Django rest framework 测试中的reverse（）仅在django rest框架的测试中返回相对URL，这会导致404错误

我正在尝试使用guide测试API的端点。具体来说，此块用于测试get请求：

class GetAllPuppiesTest(TestCase):
    """ Test module for GET all puppies API """

    def setUp(self):
        Puppy.objects.create(
            name='Casper', age=3, breed='Bull Dog', color='Black')
        Puppy.objects.create(
            name='Muffin', age=1, breed='Gradane', color='Brown')
        Puppy.objects.create(
            name='Rambo', age=2, breed='Labrador', color='Black')
        Puppy.objects.create(
            name='Ricky', age=6, breed='Labrador', color='Brown')

    def test_get_all_puppies(self):
        # get API response
        response = client.get(reverse('get_post_puppies'))
        # get data from db
        puppies = Puppy.objects.all()
        serializer = PuppySerializer(puppies, many=True)
        self.assertEqual(response.data, serializer.data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)

当我尝试将其适应我自己的测试时，它看起来是这样的：

from ..models import DemanderFeature, DemanderFeatureCollection

from rest_framework import status
from django.test import TestCase, Client
from django.urls import reverse

from ..serializers import DemanderFeatureCollectionSerializer

class GetAllDemanderFeatureCollections(TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.create(name='testdemanderfeaturecollection0')
        DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.create(name='testdemanderfeaturecollection1')

    def test_get_all_demandercollections(self):
        # get API response
        response = client.get(reverse('demandercollections-list'))
        # get data from db
        demanderfeaturecollections = DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.all()
        serializer = DemanderFeatureCollectionSerializer(demanderfeaturecollections, many=True)
        self.assertEqual(response.data, serializer.data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', include("app.urls")),
    path('api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls')),
]

from django.urls import path, include
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
from app import views

# Create a router and register our viewsets with it.
router = DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'demanders', views.DemanderFeatureViewSet)
router.register(r'demandercollections', views.DemanderFeatureCollectionViewSet, basename="demandercollections")
router.register(r'producers', views.ProducerFeatureViewSet)
router.register(r'producercollections', views.ProducerFeatureCollectionViewSet)
router.register(r'pathfinderrunconfigurations', views.PathfinderRunConfigurationViewSet)
router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)

# The API URLs are now determined automatically by the router.
urlpatterns = [
    path('', include(router.urls)),
]

class DemanderFeatureCollectionViewSet(
    mixins.CreateModelMixin,
    mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
    mixins.ListModelMixin,
    viewsets.GenericViewSet
):

    queryset = DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.all()
    serializer_class = DemanderFeatureCollectionSerializer
    lookup_field = 'name'

    @action(detail=True, methods=["get"])
    def geojson(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        demanders = DemanderFeature.objects.filter(demandercollection=self.get_object())
        return Response(serialize('geojson', demanders, geometry_field='geom', fields=('name',)))

    @action(detail=True, methods=["patch"])
    def commit(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        demandercollection = self.get_object()
        if not request.data["committed"]:
            # User is trying to "uncommit", do not allow this
            return Response("You may not un-commit a DemanderCollection. You must copy it and make modifications on the copy.", status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
        demandercollection.committed = True
        demandercollection.save()
        return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

    def get_queryset(self):
        user = get_object_or_404(User, username=self.request.user)
        return DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.filter(deleted=False).filter(owner=user).order_by("name")

    def perform_create(self, serializer):
        serializer.save(owner=self.request.user)

    def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        demandercollection = self.get_object()
        demandercollection.deleted = True
        demandercollection.save()
        return Response(f"Successfully deleted DemanderCollection.")

class GetAllDemanderFeatureCollections(TestCase):
    """ Test module for GET all puppies API """

    def setUp(self):
        self.test_user = User.objects.create_user('test_user', 'a@b.com', 'test_user')
        self.other_user = User.objects.create_user('other_user', 'a@b.com', 'other_user')
        client.login(username="test_user", password="test_user")
        DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.create(name='testdemanderfeaturecollection0', owner=self.test_user)
        DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.create(name='testdemanderfeaturecollection1', owner=self.test_user)
        DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.create(name='otherdemanderfeaturecollection0', owner=self.other_user)

    def test_get_all_demandercollections_for_user(self):
        # get API response
        response = client.get(reverse('demandercollections-list'))
        # get data from db
        demanderfeaturecollections = DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.filter(owner=self.test_user).all()
        serializer = DemanderFeatureCollectionSerializer(demanderfeaturecollections, many=True)
        self.assertEqual(response.data, serializer.data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)

