fortran 2003的完整面向对象示例？ 能有人给我举个例子，它是如何针对一个简单的FORTRAN 2003面向对象布局的，它与这个C++代码相当： stefanos-imac:tmp borini$ more Animal.h class Animal { public: Animal(int age); ~Animal(); virtual void speak(); int getAge(); private: int age; }; stefanos-imac:tmp borini$ more Animal.cpp #include <Animal.h> #include <iostream> Animal::Animal(int age) { std::cout << "init animal" << age << std::endl; this->age = age; } Animal::~Animal() { std::cout << "dtor animal" << std::endl; } void Animal::speak() { std::cout << "speak not reimplemented" << std::endl; } int Animal::getAge() { return this->age; } stefanos-imac:tmp borini$ more Cat.h #include <Animal.h> class Cat : public Animal { public: Cat(int age); ~Cat(); virtual void speak(); }; stefanos-imac:tmp borini$ more Cat.cpp #include <Cat.h> #include <iostream> Cat::Cat(int age) : Animal(age) { std::cout << "init cat" << std::endl; } Cat::~Cat() { std::cout << "dtor cat" << std::endl; } void Cat::speak() { std::cout << "meow" << std::endl; } stefanos-imac:tmp borini$ more main.cpp #include <iostream> #include <Cat.h> int main() { Cat c(10); std::cout << c.getAge() <<std::endl; c.speak(); }

特别是，我不清楚如何初始化基类，以及如何为派生类定义析构函数

谢谢

这是错误的。CatType没有AnimalType组件。它扩展了AnimalType类型。ctor是一个子例程，您可以将其用作函数。我建议您将构造函数定义为一个函数（但更多的是初始化，而不是分配），但也可以使用子例程。可以像使用接口块一样使用接口块来实现与类名相同的名称，但如果将其定义为子例程，则必须保持一致并使用

CALL

---

在派生类的构造函数中，您可以只设置正确的组件，或者使用基类的构造函数。请不要忘记为您的类型编写正确的工作用户定义赋值。

实际上，Fortran 2008标准（标准最新草案的第4.5.7.2.2条——ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 5/N1830）规定扩展类型具有标量、非指针、不可分配，具有父类型的类型和类型参数的父组件。此组件的名称是父类型名称。这使得你的第一句话不正确。我手头没有Fortran 2003标准，但我怀疑该语言的这一方面在不同标准之间发生了变化。不过，我同意你其余答案的主旨。好的，谢谢。也许我读过，但我肯定忘了。

stefanos-imac:oop borini$ more Animal.f90 
module AnimalModule
   implicit none
   private
   public :: AnimalType

   type :: AnimalType
      private
      integer :: age
   contains
      procedure :: getAge 
      procedure :: speak
      final :: dtor
   end type

   interface AnimalType
      module procedure ctor
   end interface
contains 
   subroutine ctor(self, age)
      type(AnimalType), intent(inout) :: self
      integer :: age
      print *, "Constructor Animal"
      self%age = age
   end subroutine 
   subroutine dtor(self)
      type(AnimalType), intent(inout) :: self
      print *, "Destroying animal"
   end subroutine 

   function getAge(self)
      class(AnimalType), intent(inout) :: self
      integer :: getAge
      getAge = self%age
   end function
   subroutine speak(self)
      class(AnimalType), intent(in) :: self

      print *, "Animal::speak not overridden"
   end subroutine
end

stefanos-imac:oop borini$ more Cat.f90 
module CatModule
   use AnimalModule
   implicit none
   private

   type, extends(AnimalType) :: CatType
      private
   contains
      procedure :: speak 
      final :: dtor
   end type

   interface CatType
      module procedure ctor
   end interface

contains 
   subroutine ctor(self, age)
      type(CatType), intent(inout) :: self
      integer, intent(in) :: age
      print *, "Constructor Cat"
      self%AnimalType = AnimalType(age)
   end subroutine 
   subroutine dtor(self)
      type(CatType), intent(inout) :: self
      print *, "Destroying Cat"
   end subroutine 
   subroutine speak(self)
      class(CatType), intent(in) :: self

      print *, "Meow"
   end subroutine
end

stefanos-imac:oop borini$ ifort Animal.f90 Cat.f90 
Cat.f90(10): error #8341: Final subroutines are not inherited through type extension and cannot be overridden.   [DTOR]
      final :: dtor
---------------^
Cat.f90(22): error #6292: The parent type of this field is use associated with the PRIVATE fields attribute   [AGE]
      self%AnimalType = AnimalType(age)
-----------------------------------^
compilation aborted for Cat.f90 (code 1)
stefanos-imac:oop borini$ 

   subroutine ctor(self, age)
      type(CatType), intent(inout) :: self
      integer, intent(in) :: age
      print *, "Constructor Cat"
      self%AnimalType = AnimalType(age)
   end subroutine