Java Spring Boot 1.4.0使用随机端口示例

我想写我的第一个spring boot 1.4.0集成测试。但是Spring文档上的示例对我来说并不适用。也许有人能帮我：）

如果要运行示例测试，则会出现以下错误：

错误：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext 
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:124) 
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:83) 
at org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.AutoConfigureReportTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(AutoConfigureReportTestExecutionListener.java:49) 
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:228) 
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:230) 
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289) 
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) 
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291) 
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:249) 
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:89) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) 
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61) 
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) 
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:193) 
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137) at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:69) 
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:234) 
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:74) 
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) 
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) 
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) 
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497) 
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:144) 

Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Cannot load an ApplicationContext with a NULL 'contextLoader'. 
    Consider annotating your test class with @ContextConfiguration or @ContextHierarchy. 
at org.springframework.util.Assert.notNull(Assert.java:115) 
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:91) 
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:116) ... 27 more

我的测试班：

import org.junit.*;
import org.junit.runner.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.*;
import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.*;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.*;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment= SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class ControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;


    @Test
    public void testExample() throws Exception {
        String body = this.restTemplate.getForObject("/api/label/language/DE", String.class);
        assertThat(body).isEqualTo("Hello World");
    }
}

SpringBoot应用程序：

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;

@SpringBootApplication()
@Import(value = {CassandraDataSource.class})
public class Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }
}

pom.xml： http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 4.0.0

<groupId>com.test</groupId>
<artifactId>backend</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.4.0.RELEASE</version>
    <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>

<properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>repackage</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

com.test
SpringBootApplication中的乍一看问题：Application.class

将以下内容替换为：

SpringApplication.run(CfanApplication.class, args);

以下:

SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);

我认为问题出现在您的测试中，因为您并没有指定应用程序类。@SpringApplicationConfiguration（classes=Application.class），请尝试在您的测试类中添加此批注。@duardito通常情况下，这是不必要的。@Merth92中的
Application
和
ControllerTest
是什么包？@AndyWilkinson在同一个包中有。@duratio如果添加批注，我会得到另一个错误：java.lang.NoSuchMethodError:org.springframework.test.context.MergedContextConfiguration.getContextCustomizers（）Ljava/util/Set；位于org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.createModifiedConfig（SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.java:277），位于org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.processMergedContextConfiguration（SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.java:119）位于org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildMergedContextConfiguration..@Merth92，该
NoSuchMethodError
表明您的类路径混乱。
getContextCustomizers
在Spring Framework 4.3中是新的（这是Spring Boot 1.4要求的）。也许你需要告诉IDEA更新/刷新你的项目？对不起，我只是删除了名称，忘记了这一行。我更正了问题中的错误。谢谢你的提示！