations（）
.Validate（o=>o.AreSettingsValid（））；
services.AddAuthentication（AzureADDefaults.AuthenticationScheme）
.AddAzureAD（选项=>Configuration.Bind（“AzureAd”，选项））
.AddCookie（）；
配置（AzureADDefaults.OpenIdScheme，选项=>
{
options.Authority=options.Authority+“/v2.0/”；
options.TokenValidationParameters.ValidateIssuer=false；
[xUnit.net 00:00:00.00] xUnit.net VSTest Adapter v2.4.1 (64-bit .NET Core 4.6.27317.07)
[xUnit.net 00:00:01.30]   Discovering: WebPortal.Int.Tests
[xUnit.net 00:00:01.40]   Discovered:  WebPortal.Int.Tests
[xUnit.net 00:00:01.41]   Starting:    WebPortal.Int.Tests
info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.XmlKeyManager[0]
    User profile is available. Using 'C:\Users\VssAdministrator\AppData\Local\ASP.NET\DataProtection-Keys' as key repository and Windows DPAPI to encrypt keys at rest.
info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.XmlKeyManager[58]
    Creating key {dd820f09-8139-4d7d-954a-399923660f42} with creation date 2019-03-18 22:13:27Z, activation date 2019-03-18 22:13:27Z, and expiration date 2019-06-16 22:13:27Z.
info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.Repositories.FileSystemXmlRepository[39]
    Writing data to file 'C:\Users\VssAdministrator\AppData\Local\ASP.NET\DataProtection-Keys\key-dd820f09-8139-4d7d-954a-399923660f42.xml'.
info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost[1]
    Request starting HTTP/2.0 GET http://localhost/Index  
warn: Microsoft.AspNetCore.HttpsPolicy.HttpsRedirectionMiddleware[3]
    Failed to determine the https port for redirect.
fail: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Diagnostics.ExceptionHandlerMiddleware[1]
    An unhandled exception has occurred while executing the request.
System.ArgumentNullException: Value cannot be null.
Parameter name: uriString
at System.Uri..ctor(String uriString)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AzureAD.UI.OpenIdConnectOptionsConfiguration.Configure(String name, OpenIdConnectOptions options)
at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsFactory`1.Create(String name)
at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsMonitor`1.<>c__DisplayClass10_0.<Get>b__0()
at System.Lazy`1.ViaFactory(LazyThreadSafetyMode mode)
at System.Lazy`1.ExecutionAndPublication(LazyHelper executionAndPublication, Boolean useDefaultConstructor)
at System.Lazy`1.CreateValue()
at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsCache`1.GetOrAdd(String name, Func`1 createOptions)
at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsMonitor`1.Get(String name)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AuthenticationHandler`1.InitializeAsync(AuthenticationScheme scheme, HttpContext context)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AuthenticationHandlerProvider.GetHandlerAsync(HttpContext context, String authenticationScheme)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AuthenticationMiddleware.Invoke(HttpContext context)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.StaticFiles.StaticFileMiddleware.Invoke(HttpContext context)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Diagnostics.ExceptionHandlerMiddleware.Invoke(HttpContext context)
fail: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Diagnostics.ExceptionHandlerMiddleware[3]
    An exception was thrown attempting to execute the error handler.
System.ArgumentNullException: Value cannot be null.
Parameter name: uriString
at System.Uri..ctor(String uriString)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AzureAD.UI.OpenIdConnectOptionsConfiguration.Configure(String name, OpenIdConnectOptions options)
at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsFactory`1.Create(String name)
at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsMonitor`1.<>c__DisplayClass10_0.<Get>b__0()
at System.Lazy`1.ViaFactory(LazyThreadSafetyMode mode)
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at System.Lazy`1.CreateValue()
at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsCache`1.GetOrAdd(String name, Func`1 createOptions)
at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsMonitor`1.Get(String name)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AuthenticationHandler`1.InitializeAsync(AuthenticationScheme scheme, HttpContext context)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AuthenticationHandlerProvider.GetHandlerAsync(HttpContext context, String authenticationScheme)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AuthenticationMiddleware.Invoke(HttpContext context)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.StaticFiles.StaticFileMiddleware.Invoke(HttpContext context)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Diagnostics.ExceptionHandlerMiddleware.Invoke(HttpContext context)
info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost[2]
    Request finished in 449.9633ms 500 
info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost[1]
    Request starting HTTP/2.0 GET http://localhost/Error  
fail: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Diagnostics.ExceptionHandlerMiddleware[1]
    An unhandled exception has occurred while executing the request.
System.ArgumentNullException: Value cannot be null.