但是问题是

reverse（）

方法只返回相对URL（

/demandercollections/

），然后

client.get（reverse（…）

返回404。我不明白如何在测试期间强制它使用实际的显式URL

我用的是Django3

我的主URL.py如下所示：

from ..models import DemanderFeature, DemanderFeatureCollection

from rest_framework import status
from django.test import TestCase, Client
from django.urls import reverse

from ..serializers import DemanderFeatureCollectionSerializer

class GetAllDemanderFeatureCollections(TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.create(name='testdemanderfeaturecollection0')
        DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.create(name='testdemanderfeaturecollection1')

    def test_get_all_demandercollections(self):
        # get API response
        response = client.get(reverse('demandercollections-list'))
        # get data from db
        demanderfeaturecollections = DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.all()
        serializer = DemanderFeatureCollectionSerializer(demanderfeaturecollections, many=True)
        self.assertEqual(response.data, serializer.data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', include("app.urls")),
    path('api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls')),
]

from django.urls import path, include
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
from app import views

# Create a router and register our viewsets with it.
router = DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'demanders', views.DemanderFeatureViewSet)
router.register(r'demandercollections', views.DemanderFeatureCollectionViewSet, basename="demandercollections")
router.register(r'producers', views.ProducerFeatureViewSet)
router.register(r'producercollections', views.ProducerFeatureCollectionViewSet)
router.register(r'pathfinderrunconfigurations', views.PathfinderRunConfigurationViewSet)
router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)

# The API URLs are now determined automatically by the router.
urlpatterns = [
    path('', include(router.urls)),
]

class DemanderFeatureCollectionViewSet(
    mixins.CreateModelMixin,
    mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
    mixins.ListModelMixin,
    viewsets.GenericViewSet
):

    queryset = DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.all()
    serializer_class = DemanderFeatureCollectionSerializer
    lookup_field = 'name'

    @action(detail=True, methods=["get"])
    def geojson(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        demanders = DemanderFeature.objects.filter(demandercollection=self.get_object())
        return Response(serialize('geojson', demanders, geometry_field='geom', fields=('name',)))

    @action(detail=True, methods=["patch"])
    def commit(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        demandercollection = self.get_object()
        if not request.data["committed"]:
            # User is trying to "uncommit", do not allow this
            return Response("You may not un-commit a DemanderCollection. You must copy it and make modifications on the copy.", status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
        demandercollection.committed = True
        demandercollection.save()
        return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

    def get_queryset(self):
        user = get_object_or_404(User, username=self.request.user)
        return DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.filter(deleted=False).filter(owner=user).order_by("name")

    def perform_create(self, serializer):
        serializer.save(owner=self.request.user)

    def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        demandercollection = self.get_object()
        demandercollection.deleted = True
        demandercollection.save()
        return Response(f"Successfully deleted DemanderCollection.")

class GetAllDemanderFeatureCollections(TestCase):
    """ Test module for GET all puppies API """

    def setUp(self):
        self.test_user = User.objects.create_user('test_user', 'a@b.com', 'test_user')
        self.other_user = User.objects.create_user('other_user', 'a@b.com', 'other_user')
        client.login(username="test_user", password="test_user")
        DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.create(name='testdemanderfeaturecollection0', owner=self.test_user)
        DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.create(name='testdemanderfeaturecollection1', owner=self.test_user)
        DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.create(name='otherdemanderfeaturecollection0', owner=self.other_user)

    def test_get_all_demandercollections_for_user(self):
        # get API response
        response = client.get(reverse('demandercollections-list'))
        # get data from db
        demanderfeaturecollections = DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.filter(owner=self.test_user).all()
        serializer = DemanderFeatureCollectionSerializer(demanderfeaturecollections, many=True)
        self.assertEqual(response.data, serializer.data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)

