Java ApplicationContext始终为空

我正在开发一个Spring3Web服务应用程序，我试图从servlett.xml文件中加载ApplicationContext，以便与一个简单的测试用例一起使用，但它不起作用

ApplicationContext始终为空

这是我的测试代码：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
    @ContextConfiguration(locations = { "file:war/WEB-INF/FreedomSpring-servlett.xml" })
    public class UserControllerTest {

        private UserController controller;

        @Inject
        private ApplicationContext applicationContext;

        private String jsonUser = "{ \"username\":\"jonneymendoza\",\"emailAddress\":\"jon@google.com\", \"password\":\"12345678\",\"firstName\":\"jono\", \"surname\":\"richy\", \"country\":\"united kingdom\",\"bio\":\"Bio stuff goes here about the user. where he comes from etc etc. all is well. lets go go go\" }";

        @Before
        public void setup() {
            controller = new UserController();

            assertNotNull(applicationContext);

        }

        @Test
        public void testLogin() {
            fail("Not yet implemented");
        }

        @Test
        public void testCreateNewAccount() {

            ResponseEntity<String> response = controller
                    .createNewAccount(new HttpEntity<String>(jsonUser));
            assertEquals(HttpStatus.CREATED, response.getStatusCode());

        }

        @Test
        public void testGetUserProfile() {
            fail("Not yet implemented");
        }

    }

定义我的服务bean的xml文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd">


    <!-- Define services here-->

    <bean id="userService" class="com.jr.freedom.user.UserService"></bean>



</beans>

---

似乎

@RunWith（SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class）

注释丢失了，或者只是复制和粘贴时的一个错误？

不是真正的答案，但希望它能帮助您排除故障（对我来说是这样）。向类中添加

@RunWith（SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class）

，如下所示：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"file:///c:/project/target/META-INF/spring/applicationContext.xml"})
public class SpringContextTest {
   ...
}

这将至少为您提供日志记录，因此更容易查看发生了什么。要么是不正确的文件路径，要么是上下文定义中的问题，例如无效的bean定义

注意：不要管绝对路径在我的例子中，这是一个实验的一部分-它应该真正依赖于

类路径：

位置

---

更新：更新的stacktrace表明，在运行测试时，类路径上没有Java Servlets API（Java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError:javax/servlet/ServletException）。确保在类路径中包含jar

servlet-api-2.5.jar

（或类似内容）。

我也为这个问题挣扎了3-4个小时。但最后，当我将下面的代码添加到测试类中时

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)  
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "file:///D:/PRMS_Workspace/PRMS/WebContent/WEB-INF/dispatcher-servlet.xml" }) 

---

成功了。

如果您使用的是文件，则可能需要确保（a）已明确设置测试执行目录，或（b）指定完整的路径名。在我看来，只使用类路径资源要容易得多。当你的应用程序试图构建

ApplicationContext

时，你能看到日志吗？一定有错误，您可以从该日志中获得帮助。我已经在“file:war/WEB-INF/FreedomSpring servlett.xml”下指定了完整的路径名，但它似乎不起作用？@DaveNewton问题是WEB-INF不在类路径中。是的，它不在类路径中。这是创建简单spring mvc/web服务的标准方法谢谢。我现在得到以下信息：原因：java.io.FileNotFoundException:无法打开类路径资源[database.properties]，因为它不存在，这表明它找不到我的database.properties文件？它与web-inf下的FreedomSpring-servlet.xml文件位于完全相同的位置。有关完整的servlet.xml代码，请参见OP。也许我需要再次指定完整路径？是的，但通常它会尝试在类路径上查找属性。确保它在课堂上进行测试。谢谢你的朋友。我修复了这个问题，但现在又遇到了另一个问题，但无论如何，获取applicationContext的初始问题已经修复，因此我将关闭此线程，并将您的答案标记为已回答的答案。再次感谢

log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner).
log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.
log4j:WARN See http://logging.apache.org/log4j/1.2/faq.html#noconfig for more info.
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/ServletException
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClassCond(ClassLoader.java:631)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:615)
    at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:141)
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:283)
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$000(URLClassLoader.java:58)
    at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:197)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:190)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:306)
    at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:301)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:247)
    at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods0(Native Method)
    at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredMethods(Class.java:2427)
    at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods(Class.java:1791)
    at org.springframework.core.type.StandardAnnotationMetadata.hasAnnotatedMethods(StandardAnnotationMetadata.java:136)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassUtils.isLiteConfigurationCandidate(ConfigurationClassUtils.java:105)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassUtils.checkConfigurationClassCandidate(ConfigurationClassUtils.java:86)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.processConfigBeanDefinitions(ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.java:216)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.java:178)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(AbstractApplicationContext.java:617)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:446)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:96)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:44)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.buildApplicationContext(TestContext.java:198)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:233)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:126)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:85)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:231)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:95)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.invokeTestMethod(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:139)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit4ClassRunner.runMethods(JUnit4ClassRunner.java:51)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit4ClassRunner$1.run(JUnit4ClassRunner.java:44)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runUnprotected(ClassRoadie.java:27)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runProtected(ClassRoadie.java:37)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit4ClassRunner.run(JUnit4ClassRunner.java:42)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javax.servlet.ServletException
    at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:202)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:190)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:306)
    at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:301)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:247)
    ... 42 more

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"file:///c:/project/target/META-INF/spring/applicationContext.xml"})
public class SpringContextTest {
   ...
}

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)  
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "file:///D:/PRMS_Workspace/PRMS/WebContent/WEB-INF/dispatcher-servlet.xml" })