在Ubuntu 18.04服务器上安装Oracle Express Ediion 18c-连接问题

安装
数据库版本：Oracle 18c XE
在运行于Virtual Machine Manager内部的Ubuntu 18.04服务器上

问题
安装Oracle XE 18c后，我以用户Oracle的身份登录并启动侦听器

lsnrctl start

当我尝试连接时，存在以下问题：

A.使用：

sqlplus / as sysdba

  # listener.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE/network/admin/listener.ora  
  # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.  

DEFAULT_SERVICE_LISTENER = XE  

LISTENER =  
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =  
    (DESCRIPTION =  
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ubu-srv)(PORT = 1521))  
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))  
    )  
  )  

  # tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE/network/admin/tnsnames.ora  
  # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.  

LISTENER_XE =  
  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ubu-srv)(PORT = 1521))  

=>

B.使用：

sqlplus oracle@ubu-srv as sysdba  

lsnrctl status 

=>

检查侦听器：

sqlplus oracle@ubu-srv as sysdba  

lsnrctl status 

=>

侦听器的内容。ora:

sqlplus / as sysdba

  # listener.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE/network/admin/listener.ora  
  # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.  

DEFAULT_SERVICE_LISTENER = XE  

LISTENER =  
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =  
    (DESCRIPTION =  
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ubu-srv)(PORT = 1521))  
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))  
    )  
  )  

  # tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE/network/admin/tnsnames.ora  
  # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.  

LISTENER_XE =  
  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ubu-srv)(PORT = 1521))  

tnsnames.ora的内容：

sqlplus / as sysdba

  # listener.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE/network/admin/listener.ora  
  # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.  

DEFAULT_SERVICE_LISTENER = XE  

LISTENER =  
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =  
    (DESCRIPTION =  
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ubu-srv)(PORT = 1521))  
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))  
    )  
  )  

  # tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE/network/admin/tnsnames.ora  
  # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.  

LISTENER_XE =  
  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ubu-srv)(PORT = 1521))  

---

数据库似乎没有运行，或者它没有向网络侦听器注册。如果数据库正在运行，则在运行“lsnrctl status”时，应该会看到列出的几个服务，如下所示：

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=dbhost.example.com)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Default Service           XE
Listener Parameter File   /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/dbhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=dbhost.example.com)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=dbhost.example.com)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/opt/oracle/admin/XE/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
Services Summary...
Service "77f81bd10c818208e053410cc40aef5a" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "XE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "XE" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "XE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "XEXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "XE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "xepdb1" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "XE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

您不需要为选项A运行侦听器，从同一主机连接，但需要设置ORACLE_SID环境变量以匹配要连接到的数据库（容器或可插拔数据库）的SID。要连接到容器数据库，以及手动启动所有数据库服务，您可以执行以下操作：

export ORACLE_SID=XE
sqlplus / as sysdba

对于选项B（通过网络连接），连接字符串的格式也不正确；除了主机名之外，它通常还应该包括一个服务名（最小值）。有关示例，请参见此处：

---

也就是说，Oracle没有通过Ubuntu Linux的认证，所以结果不能保证。您应该在CentOS、Red Hat或Oracle Linux上运行此功能。受支持的Linux版本的完整列表如下：

侦听器没有列出任何服务名称，因为数据库很可能根本没有运行。您必须具有要连接的服务名称；你以后不会明白的。非常感谢你详细的回答。我尝试了两个版本的sqlplus connect，如您所解释的。第一个on导致

错误：ORA-12547:TNS:lost contact

，第二个

ORA-12514:TNS:listener当前不知道连接描述符中请求的服务。我认为提示是
lsnrctlstatus=>侦听器不支持上面列出的服务。但我不知道下一步该做什么。启动数据库。它没有运行，因此没有可连接的内容。这就是为什么侦听器说没有注册任何服务。如果数据库本身无法启动，请使用受支持的操作系统（不是Ubuntu）并重新安装。我将继续尝试在Ubuntu 18.04上安装。。与此同时，我会让这个问题悬而未决。