Java 初始化方法在主类中的指定方法之前运行

我试图将一个对象从一个控制器传递到另一个控制器。我传递给BookViewController的rowData对象对于initialize方法的工作至关重要，如果没有设置数据，就会出现NullPointerException，这在我的例子中确实发生了

似乎initialize方法在setRowData方法之前运行。正如我所说，initialize方法依赖于setRowData方法的执行

我错过了什么

Main.java

public class Main extends Application {

    private static Stage primaryStage;
    private static BorderPane mainLayout;

    @Override
    public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {
        Main.primaryStage = primaryStage;
        Main.primaryStage.setTitle("BookingApp");
        showMainView();
    }

    private void showMainView() throws IOException {
        FXMLLoader loader = new FXMLLoader();
        loader.setLocation(Main.class.getResource("MainView.fxml"));
        mainLayout = loader.load();
        Scene scene = new Scene(mainLayout);
        primaryStage.setScene(scene);
        primaryStage.show();
    }

    public static void showBookView(Trip rowData) throws IOException {
        FXMLLoader loader = new FXMLLoader();
        loader.setLocation(Main.class.getResource("BookView.fxml"));
        BorderPane bookTrip = loader.load();

        BookViewController bvc = loader.getController();
        // The below method never runs.. why?
        bvc.setRowData(rowData);       

        Stage bookStage = new Stage();                
        bookStage.setTitle("BookingApp");
        bookStage.initModality(Modality.WINDOW_MODAL);
        bookStage.initOwner(primaryStage);
        Scene scene = new Scene(bookTrip);
        bookStage.setScene(scene);
        bookStage.showAndWait();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }
} 

BookViewController.java

public class BookViewController implements Initializable {

    private String dbUrl = "jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/BookingApp";

    private String dbUsername = "postgres";

    private String dbPassword = "secret";

    @FXML
    private TextField personnr;

    @FXML
    private TextField name;

    @FXML
    private TextField email;

    @FXML
    private TextField telnr;

    @FXML
    private Button addTraveler;

    @FXML
    private Button removeTraveler;

    @FXML
    private TableView<Traveler> travelers;

    @FXML
    private TableColumn<?, ?> personnrColumn;

    @FXML
    private TableColumn<?, ?> nameColumn;

    @FXML
    private TableColumn<?, ?> emailColumn;

    @FXML
    private TableColumn<?, ?> telnrColumn;

    @FXML
    private TableView<Trip> trips;

    @FXML
    private TableColumn<?, ?> originColumn;

    @FXML
    private TableColumn<?, ?> destinationColumn;

    @FXML
    private TableColumn<?, ?> departureColumn;

    @FXML
    private TableColumn<?, ?> arrivalColumn;

    @FXML
    private TableColumn<?, ?> driverColumn;

    @FXML
    private TableColumn<?, ?> priceAmountColumn;

    @FXML
    private TableColumn<?, ?> seatsColumn;

    @FXML
    private Button bookTrip;

    private Trip rowData;

    private ObservableList<Trip> tripData;

    public void setRowData(Trip rowData) {
        this.rowData = rowData;
        // The below println is never printed to the console..
        System.out.println("Test");
    }

    @Override
    public void initialize(URL arg0, ResourceBundle arg1) {
        addTraveler.setDisable(true);
        removeTraveler.setDisable(true);
        populateTravelPlan();
    }

