Java 如何对部署在Tomcat上的Jersey web应用程序进行单元测试？

我正在构建部署在Tomcat上的Jersey web应用程序。我很难理解如何对应用程序进行单元测试

测试核心业务逻辑（非Jersey资源类）是可能的，只需在我的测试中实例化类并对它们调用方法（这与Jersey或Tomcat无关）

但是，单元测试Jersey资源类（即映射到URL的类）的正确方法是什么

我需要让Tomcat来做这个吗？或者我应该模拟请求和响应对象，在测试中实例化资源类，并将模拟提供给我的类

我在Jersey的网站上读到过关于测试的内容，但他们在示例中使用的是Grizzly而不是Tomcat，这是不同的

请解释应该如何做到这一点。欢迎使用示例代码。

如果您只想进行单元测试，则无需启动任何服务器。如果您有一个服务（业务层）或任何其他注入，如

UriInfo

，以及类似的东西，您可以模拟。一个相当流行的模拟框架是。下面是一个完整的例子

import javax.inject.Inject;
import javax.ws.rs.GET;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;
import javax.ws.rs.PathParam;
import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.mockito.Mockito;

import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.instanceOf;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;

/**
 * Beside Jersey dependencies, you will need Mockito.
 * 
 *  <dependency>
 *      <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
 *      <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
 *      <version>1.10.19</version>
 *  </dependency>
 * 
 * @author Paul Samsotha
 */
public class SomethingResourceUnitTest {

    public static interface SomeService {
        String getSomethingById(int id);
    }

    @Path("something")
    public static class SomethingResource {

        private final SomeService service;

        @Inject
        public SomethingResource(SomeService service) {
            this.service = service;
        }

        @GET
        @Path("{id}")
        public Response getSomethingById(@PathParam("id") int id) {
            String result = service.getSomethingById(id);
            return Response.ok(result).build();
        }
    }

    private SomethingResource resource;
    private SomeService service;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        service = Mockito.mock(SomeService.class);
        resource = new SomethingResource(service);
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetSomethingById() {
        Mockito.when(service.getSomethingById(Mockito.anyInt())).thenReturn("Something");

        Response response = resource.getSomethingById(1);
        assertThat(response.getStatus(), is(200));
        assertThat(response.getEntity(), instanceOf(String.class));
        assertThat((String)response.getEntity(), is("Something"));
    }
}

---

这不是单元测试；这就是集成测试。区别很重要。我本打算写这篇文章，但@duffymo已经指出了确切的观点。您要求的是集成测试，而不是单元测试。

import java.io.File;

import javax.inject.Inject;
import javax.ws.rs.GET;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;
import javax.ws.rs.PathParam;
import javax.ws.rs.client.ClientBuilder;
import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;

import org.apache.catalina.Context;
import org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat;
import org.glassfish.hk2.utilities.binding.AbstractBinder;
import org.glassfish.jersey.server.ResourceConfig;
import org.glassfish.jersey.servlet.ServletContainer;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;

/**
 * Aside from the Jersey dependencies, you will need the following
 * Tomcat dependencies.
 * 
 *  <dependency>
 *      <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
 *      <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
 *      <version>8.5.0</version>
 *      <scope>test</scope>
 *  </dependency>
 *  <dependency>
 *      <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
 *      <artifactId>tomcat-embed-logging-juli</artifactId>
 *      <version>8.5.0</version>
 *      <scope>test</scope>
 *  </dependency>
 *
 * See also https://dzone.com/articles/embedded-tomcat-minimal
 *      
 * @author Paul Samsotha
 */
public class SomethingResourceTomcatIntegrationTest {

    public static interface SomeService {
        String getSomethingById(int id);
    }

    public static class SomeServiceImpl implements SomeService {
        @Override
        public String getSomethingById(int id) {
            return "Something";
        }
    }

    @Path("something")
    public static class SomethingResource {

        private final SomeService service;

        @Inject
        public SomethingResource(SomeService service) {
            this.service = service;
        }

        @GET
        @Path("{id}")
        public Response getSomethingById(@PathParam("id") int id) {
            String result = service.getSomethingById(id);
            return Response.ok(result).build();
        }
    }

    private Tomcat tomcat;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        tomcat = new Tomcat();
        tomcat.setPort(8080);

        final Context ctx = tomcat.addContext("/", new File(".").getAbsolutePath());

        final ResourceConfig config = new ResourceConfig(SomethingResource.class)
                .register(new AbstractBinder() {
                    @Override
                    protected void configure() {
                        bind(SomeServiceImpl.class).to(SomeService.class);
                    }
                });
        Tomcat.addServlet(ctx, "jersey-test", new ServletContainer(config));
        ctx.addServletMapping("/*", "jersey-test");

        tomcat.start();
    }

    @After
    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
        tomcat.stop();
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetSomethingById() {
        final String baseUri = "http://localhost:8080";
        final Response response = ClientBuilder.newClient()
                .target(baseUri).path("something").path("1")
                .request().get();
        assertThat(response.getStatus(), is(200));
        assertThat(response.readEntity(String.class), is("Something"));
    }
}