我的模块url.py如下所示：

from ..models import DemanderFeature, DemanderFeatureCollection

from rest_framework import status
from django.test import TestCase, Client
from django.urls import reverse

from ..serializers import DemanderFeatureCollectionSerializer

class GetAllDemanderFeatureCollections(TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.create(name='testdemanderfeaturecollection0')
        DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.create(name='testdemanderfeaturecollection1')

    def test_get_all_demandercollections(self):
        # get API response
        response = client.get(reverse('demandercollections-list'))
        # get data from db
        demanderfeaturecollections = DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.all()
        serializer = DemanderFeatureCollectionSerializer(demanderfeaturecollections, many=True)
        self.assertEqual(response.data, serializer.data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', include("app.urls")),
    path('api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls')),
]

from django.urls import path, include
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
from app import views

# Create a router and register our viewsets with it.
router = DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'demanders', views.DemanderFeatureViewSet)
router.register(r'demandercollections', views.DemanderFeatureCollectionViewSet, basename="demandercollections")
router.register(r'producers', views.ProducerFeatureViewSet)
router.register(r'producercollections', views.ProducerFeatureCollectionViewSet)
router.register(r'pathfinderrunconfigurations', views.PathfinderRunConfigurationViewSet)
router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)

# The API URLs are now determined automatically by the router.
urlpatterns = [
    path('', include(router.urls)),
]

class DemanderFeatureCollectionViewSet(
    mixins.CreateModelMixin,
    mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
    mixins.ListModelMixin,
    viewsets.GenericViewSet
):

    queryset = DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.all()
    serializer_class = DemanderFeatureCollectionSerializer
    lookup_field = 'name'

    @action(detail=True, methods=["get"])
    def geojson(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        demanders = DemanderFeature.objects.filter(demandercollection=self.get_object())
        return Response(serialize('geojson', demanders, geometry_field='geom', fields=('name',)))

    @action(detail=True, methods=["patch"])
    def commit(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        demandercollection = self.get_object()
        if not request.data["committed"]:
            # User is trying to "uncommit", do not allow this
            return Response("You may not un-commit a DemanderCollection. You must copy it and make modifications on the copy.", status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
        demandercollection.committed = True
        demandercollection.save()
        return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

    def get_queryset(self):
        user = get_object_or_404(User, username=self.request.user)
        return DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.filter(deleted=False).filter(owner=user).order_by("name")

    def perform_create(self, serializer):
        serializer.save(owner=self.request.user)

    def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        demandercollection = self.get_object()
        demandercollection.deleted = True
        demandercollection.save()
        return Response(f"Successfully deleted DemanderCollection.")

class GetAllDemanderFeatureCollections(TestCase):
    """ Test module for GET all puppies API """

    def setUp(self):
        self.test_user = User.objects.create_user('test_user', 'a@b.com', 'test_user')
        self.other_user = User.objects.create_user('other_user', 'a@b.com', 'other_user')
        client.login(username="test_user", password="test_user")
        DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.create(name='testdemanderfeaturecollection0', owner=self.test_user)
        DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.create(name='testdemanderfeaturecollection1', owner=self.test_user)
        DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.create(name='otherdemanderfeaturecollection0', owner=self.other_user)

    def test_get_all_demandercollections_for_user(self):
        # get API response
        response = client.get(reverse('demandercollections-list'))
        # get data from db
        demanderfeaturecollections = DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.filter(owner=self.test_user).all()
        serializer = DemanderFeatureCollectionSerializer(demanderfeaturecollections, many=True)
        self.assertEqual(response.data, serializer.data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)

views.py中的

DemanderCollectionViewSet

如下所示：

from ..models import DemanderFeature, DemanderFeatureCollection

from rest_framework import status
from django.test import TestCase, Client
from django.urls import reverse

from ..serializers import DemanderFeatureCollectionSerializer

class GetAllDemanderFeatureCollections(TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.create(name='testdemanderfeaturecollection0')
        DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.create(name='testdemanderfeaturecollection1')

    def test_get_all_demandercollections(self):
        # get API response
        response = client.get(reverse('demandercollections-list'))
        # get data from db
        demanderfeaturecollections = DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.all()
        serializer = DemanderFeatureCollectionSerializer(demanderfeaturecollections, many=True)
        self.assertEqual(response.data, serializer.data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', include("app.urls")),
    path('api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls')),
]

from django.urls import path, include
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
from app import views

# Create a router and register our viewsets with it.
router = DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'demanders', views.DemanderFeatureViewSet)
router.register(r'demandercollections', views.DemanderFeatureCollectionViewSet, basename="demandercollections")
router.register(r'producers', views.ProducerFeatureViewSet)
router.register(r'producercollections', views.ProducerFeatureCollectionViewSet)
router.register(r'pathfinderrunconfigurations', views.PathfinderRunConfigurationViewSet)
router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)

# The API URLs are now determined automatically by the router.
urlpatterns = [
    path('', include(router.urls)),
]

class DemanderFeatureCollectionViewSet(
    mixins.CreateModelMixin,
    mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
    mixins.ListModelMixin,
    viewsets.GenericViewSet
):

    queryset = DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.all()
    serializer_class = DemanderFeatureCollectionSerializer
    lookup_field = 'name'

    @action(detail=True, methods=["get"])
    def geojson(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        demanders = DemanderFeature.objects.filter(demandercollection=self.get_object())
        return Response(serialize('geojson', demanders, geometry_field='geom', fields=('name',)))

    @action(detail=True, methods=["patch"])
    def commit(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        demandercollection = self.get_object()
        if not request.data["committed"]:
            # User is trying to "uncommit", do not allow this
            return Response("You may not un-commit a DemanderCollection. You must copy it and make modifications on the copy.", status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
        demandercollection.committed = True
        demandercollection.save()
        return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

    def get_queryset(self):
        user = get_object_or_404(User, username=self.request.user)
        return DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.filter(deleted=False).filter(owner=user).order_by("name")

    def perform_create(self, serializer):
        serializer.save(owner=self.request.user)

    def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        demandercollection = self.get_object()
        demandercollection.deleted = True
        demandercollection.save()
        return Response(f"Successfully deleted DemanderCollection.")

class GetAllDemanderFeatureCollections(TestCase):
    """ Test module for GET all puppies API """

    def setUp(self):
        self.test_user = User.objects.create_user('test_user', 'a@b.com', 'test_user')
        self.other_user = User.objects.create_user('other_user', 'a@b.com', 'other_user')
        client.login(username="test_user", password="test_user")
        DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.create(name='testdemanderfeaturecollection0', owner=self.test_user)
        DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.create(name='testdemanderfeaturecollection1', owner=self.test_user)
        DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.create(name='otherdemanderfeaturecollection0', owner=self.other_user)

    def test_get_all_demandercollections_for_user(self):
        # get API response
        response = client.get(reverse('demandercollections-list'))
        # get data from db
        demanderfeaturecollections = DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.filter(owner=self.test_user).all()
        serializer = DemanderFeatureCollectionSerializer(demanderfeaturecollections, many=True)
        self.assertEqual(response.data, serializer.data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)

回答后编辑 不仅公认的答案确实是罪魁祸首，而且它还揭示了正在创建的

DemanderFeatureCollection

对象也必须使用

owner

属性创建，并且

客户端

对象必须将其

登录（）

方法调用到有效的用户凭据对

因此，测试类必须更新为如下所示：

from ..models import DemanderFeature, DemanderFeatureCollection

from rest_framework import status
from django.test import TestCase, Client
from django.urls import reverse

from ..serializers import DemanderFeatureCollectionSerializer

class GetAllDemanderFeatureCollections(TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.create(name='testdemanderfeaturecollection0')
        DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.create(name='testdemanderfeaturecollection1')

    def test_get_all_demandercollections(self):
        # get API response
        response = client.get(reverse('demandercollections-list'))
        # get data from db
        demanderfeaturecollections = DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.all()
        serializer = DemanderFeatureCollectionSerializer(demanderfeaturecollections, many=True)
        self.assertEqual(response.data, serializer.data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', include("app.urls")),
    path('api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls')),
]

from django.urls import path, include
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
from app import views

# Create a router and register our viewsets with it.
router = DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'demanders', views.DemanderFeatureViewSet)
router.register(r'demandercollections', views.DemanderFeatureCollectionViewSet, basename="demandercollections")
router.register(r'producers', views.ProducerFeatureViewSet)
router.register(r'producercollections', views.ProducerFeatureCollectionViewSet)
router.register(r'pathfinderrunconfigurations', views.PathfinderRunConfigurationViewSet)
router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)

# The API URLs are now determined automatically by the router.
urlpatterns = [
    path('', include(router.urls)),
]

class DemanderFeatureCollectionViewSet(
    mixins.CreateModelMixin,
    mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
    mixins.ListModelMixin,
    viewsets.GenericViewSet
):

    queryset = DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.all()
    serializer_class = DemanderFeatureCollectionSerializer
    lookup_field = 'name'

    @action(detail=True, methods=["get"])
    def geojson(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        demanders = DemanderFeature.objects.filter(demandercollection=self.get_object())
        return Response(serialize('geojson', demanders, geometry_field='geom', fields=('name',)))

    @action(detail=True, methods=["patch"])
    def commit(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        demandercollection = self.get_object()
        if not request.data["committed"]:
            # User is trying to "uncommit", do not allow this
            return Response("You may not un-commit a DemanderCollection. You must copy it and make modifications on the copy.", status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
        demandercollection.committed = True
        demandercollection.save()
        return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

    def get_queryset(self):
        user = get_object_or_404(User, username=self.request.user)
        return DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.filter(deleted=False).filter(owner=user).order_by("name")

    def perform_create(self, serializer):
        serializer.save(owner=self.request.user)

    def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        demandercollection = self.get_object()
        demandercollection.deleted = True
        demandercollection.save()
        return Response(f"Successfully deleted DemanderCollection.")

class GetAllDemanderFeatureCollections(TestCase):
    """ Test module for GET all puppies API """

    def setUp(self):
        self.test_user = User.objects.create_user('test_user', 'a@b.com', 'test_user')
        self.other_user = User.objects.create_user('other_user', 'a@b.com', 'other_user')
        client.login(username="test_user", password="test_user")
        DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.create(name='testdemanderfeaturecollection0', owner=self.test_user)
        DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.create(name='testdemanderfeaturecollection1', owner=self.test_user)
        DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.create(name='otherdemanderfeaturecollection0', owner=self.other_user)

    def test_get_all_demandercollections_for_user(self):
        # get API response
        response = client.get(reverse('demandercollections-list'))
        # get data from db
        demanderfeaturecollections = DemanderFeatureCollection.objects.filter(owner=self.test_user).all()
        serializer = DemanderFeatureCollectionSerializer(demanderfeaturecollections, many=True)
        self.assertEqual(response.data, serializer.data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)

---

在

获取

方法的

DemanderFeatureCollectionViewSet

类中，您使用

字段根据登录用户筛选模型实例

---

在您的测试用例中，您正在创建

DemanderFeatureCollection

实例，而没有链接

用户

，因此DRF会引发HTTP 404错误。因此，将用户附加到实例并使用同一用户发出请求将从API获得正确的响应。

添加您的

DemanderFeatureCollectionViewSet

类以及您一直使用的

reverse（）

函数的引用（重点是，有两个

reverse（）

fun）我将

reverse（）

的导入语句添加到测试代码块，以及

DemanderFeatureCollectionViewSet

的源代码。在基本检查中，我可以看到您正在过滤

get\u queryset（）

和一些

所有者

字段，这可能是404错误的原因，而404错误似乎是问题的症结所在。我不仅没有以测试用户的身份登录is，而且在创建

DemanderFeatureCollection

对象时没有关联的用户作为所有者（似乎我仍然允许创建无所有者的

DemanderFeatureCollection

模型对象，这也是一个问题）。我在

setUp（）。如果你想把你的评论作为回答，我会接受的。