    @FXML
    private void populateTravelPlan() {
        try {
            Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(dbUrl, dbUsername, dbPassword);
            tripData = FXCollections.observableArrayList();
            ResultSet rs = null;
            System.out.println(rowData.getTrip1()); // Here it breaks
            System.out.println(rowData.getTrip2());
            System.out.println(rowData.getTrip3());
            if(rowData.getTrip1() != 0 && rowData.getTrip2() == 0 && rowData.getTrip3() == 0) {
                rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery(
                        "select trip.tripid, connexion.origin, connexion.destination, trip.departure, trip.arrival, trip.driverpnr, trip.priceamount, trip.seats\r\n" + 
                        "from trip, connexion\r\n" + 
                        "where trip.tripid = " + rowData.getTrip1() + "\r\n" + 
                        "and trip.connexionid = connexion.connexionid\r\n" + 
                        "order by departure;");
            } else if(rowData.getTrip1() != 0 && rowData.getTrip2() != 0 && rowData.getTrip3() == 0) {
                rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery(
                        "select trip.tripid, connexion.origin, connexion.destination, trip.departure, trip.arrival, trip.driverpnr, trip.priceamount, trip.seats\r\n" + 
                        "from trip, connexion\r\n" + 
                        "where trip.tripid = " + rowData.getTrip1() + "\r\n" + 
                        "and trip.connexionid = connexion.connexionid\r\n" + 
                        "union\r\n" + 
                        "select trip.tripid, connexion.origin, connexion.destination, trip.departure, trip.arrival, trip.driverpnr, trip.priceamount, trip.seats\r\n" + 
                        "from trip, connexion\r\n" + 
                        "where trip.tripid = " + rowData.getTrip2() + "\r\n" + 
                        "and trip.connexionid = connexion.connexionid\r\n" + 
                        "order by departure;");
            } else if(rowData.getTrip1() != 0 && rowData.getTrip2() != 0 && rowData.getTrip3() != 0) {
                rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery(
                        "select trip.tripid, connexion.origin, connexion.destination, trip.departure, trip.arrival, trip.driverpnr, trip.priceamount, trip.seats\r\n" + 
                        "from trip, connexion\r\n" + 
                        "where trip.tripid = " + rowData.getTrip1() + "\r\n" + 
                        "and trip.connexionid = connexion.connexionid\r\n" + 
                        "union\r\n" + 
                        "select trip.tripid, connexion.origin, connexion.destination, trip.departure, trip.arrival, trip.driverpnr, trip.priceamount, trip.seats\r\n" + 
                        "from trip, connexion\r\n" + 
                        "where trip.tripid = " + rowData.getTrip2() + "\r\n" + 
                        "and trip.connexionid = connexion.connexionid\r\n" + 
                        "union\r\n" + 
                        "select trip.tripid, connexion.origin, connexion.destination, trip.departure, trip.arrival, trip.driverpnr, trip.priceamount, trip.seats\r\n" + 
                        "from trip, connexion\r\n" + 
                        "where trip.tripid = " + rowData.getTrip3() + "\r\n" + 
                        "and trip.connexionid = connexion.connexionid\r\n" + 
                        "order by departure;");
            }
            tripData.add(new Trip(rs.getInt(1), rs.getString(2), rs.getString(3), ""+rs.getTimestamp(4), ""+rs.getTimestamp(5), rs.getString(6), ""+rs.getInt(7), ""+rs.getInt(8)));
            while(rs.next()) {
                tripData.add(new Trip(rs.getInt(1), rs.getString(2), rs.getString(3), ""+rs.getTimestamp(4), ""+rs.getTimestamp(5), rs.getString(6), ""+rs.getInt(7), ""+rs.getInt(8)));
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        trips.setItems(tripData);
    }
} 

似乎initialize方法在setRowData方法之前运行

这的确是正确的。

fxmloader

调用

initialize（）

方法作为执行

load（）

的一部分，这必须在您有机会调用

setRowData（…）

之前发生

我错过了什么

没什么，真的

有几个可能的修复方法。一种方法是避免让

initialize（）

方法依赖于传递给

setRowData（）

的数据，并将任何依赖于这些数据的代码移到后一种方法。在这种情况下，这是非常简单的：

public void setRowData(Trip rowData) {
    this.rowData = rowData;
    populateTravelPlan();
}

@Override
public void initialize(URL arg0, ResourceBundle arg1) {
    addTraveler.setDisable(true);
    removeTraveler.setDisable(true);
    // don't do this here:
    // populateTravelPlan();
}

如果您不喜欢该解决方案，另一个选项是在代码中而不是在FXML中设置控制器。简单地说，您可以从FXML文件中删除

fx:controller

属性，然后在加载FXML时，创建一个控制器实例，调用

setRowData（）

（或者通过构造函数初始化行数据），然后在

fxmloader

上调用

setController（）

。中详细描述了此解决方案

该解决方案的一个缺点是，如果在FXML设计中使用Scene Builder，Scene Builder将丢失一些功能（因为它不再知道用于创建控制器的类）。如果要保留该功能，可以使用控制器工厂

