GCC错误：架构x86_64的未定义符号

今天我试用了GCC/G++：(

<>我不确定安装了哪些C++标准（C++完全新的），所以我用BREW更新了GCC到最新版本（<代码> BREW安装GCC -头<代码>），但是现在看来最新版本对于我的安装来说是不稳定的。 之前的叮当版本：苹果叮当版本12.0.0（叮当-1200.0.32.27）

之后的叮当版本：Apple叮当版本12.0.0（叮当-1200.0.32.27），但出现以下错误：

ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)

操作系统：macOS@11.0.1

有人知道如何解决这个问题吗？我仍然能够使用g++，只有gcc根本不起作用，不管

-std=

标志与否。安装最新的稳定版本是一个合适的解决方案还是会使情况变得更糟；-）

gcc helloworld.cc-v-o out
Apple clang版本12.0.0（clang-1200.0.32.27）
目标：x86_64-apple-darwin20.1.0
线程模型：posix
InstalledDir:/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/xcodefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin
忽略不存在的目录“/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include/c++/v1”
“/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/toolschains/xcodefault.xctoolschain/usr/bin/clang”-cc1-triple x86_64-apple-macosx11.0.0-Wdeprecated objc isa用法-Werror=disprecated objc isa用法-Werror=implicit function declaration-emit obj-mrelax all-disable free-disable llvm verifier-discard value name-main file name helloworld.cc-mrelocation model pic-pic level 2-mthread model posix-mframe pointer=all-fno严格返回-masm verbose-munwind tables-target sdk version=11.0-target cpu penryn-dwarf column info-debugger tuning=lldb-target linker version 609.6-v-resource dir/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/toolschains/XcodeDefault.xtoolschain/usr/lib/clang/12.0.0-isysroot/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk-I/usr/local/include-stdlib=libc++-internal-isystem/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/toolschains/xcodefault.xtoolschain/usr/bin/./include/c++/v1-internal-isystem/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/local/include-internal-isystem/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/toolschains/XcodeDefault.xctolchain/usr/lib/clang/12.0.0/include-internal-externc-isystem/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include-internal-externc isystem/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/sdk/usr/include-internal-externc-isystem/applicator/Xcode.app/Contents/toolschains/xcodefault.xtoolscha-Wno额外半stmt-Wno误导性缩进-Wno引用包含在框架标题中-Wno隐式故障排除-Wno枚举枚举转换-Wno枚举浮点转换-fdeprecated宏-fdebug编译目录“/Users/user/x/y/z/zz/zzz”-ferror limit 19-fmessage length 167-stack protector 1-fstack check-mdarwin stkchk strong link-fblocks-fencode扩展块签名-使用atexit注册全局DTOR-fgnuc version=4.2.1-fobjc runtime=macosx-11.0.0-fcxx异常-fexceptions-fmax type align=16-fdiagnostics show option-fcolor diagnostics-o/VAL/FRID/6QCBHGD2BDPL3TQF7CG27 C000 GN/T/HeloReld3-3E60F0.O-XC++ C+HeloReld.CC
clang-cc1版本12.0.0（clang-1200.0.32.27）默认目标x86_64-apple-darwin20.1.0
忽略不存在的目录“/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/local/include”
忽略不存在的目录“/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/Library/Frameworks”
#包括“…”搜索从这里开始：
#包括搜索从这里开始：
/usr/本地/包括
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/./include/c++/v1
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/lib/clang/12.0.0/include
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/toolschains/xcodefault.xctoolschain/usr/include
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks（框架目录）
搜索列表结束。
“/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/toolschains/xcodefault.xctoolschain/usr/bin/ld”-demangle-lto_library/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/Xcode default.xctoolchain/usr/lib/libLTO.dylib-no_deduplicate-dynamic-arch x86_64-platform_version macos 11.0.0 11.0-syslibroot/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/sdk/MacOSX.sdk-o out-L/usr/local/lib/var/folders/rq/6cbshbgd2bdbpl3tqf7cg27c000gn/T/helloworld-3e60f0.o-lSystem/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/toolschains/XcodeDefault.xtoolchain/usr/lib/clang/12.0.0/lib/darwin/libclang_rt.osx.a
架构x86_64的未定义符号：
“std:：uu 1:：locale:：use_facet（std:：u 1:：locale:：id&）const”，引用自：
std:：_1:：ctype const&std:_1:：在helloworld-3e60f0.o中使用方面（std:_1:：locale const&）
“std:：_1:：ios_base:：getloc（）const”，引用自：
helloworld-3e60f0.o中的std:：_1:：基本_ios:：加宽（char）常量
“std:：_1:：基本字符串：：_init（无符号长字符）”，引用自：
helloworld-3e60f0.o中的std:：_1:：basic_string:：basic_string（无符号长字符）
“std:：uu 1:：basic_string:：~basic_string（）”，引用自：
helloworld-3e60f0.o中的std:：：uuu 1:：ostreambuf_迭代器std:：uuu 1:：uu pad_和u输出（std:：uuu 1:：ostreambuf_迭代器，char const*，char const*，std:u 1:：ios_base&，char）
“std:：_1:：basic_ostream:：put（char）”，引用自：
helloworld-3e60f0.o中的std:：_1:：basic_ostream和std:_1:：endl（std:：_1:：basic_ostream&）
“std:：u_1:
gcc helloworld.cc -v -o out
Apple clang version 12.0.0 (clang-1200.0.32.27)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin20.1.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin
ignoring nonexistent directory "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include/c++/v1"
 "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang" -cc1 -triple x86_64-apple-macosx11.0.0 -Wdeprecated-objc-isa-usage -Werror=deprecated-objc-isa-usage -Werror=implicit-function-declaration -emit-obj -mrelax-all -disable-free -disable-llvm-verifier -discard-value-names -main-file-name helloworld.cc -mrelocation-model pic -pic-level 2 -mthread-model posix -mframe-pointer=all -fno-strict-return -masm-verbose -munwind-tables -target-sdk-version=11.0 -target-cpu penryn -dwarf-column-info -debugger-tuning=lldb -target-linker-version 609.6 -v -resource-dir /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/lib/clang/12.0.0 -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk -I/usr/local/include -stdlib=libc++ -internal-isystem /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1 -internal-isystem /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/local/include -internal-isystem /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/lib/clang/12.0.0/include -internal-externc-isystem /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include -internal-externc-isystem /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/include -Wno-reorder-init-list -Wno-implicit-int-float-conversion -Wno-c99-designator -Wno-final-dtor-non-final-class -Wno-extra-semi-stmt -Wno-misleading-indentation -Wno-quoted-include-in-framework-header -Wno-implicit-fallthrough -Wno-enum-enum-conversion -Wno-enum-float-conversion -fdeprecated-macro -fdebug-compilation-dir "/Users/user/x/y/z/zz/zzz" -ferror-limit 19 -fmessage-length 167 -stack-protector 1 -fstack-check -mdarwin-stkchk-strong-link -fblocks -fencode-extended-block-signature -fregister-global-dtors-with-atexit -fgnuc-version=4.2.1 -fobjc-runtime=macosx-11.0.0 -fcxx-exceptions -fexceptions -fmax-type-align=16 -fdiagnostics-show-option -fcolor-diagnostics -o /var/folders/rq/6cbshbgd2bdbpl3tqf7cg27c0000gn/T/helloworld-3e60f0.o -x c++ helloworld.cc
