Java 在WebSphere上将应用程序升级到Spring 5时出错：Provider org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer不是子类型

我正在尝试将现有的Spring 4应用程序迁移到WebSphere 8.5.5.14上的Spring 5，但该应用程序无法启动，出现以下错误：

java.util.ServiceConfigurationError: javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer: Provider org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer not a subtype
    at java.util.ServiceLoader.fail(ServiceLoader.java:250)
    at java.util.ServiceLoader.access$300(ServiceLoader.java:196)
    at java.util.ServiceLoader$LazyIterator.nextService(ServiceLoader.java:387)
    at java.util.ServiceLoader$LazyIterator.next(ServiceLoader.java:415)
    at java.util.ServiceLoader$1.next(ServiceLoader.java:491)
    at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.webapp.WebAppImpl.initializeServletContainerInitializers(WebAppImpl.java:537)
    at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.webapp.WebAppImpl.initialize(WebAppImpl.java:410)
    at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.webapp.WebGroupImpl.addWebApplication(WebGroupImpl.java:88)
    at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.VirtualHostImpl.addWebApplication(VirtualHostImpl.java:171)
    at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.WSWebContainer.addWebApp(WSWebContainer.java:904)
    at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.WSWebContainer.addWebApplication(WSWebContainer.java:789)
    at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.component.WebContainerImpl.install(WebContainerImpl.java:427)
    at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.component.WebContainerImpl.start(WebContainerImpl.java:719)
    at com.ibm.ws.runtime.component.ApplicationMgrImpl.start(ApplicationMgrImpl.java:1211)
    at com.ibm.ws.runtime.component.DeployedApplicationImpl.fireDeployedObjectStart(DeployedApplicationImpl.java:1450)
    at com.ibm.ws.runtime.component.DeployedModuleImpl.start(DeployedModuleImpl.java:639)
    at com.ibm.ws.runtime.component.DeployedApplicationImpl.start(DeployedApplicationImpl.java:1032)
    at com.ibm.ws.runtime.component.ApplicationMgrImpl.startApplication(ApplicationMgrImpl.java:795)
    at com.ibm.ws.runtime.component.ApplicationMgrImpl.startApplicationDynamically(ApplicationMgrImpl.java:1413)
    at com.ibm.ws.runtime.component.ApplicationMgrImpl.start(ApplicationMgrImpl.java:2273)
    at com.ibm.ws.runtime.component.CompositionUnitMgrImpl.start(CompositionUnitMgrImpl.java:436)
    at com.ibm.ws.runtime.component.CompositionUnitImpl.start(CompositionUnitImpl.java:123)
    at com.ibm.ws.runtime.component.CompositionUnitMgrImpl.start(CompositionUnitMgrImpl.java:379)
    at com.ibm.ws.runtime.component.CompositionUnitMgrImpl.access$500(CompositionUnitMgrImpl.java:127)
    at com.ibm.ws.runtime.component.CompositionUnitMgrImpl$1.run(CompositionUnitMgrImpl.java:654)
    at com.ibm.ws.security.auth.ContextManagerImpl.runAs(ContextManagerImpl.java:5572)
    at com.ibm.ws.security.auth.ContextManagerImpl.runAsSystem(ContextManagerImpl.java:5698)
    at com.ibm.ws.security.core.SecurityContext.runAsSystem(SecurityContext.java:255)
    at com.ibm.ws.runtime.component.CompositionUnitMgrImpl.startCompositionUnit(CompositionUnitMgrImpl.java:668)
    at com.ibm.ws.runtime.component.CompositionUnitMgrImpl.startCompositionUnit(CompositionUnitMgrImpl.java:612)
    at com.ibm.ws.runtime.component.ApplicationMgrImpl.startApplication(ApplicationMgrImpl.java:1303)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:90)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:55)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:508)
    at sun.reflect.misc.Trampoline.invoke(MethodUtil.java:83)
    at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor165.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:55)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:508)
    at sun.reflect.misc.MethodUtil.invoke(MethodUtil.java:287)
    at javax.management.modelmbean.RequiredModelMBean$4.run(RequiredModelMBean.java:1263)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(AccessController.java:666)
    at java.security.ProtectionDomain$JavaSecurityAccessImpl.doIntersectionPrivilege(ProtectionDomain.java:91)
    at javax.management.modelmbean.RequiredModelMBean.invokeMethod(RequiredModelMBean.java:1257)
    at javax.management.modelmbean.RequiredModelMBean.invoke(RequiredModelMBean.java:1096)
    at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:831)
    at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:813)
    at com.ibm.ws.management.AdminServiceImpl$1.run(AdminServiceImpl.java:1350)
    at com.ibm.ws.security.util.AccessController.doPrivileged(AccessController.java:118)
    at com.ibm.ws.management.AdminServiceImpl.invoke(AdminServiceImpl.java:1243)
    at com.ibm.ws.management.connector.AdminServiceDelegator.invoke(AdminServiceDelegator.java:181)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:90)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:55)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:508)
    at com.ibm.ws.management.connector.soap.SOAPConnector.invoke(SOAPConnector.java:488)
    at com.ibm.ws.management.connector.soap.SOAPConnector.service(SOAPConnector.java:322)
    at com.ibm.ws.management.connector.soap.SOAPConnection.handleRequest(SOAPConnection.java:65)
    at com.ibm.ws.http.HttpConnection.readAndHandleRequest(HttpConnection.java:733)
    at com.ibm.ws.http.HttpConnection.run(HttpConnection.java:522)
    at com.ibm.ws.util.ThreadPool$Worker.run(ThreadPool.java:1892)

我已经将类加载器顺序设置为PARENT_LAST，将WAS类加载器策略设置为SINGLE（该.ear只包含一个.war模块）

应用程序库中的依赖项与web应用程序服务器提供的依赖项之间似乎存在冲突，但不知道如何解决。以下是project.pom中声明的依赖项：

<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <!-- Spring Dependencies -->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.ws</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-ws-core</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.10.RELEASE</version>
        <exclusions>
          <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
          </exclusion>
          <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
          </exclusion>
          <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
          </exclusion>
          <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
          </exclusion>
          <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
          </exclusion>
      </exclusions>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        <version>5.3.0</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
        <version>5.3.0</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>5.3.0</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
        <version>5.3.0</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
        <version>5.3.0</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
        <version>5.3.0</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>5.3.0</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.5.RELEASE</version>
        <exclusions>
          <exclusion>
            <groupId>aopalliance</groupId>
            <artifactId>aopalliance</artifactId>
          </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.5.RELEASE</version>
        <exclusions>
          <exclusion>
            <groupId>aopalliance</groupId>
            <artifactId>aopalliance</artifactId>
          </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
      </dependency>

      <!-- Logging Dependencies -->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
        <version>1.7.25</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
        <version>1.2</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
      </dependency>

      <!--Other Dependencies-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>javax</groupId>
        <artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId>
        <version>8.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
        <exclusions>
          <exclusion>
            <artifactId>activation</artifactId>
            <groupId>javax.activation</groupId>
          </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
        <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
        <version>1.9.3</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.el</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.0</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.hibernate.validator</groupId>
        <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
        <version>6.1.5.Final</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
        <version>2.6</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
        <artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.1.Final</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
        <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
        <version>20.0</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
        <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
        <version>2.9.8</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
        <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
        <version>4.5.8</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.owasp.esapi</groupId>
        <artifactId>esapi</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.0.1</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>xerces</groupId>
        <artifactId>xercesImpl</artifactId>
        <version>2.12.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <!-- Test Dependencies -->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
        <version>2.3.1.RELEASE</version>
        <exclusions>
          <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-to-slf4j</artifactId>
          </exclusion>
          <exclusion>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
          </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
        <version>2.3.1.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.integration</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-integration-test</artifactId>
        <version>5.3.0.RELEASE</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
        <artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId>
        <version>1.9.5</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
      
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

org.springframework.ws
SpringWS核心
3.0.10.1发布
org.springframework
弹簧芯
org.springframework
春豆
org.springframework
spring上下文
org.springframework
春季aop
org.springframework
弹簧式
org.springframework
弹簧芯
5.3.0
org.springframework
春季aop
5.3.0
org.springframework
spring上下文
5.3.0
org.springframework
spring上下文支持
5.3.0
org.springframework
弹簧网
5.3.0
org.springframework
SpringJDBC
5.3.0
org.springframework
SpringWebMVC
5.3.0
org.springframework.security
spring安全配置
5.2.5.1发布
奥帕林
奥帕林
org.springframework.security
spring安全网
5.2.5.1发布
奥帕林
奥帕林
org.slf4j
jcl-over-slf4j
1.7.25
公用记录
公用记录
1.2
假如
爪哇
JavaEEAPI
8
假如
激活
javax.activation
org.aspectj
aspectjweaver
1.9.3
javax.el
javax.el-api
3.0.0
org.hibernate.validator
休眠验证器
6.1.5.最终版本
公地郎
公地郎
2.6
javax.validation
验证api
2.0.1.最终版本
番石榴
番石榴
20
com.fasterxml.jackson.core
杰克逊注释
2.9.8
org.apache.httpcomponents
httpclient
4.5.8
org.owasp.esapi
埃萨皮
2.1.0.1
薛西斯
干细胞移植
2.12.0
org.springframework.boot
弹簧起动试验
测试
2.3.1.1发布
org.apache.logging.log4j
log4j-to-slf4j
回写
回归经典
org.springframework.boot
弹簧启动机tomcat
测试
2.3.1.1发布
org.springframework.integration
弹簧集成试验
5.3.0.1发布
测试
org.mockito
莫基托所有
1.9.5
测试

---

我浏览了这个论坛和其他论坛，但到目前为止，我还没有找到解决这个问题的办法。你知道如何解决这个问题吗？

经过几次尝试，我们终于找到了解决这个问题的方法。对我们有效的解决方案是：

将WAR类加载器策略设置恢复为“应用程序中每个WAR文件的类加载器”（也称为多个），这是标准选项

排除对javax.servlet-api的所有可传递依赖项。pom中还有其他内部依赖项，它们具有不同版本的ServletAPI作为可传递依赖项，并且与服务器库不匹配，因此我们排除了它们

将servlet api添加为范围为“test”的显式依赖项：

javax.servlet
javax.servlet-api
4.0.1
测试

之后，应用程序启动并运行良好。我希望它能帮助那些面临类似问题的人

<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
    <version>4.0.1</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>