对于该解决方案，我将修改控制器，以便将行数据传递给构造函数：

public class BookViewController implements Initializable {

    // @FXML-annotated fields omitted...

    private final Trip rowData;

    public BookViewController(Trip rowData) {
        this.rowData = rowData ;
    }

    // remove this, it is now initialized in the constructor
    // public void setRowData(Trip rowData) {
    //     this.rowData = rowData;
    //     // The below println is never printed to the console..
    //     System.out.println("Test");
    // }

    @Override
    public void initialize(URL arg0, ResourceBundle arg1) {
        addTraveler.setDisable(true);
        removeTraveler.setDisable(true);
        populateTravelPlan();
    }

    // etc...
}

此构造函数将阻止

fxmloader

使用其默认方法创建控制器实例，因此向加载程序提供控制器工厂以覆盖控制器的创建方式：

public static void showBookView(Trip rowData) throws IOException {
    FXMLLoader loader = new FXMLLoader();
    loader.setLocation(Main.class.getResource("BookView.fxml"));
    loader.setControllerFactory(type -> {
        if (type == BookViewController.class) {
            return new BookViewController(rowData);
        }
        // default behavior: need this in case there are <fx:include> in the FXML
        try {
            return type.getConstructor().newInstance();
        } catch (Exception exc) {
            // fatal...
            throw new RuntimeException(exc);
        }
    });
    BorderPane bookTrip = loader.load();

    Stage bookStage = new Stage();                
    bookStage.setTitle("BookingApp");
    bookStage.initModality(Modality.WINDOW_MODAL);
    bookStage.initOwner(primaryStage);
    Scene scene = new Scene(bookTrip);
    bookStage.setScene(scene);
    bookStage.showAndWait();
}

public static void showBookView（行程行数据）引发IOException{
FXMLLoader=新的FXMLLoader（）；
setLocation（Main.class.getResource（“BookView.fxml”）；
loader.setControllerFactory（类型->{
if（type==BookViewController.class）{
返回新的BookViewController（rowData）；
}
//默认行为：如果FXML中存在
试一试{
返回类型.getConstructor（）.newInstance（）；
}捕获（异常exc）{
//致命的。。。
抛出新的运行时异常（exc）；
}
});
BorderPane bookTrip=loader.load（）；
Stage bookStage=新阶段（）；
bookStage.setTitle（“BookingApp”）；
bookStage.initmodel（model.WINDOW\u model）；
bookStage.initOwner（primaryStage）；
场景=新场景（bookTrip）；
布景舞台（场景）；
bookStage.show和wait（）；
}

您还没有回答自己的问题吗？

fxmloader

调用

initialize（）

方法，作为执行

load（）

的一部分，因此您可以观察到，在您有机会调用

setRowData（）

之前会调用该方法。根据对

setRowData（）

的调用，您可以选择简单地避免使用initialize方法（只需将对

populateravelplan（）

的调用移动到

setRowData（）

方法），或者使用控制器工厂。另请参见Ah。。我怎么没想到呢。。谢谢=）

public static void showBookView(Trip rowData) throws IOException {
    FXMLLoader loader = new FXMLLoader();
    loader.setLocation(Main.class.getResource("BookView.fxml"));
    loader.setControllerFactory(type -> {
        if (type == BookViewController.class) {
            return new BookViewController(rowData);
        }
        // default behavior: need this in case there are <fx:include> in the FXML
        try {
            return type.getConstructor().newInstance();
        } catch (Exception exc) {
            // fatal...
            throw new RuntimeException(exc);
        }
    });
    BorderPane bookTrip = loader.load();

    Stage bookStage = new Stage();                
    bookStage.setTitle("BookingApp");
    bookStage.initModality(Modality.WINDOW_MODAL);
    bookStage.initOwner(primaryStage);
    Scene scene = new Scene(bookTrip);
    bookStage.setScene(scene);
    bookStage.showAndWait();
}