clang -cc1 version 12.0.0 (clang-1200.0.32.27) default target x86_64-apple-darwin20.1.0
ignoring nonexistent directory "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/local/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/Library/Frameworks"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 /usr/local/include
 /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1
 /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/lib/clang/12.0.0/include
 /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include
 /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/include
 /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
End of search list.
 "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ld" -demangle -lto_library /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/lib/libLTO.dylib -no_deduplicate -dynamic -arch x86_64 -platform_version macos 11.0.0 11.0 -syslibroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk -o out -L/usr/local/lib /var/folders/rq/6cbshbgd2bdbpl3tqf7cg27c0000gn/T/helloworld-3e60f0.o -lSystem /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/lib/clang/12.0.0/lib/darwin/libclang_rt.osx.a
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
  "std::__1::locale::use_facet(std::__1::locale::id&) const", referenced from:
      std::__1::ctype<char> const& std::__1::use_facet<std::__1::ctype<char> >(std::__1::locale const&) in helloworld-3e60f0.o
  "std::__1::ios_base::getloc() const", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_ios<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::widen(char) const in helloworld-3e60f0.o
  "std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::__init(unsigned long, char)", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::basic_string(unsigned long, char) in helloworld-3e60f0.o
  "std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()", referenced from:
      std::__1::ostreambuf_iterator<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> > std::__1::__pad_and_output<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::ostreambuf_iterator<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >, char const*, char const*, char const*, std::__1::ios_base&, char) in helloworld-3e60f0.o
  "std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::put(char)", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >& std::__1::endl<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&) in helloworld-3e60f0.o
  "std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::flush()", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >& std::__1::endl<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&) in helloworld-3e60f0.o
  "std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::sentry::sentry(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&)", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >& std::__1::__put_character_sequence<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&, char const*, unsigned long) in helloworld-3e60f0.o
  "std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::sentry::~sentry()", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >& std::__1::__put_character_sequence<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&, char const*, unsigned long) in helloworld-3e60f0.o
  "std::__1::cout", referenced from:
      _main in helloworld-3e60f0.o
  "std::__1::ctype<char>::id", referenced from:
      std::__1::ctype<char> const& std::__1::use_facet<std::__1::ctype<char> >(std::__1::locale const&) in helloworld-3e60f0.o
  "std::__1::locale::~locale()", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_ios<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::widen(char) const in helloworld-3e60f0.o
  "std::__1::ios_base::__set_badbit_and_consider_rethrow()", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >& std::__1::__put_character_sequence<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&, char const*, unsigned long) in helloworld-3e60f0.o
  "std::__1::ios_base::clear(unsigned int)", referenced from:
      std::__1::ios_base::setstate(unsigned int) in helloworld-3e60f0.o
  "std::terminate()", referenced from:
      ___clang_call_terminate in helloworld-3e60f0.o
  "___cxa_begin_catch", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >& std::__1::__put_character_sequence<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&, char const*, unsigned long) in helloworld-3e60f0.o
      ___clang_call_terminate in helloworld-3e60f0.o
  "___cxa_call_unexpected", referenced from:
      std::__1::ostreambuf_iterator<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::ostreambuf_iterator(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&) in helloworld-3e60f0.o
  "___cxa_end_catch", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >& std::__1::__put_character_sequence<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&, char const*, unsigned long) in helloworld-3e60f0.o
  "___gxx_personality_v0", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >& std::__1::__put_character_sequence<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&, char const*, unsigned long) in helloworld-3e60f0.o
      std::__1::ostreambuf_iterator<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> > std::__1::__pad_and_output<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::ostreambuf_iterator<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >, char const*, char const*, char const*, std::__1::ios_base&, char) in helloworld-3e60f0.o
      std::__1::ostreambuf_iterator<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::ostreambuf_iterator(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&) in helloworld-3e60f0.o
      std::__1::basic_ios<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::widen(char) const in helloworld-3e60f0.o
      Dwarf Exception Unwind Info (__eh_frame) in helloworld-3e60f0.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)

export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH