如何使用VBA读取已关闭的excel？

我在一个文件夹中收集了.xls文件。我希望在文件关闭时使用VBA从这些.xls中提取值。

如果您熟悉SQL，则可以对Excel文件运行查询以获取数据。这比打开Excel文件快得多，但Excel文件中的数据需要像SQL表一样组织良好。这里有一个例子。

如果要从关闭的工作簿导入大量数据，可以使用ADO和下面的宏。如果要从已关闭工作簿中第一个工作表以外的其他工作表中检索数据，必须引用用户定义的命名范围。下面的宏可以这样使用（在Excel 2000或更高版本中）： GetDataFromClosedWorkbook“C:\FolderName\WorkbookName.xls”、“A1:B21”、ActiveCell、False GetDataFromClosedWorkbook“C:\FolderName\WorkbookName.xls”，“MyDataRange”，范围（“B3”），True

另一个不使用CopyFromRecordSet方法的方法

使用下面的宏，您可以执行导入，并更好地控制从记录集返回的结果

Sub TestReadDataFromWorkbook()
' fills data from a closed workbook in at the active cell
Dim tArray As Variant, r As Long, c As Long
    tArray = ReadDataFromWorkbook("C:\FolderName\SourceWbName.xls", "A1:B21")
    ' without using the transpose function
    For r = LBound(tArray, 2) To UBound(tArray, 2)
        For c = LBound(tArray, 1) To UBound(tArray, 1)
            ActiveCell.Offset(r, c).Formula = tArray(c, r)
        Next c
    Next r
    ' using the transpose function (has limitations)
'    tArray = Application.WorksheetFunction.Transpose(tArray)
'    For r = LBound(tArray, 1) To UBound(tArray, 1)
'        For c = LBound(tArray, 2) To UBound(tArray, 2)
'            ActiveCell.Offset(r - 1, c - 1).Formula = tArray(r, c)
'        Next c
'    Next r
End Sub

Private Function ReadDataFromWorkbook(SourceFile As String, SourceRange As String) As Variant
' requires a reference to the Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects library
' if SourceRange is a range reference:
'   this function can only return data from the first worksheet in SourceFile
' if SourceRange is a defined name reference:
'   this function can return data from any worksheet in SourceFile
' SourceRange must include the range headers
' examples:
' varRecordSetData = ReadDataFromWorkbook("C:\FolderName\SourceWbName.xls", "A1:A21")
' varRecordSetData = ReadDataFromWorkbook("C:\FolderName\SourceWbName.xls", "A1:B21")
' varRecordSetData = ReadDataFromWorkbook("C:\FolderName\SourceWbName.xls", "DefinedRangeName")
Dim dbConnection As ADODB.Connection, rs As ADODB.Recordset
Dim dbConnectionString As String
    dbConnectionString = "DRIVER={Microsoft Excel Driver (*.xls)};ReadOnly=1;DBQ=" & SourceFile
    Set dbConnection = New ADODB.Connection
    On Error GoTo InvalidInput
    dbConnection.Open dbConnectionString ' open the database connection
    Set rs = dbConnection.Execute("[" & SourceRange & "]")
    On Error GoTo 0
    ReadDataFromWorkbook = rs.GetRows ' returns a two dim array with all records in rs
    rs.Close
    dbConnection.Close ' close the database connection
    Set rs = Nothing
    Set dbConnection = Nothing
    On Error GoTo 0
    Exit Function
InvalidInput:
    MsgBox "The source file or source range is invalid!", vbExclamation, "Get data from closed workbook"
    Set rs = Nothing
    Set dbConnection = Nothing
End Function

&

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从Excel文件中提取数据值总是需要以某种方式打开文件。除其他选项外，您可以禁用屏幕更新，以便用户不会看到该过程。VBA可以很好地完成这项工作，但您仍然需要连接到该文件（它将打开该文件）。过去，我是通过工作簿完成的。打开速度很慢。如何在读取模式下打开它？任何其他更快的建议？在vba中，将文件复制到新位置，打开、读取、关闭、删除。这样，如果没有更多细节，原始文件就不会被触碰。这个问题太广泛了，无法回答。当然有一些方法可以在不打开xls的情况下访问xls中的数据（即不打开工作簿）。哪一个适合你的情况将取决于许多因素

Sub GetDataFromClosedWorkbook(SourceFile As String, SourceRange As String, _
    TargetRange As Range, IncludeFieldNames As Boolean)
' requires a reference to the Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects library
' if SourceRange is a range reference:
'   this will return data from the first worksheet in SourceFile
' if SourceRange is a defined name reference:
'   this will return data from any worksheet in SourceFile
' SourceRange must include the range headers
'
Dim dbConnection As ADODB.Connection, rs As ADODB.Recordset
Dim dbConnectionString As String
Dim TargetCell As Range, i As Integer
    dbConnectionString = "DRIVER={Microsoft Excel Driver (*.xls)};" & _
        "ReadOnly=1;DBQ=" & SourceFile
    Set dbConnection = New ADODB.Connection
    On Error GoTo InvalidInput
    dbConnection.Open dbConnectionString ' open the database connection
    Set rs = dbConnection.Execute("[" & SourceRange & "]")
    Set TargetCell = TargetRange.Cells(1, 1)
    If IncludeFieldNames Then
        For i = 0 To rs.Fields.Count - 1
            TargetCell.Offset(0, i).Formula = rs.Fields(i).Name
        Next i
        Set TargetCell = TargetCell.Offset(1, 0)
    End If
    TargetCell.CopyFromRecordset rs
    rs.Close
    dbConnection.Close ' close the database connection
    Set TargetCell = Nothing
    Set rs = Nothing
    Set dbConnection = Nothing
    On Error GoTo 0
    Exit Sub
InvalidInput:
    MsgBox "The source file or source range is invalid!", _
        vbExclamation, "Get data from closed workbook"
End Sub

Sub TestReadDataFromWorkbook()
' fills data from a closed workbook in at the active cell
Dim tArray As Variant, r As Long, c As Long
    tArray = ReadDataFromWorkbook("C:\FolderName\SourceWbName.xls", "A1:B21")
    ' without using the transpose function
    For r = LBound(tArray, 2) To UBound(tArray, 2)
        For c = LBound(tArray, 1) To UBound(tArray, 1)
            ActiveCell.Offset(r, c).Formula = tArray(c, r)
        Next c
    Next r
    ' using the transpose function (has limitations)
'    tArray = Application.WorksheetFunction.Transpose(tArray)
'    For r = LBound(tArray, 1) To UBound(tArray, 1)
'        For c = LBound(tArray, 2) To UBound(tArray, 2)
'            ActiveCell.Offset(r - 1, c - 1).Formula = tArray(r, c)
'        Next c
'    Next r
End Sub

Private Function ReadDataFromWorkbook(SourceFile As String, SourceRange As String) As Variant
' requires a reference to the Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects library
' if SourceRange is a range reference:
'   this function can only return data from the first worksheet in SourceFile
' if SourceRange is a defined name reference:
'   this function can return data from any worksheet in SourceFile
' SourceRange must include the range headers
' examples:
' varRecordSetData = ReadDataFromWorkbook("C:\FolderName\SourceWbName.xls", "A1:A21")
' varRecordSetData = ReadDataFromWorkbook("C:\FolderName\SourceWbName.xls", "A1:B21")
' varRecordSetData = ReadDataFromWorkbook("C:\FolderName\SourceWbName.xls", "DefinedRangeName")
Dim dbConnection As ADODB.Connection, rs As ADODB.Recordset
Dim dbConnectionString As String
    dbConnectionString = "DRIVER={Microsoft Excel Driver (*.xls)};ReadOnly=1;DBQ=" & SourceFile
    Set dbConnection = New ADODB.Connection
    On Error GoTo InvalidInput
    dbConnection.Open dbConnectionString ' open the database connection
    Set rs = dbConnection.Execute("[" & SourceRange & "]")
    On Error GoTo 0
    ReadDataFromWorkbook = rs.GetRows ' returns a two dim array with all records in rs
    rs.Close
    dbConnection.Close ' close the database connection
    Set rs = Nothing
    Set dbConnection = Nothing
    On Error GoTo 0
    Exit Function
InvalidInput:
    MsgBox "The source file or source range is invalid!", vbExclamation, "Get data from closed workbook"
    Set rs = Nothing
    Set dbConnection = Nothing
End Function