Parameter name: uriString
at System.Uri..ctor(String uriString)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AzureAD.UI.OpenIdConnectOptionsConfiguration.Configure(String name, OpenIdConnectOptions options)
at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsFactory`1.Create(String name)
at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsMonitor`1.<>c__DisplayClass10_0.<Get>b__0()
at System.Lazy`1.ViaFactory(LazyThreadSafetyMode mode)
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at System.Lazy`1.CreateValue()
at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsCache`1.GetOrAdd(String name, Func`1 createOptions)
at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsMonitor`1.Get(String name)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AuthenticationHandler`1.InitializeAsync(AuthenticationScheme scheme, HttpContext context)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AuthenticationHandlerProvider.GetHandlerAsync(HttpContext context, String authenticationScheme)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AuthenticationMiddleware.Invoke(HttpContext context)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.StaticFiles.StaticFileMiddleware.Invoke(HttpContext context)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Diagnostics.ExceptionHandlerMiddleware.Invoke(HttpContext context)
[xUnit.net 00:00:02.61]     WebPortal.Int.Tests.AuthenticationTests.Get_PagesNotRequiringAuthenticationWithoutAuthentication_ReturnsSuccessCode(url: "/Index") [FAIL]
[xUnit.net 00:00:02.61]       System.ArgumentNullException : Value cannot be null.
[xUnit.net 00:00:02.61]       Parameter name: uriString
[xUnit.net 00:00:02.61]       Stack Trace:
[xUnit.net 00:00:02.61]            at System.Uri..ctor(String uriString)
[xUnit.net 00:00:02.61]            at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AzureAD.UI.OpenIdConnectOptionsConfiguration.Configure(String name, OpenIdConnectOptions options)
[xUnit.net 00:00:02.61]            at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsFactory`1.Create(String name)
[xUnit.net 00:00:02.61]            at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsMonitor`1.<>c__DisplayClass10_0.<Get>b__0()
[xUnit.net 00:00:02.61]            at System.Lazy`1.ViaFactory(LazyThreadSafetyMode mode)
[xUnit.net 00:00:02.61]         --- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
[xUnit.net 00:00:02.61]            at System.Lazy`1.CreateValue()
[xUnit.net 00:00:02.61]            at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsCache`1.GetOrAdd(String name, Func`1 createOptions)
[xUnit.net 00:00:02.61]            at Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsMonitor`1.Get(String name)
[xUnit.net 00:00:02.61]            at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AuthenticationHandler`1.InitializeAsync(AuthenticationScheme scheme, HttpContext context)
[xUnit.net 00:00:02.61]            at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AuthenticationHandlerProvider.GetHandlerAsync(HttpContext context, String authenticationScheme)
[xUnit.net 00:00:02.61]            at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AuthenticationMiddleware.Invoke(HttpContext context)
[xUnit.net 00:00:02.61]            at Microsoft.AspNetCore.StaticFiles.StaticFileMiddleware.Invoke(HttpContext context)
[xUnit.net 00:00:02.61]            at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Diagnostics.ExceptionHandlerMiddleware.Invoke(HttpContext context)
[xUnit.net 00:00:02.61]            at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Diagnostics.ExceptionHandlerMiddleware.Invoke(HttpContext context)
[xUnit.net 00:00:02.61]            at Microsoft.AspNetCore.TestHost.HttpContextBuilder.<>c__DisplayClass10_0.<<SendAsync>b__0>d.MoveNext()
[xUnit.net 00:00:02.61]         --- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
[xUnit.net 00:00:02.61]            at Microsoft.AspNetCore.TestHost.ClientHandler.SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
[xUnit.net 00:00:02.61]            at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Testing.Handlers.CookieContainerHandler.SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
[xUnit.net 00:00:02.61]            at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Testing.Handlers.RedirectHandler.SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)[xUnit.net 00:00:02.63]     WebPortal.Int.Tests.AuthenticationTests.Get_PagesNotRequiringAuthenticationWithoutAuthentication_ReturnsSuccessCode(url: "/Error") [FAIL]
[xUnit.net 00:00:02.64]     WebPortal.Int.Tests.AuthenticationTests.Get_PagesNotRequiringAuthenticationWithoutAuthentication_ReturnsSuccessCode(url: "") [FAIL]

[xUnit.net 00:00:02.61]            at System.Net.Http.HttpClient.FinishSendAsyncBuffered(Task`1 sendTask, HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationTokenSource cts, Boolean disposeCts)
[xUnit.net 00:00:02.61]         D:\a\1\s\WebPortal.Int.Tests\AuthenticationTests.cs(24,0): at WebPortal.Int.Tests.AuthenticationTests.Get_PagesNotRequiringAuthenticationWithoutAuthentication_ReturnsSuccessCode(String url)
[xUnit.net 00:00:02.61]         --- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---