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Java 如何生成给定列表的幂集?_Java_Algorithm_List_Combinations - Fatal编程技术网

Java 如何生成给定列表的幂集?

Java 如何生成给定列表的幂集?,java,algorithm,list,combinations,Java,Algorithm,List,Combinations,我试图生成一个集合,其中包含给定长度N列表中所有2^N-1个可能的组合。该集合将组合中的元素数映射到包含特定长度组合的有序组合列表。例如,对于列表: [A, B, C, D] 我想生成地图: { 1 -> [{A}, {B}, {C}, {D}] 2 -> [{A, B}, {A, C}, {A, D}, {B, C}, {B, D}, {C, D}] 3 -> [{A, B, C}, {A, B, D}, {A, C, D}, {B, C, D}]

我试图生成一个集合,其中包含给定长度N列表中所有2^N-1个可能的组合。该集合将组合中的元素数映射到包含特定长度组合的有序组合列表。例如,对于列表:

[A, B, C, D]
我想生成地图:

{
    1 -> [{A}, {B}, {C}, {D}]
    2 -> [{A, B}, {A, C}, {A, D}, {B, C}, {B, D}, {C, D}]
    3 -> [{A, B, C}, {A, B, D}, {A, C, D}, {B, C, D}]
    4 -> [{A, B, C, D}]
}
生成的数据库应保持原始顺序(其中
[]
表示有序的系列(
列表
),而
{}
表示未排序的组(
集合
),并尽可能快地运行

我整天都在与一些递归代码作斗争(我知道实现应该是递归的),但无法找到它的底部


是否有一个我可以使用的参考/a这种算法的现成实现?

您所寻找的基本上是(减去可能的空集)。番石榴实际上有一种方法可以做到这一点:。如果您想自己编写该方法,可以查看以查看该方法是如何实现的;您可能需要修改它以返回
列表
,而不是
集合
,因为您希望保留顺序,尽管此更改不应太剧烈。一旦你有了幂集,迭代它并构造你想要的映射应该很简单。

你所要求的是生成一个集的所有可能子集。您可以将其视为迭代所有可能的大小为N(列表大小)的二进制数组:

为什么呢?答案很简单:1表示元素存在于子集中,而0表示元素不存在

因此,基本算法是显而易见的:

s = [A, B, C, D]

for i=0 to 2^N-1:
   b = convert_number_to_bin_array(i)
   ss = calculate_subset_based_on_bin_array(s, b)
   print ss
其中,
基于\u bin\u数组计算\u子集
迭代
b
s
,并从
s[当前]
中选择元素,其中
b[当前]=1


以上内容将打印出所有现有子集。您可以调整此算法,以获得您在问题中要求的映射。

我测试了Elist提出的代码,发现了错误

下面是一个建议的更正:(在函数getPermutation()的最后一个else中,我做了两个更改)

公共类OrderedPowerSet{
私有ArrayList输入列表;
公共int N;
专用地图=
新的HashMap();
公共OrderedPowerSet(ArrayList列表){
输入列表=列表;
N=list.size();
}
公共列表GetPermutionsList(int-elementCount){
if(elementCount<1 | | elementCount>N){
抛出新的IndexOutOfBoundsException(
“只能为介于1到“+N”之间的计数生成置换”;
}
if(映射容器(元素计数)){
返回map.get(elementCount);
}
ArrayList=新建ArrayList();
if(elementCount==N){
添加(新HashSet(inputList));
}else if(elementCount==1){
对于(int i=0;i

}

以下是我测试过的代码,用于生成给定数组中所有可能的组合:

enter code here
import java.util.Arrays;

public class PasswordGen {
static String[] options = { "a", "b", "c", "d" };
static String[] places = new String[options.length];
static int count;

public static void main(String[] args) {
    // Starting with initial position of a i.e. 0
    sequence(0, places.clone());
}

private static void sequence(int level, String[] holder) {
    if (level >= options.length) {
        // combination complete
        System.out.println("" + (++count) + " Combination "
                + Arrays.toString(holder));
        return;
    }

    String val = options[level];
    String[] inrHolder = null;
    for (int c = 0; c < holder.length; c++) {
        inrHolder = holder.clone();
        if (inrHolder[c] == null) {
            inrHolder[c] = val;
            sequence(level + 1, inrHolder.clone());
        }
    }
    return;
}
}
在此处输入代码
导入java.util.array;
公共类密码发生器{
静态字符串[]选项={“a”、“b”、“c”、“d”};
静态字符串[]位置=新字符串[options.length];
静态整数计数;
公共静态void main(字符串[]args){
//从a的初始位置开始,即0
序列(0,places.clone());
}
私有静态无效序列(int级别,字符串[]持有者){
如果(级别>=options.length){
//组合完成
System.out.println(“+(++计数)+”组合”
+数组。toString(holder));
回来
}
字符串val=选项[级别];
字符串[]inrHolder=null;
对于(int c=0;c
公共静态列表GetCombinationsList(列表元素)
{
//返回带有空字符串的列表
if(elements.size()==0){
List allLists=new ArrayList();
所有列表。添加(“”);
返回所有列表;
}
字符串first_ele=元素。删除(0);
List rest=getCombinationsList(元素);
int restsize=rest.size();
//将第一个元素映射到其余每个元素。
for(int i=0;i

这个幂集是SICP“计算机编程的结构和解释”一书中的练习之一。每个程序员都应该阅读它。

解决这个问题有多种方法,但最简单的方法是使用递归。下面我提供了迭代递归方法来解决生成集合的所有组合的问题。这两种方法的总体思路都是生成属于要选择的元素的索引集

对于递归方法,您希望跟踪三条信息:一个布尔数组,指示是否选择了项,您在项列表中的位置,以及一个变量r,跟踪剩余要选择的元素数。那么只要
public class OrderedPowerSet<E> {
private ArrayList<E> inputList;
public int N;
private Map<Integer, List<Set<E>>> map = 
        new HashMap<Integer, List<Set<E>>>();

public OrderedPowerSet(ArrayList<E> list) {
    inputList = list;
    N = list.size();
}

public List<Set<E>> getPermutationsList(int elementCount) {
    if (elementCount < 1 || elementCount > N) {
        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(
                "Can only generate permutations for a count between 1 to " + N);
    }
    if (map.containsKey(elementCount)) {
        return map.get(elementCount);
    }

    ArrayList<Set<E>> list = new ArrayList<Set<E>>();

    if (elementCount == N) {
        list.add(new HashSet<E>(inputList));
    } else if (elementCount == 1) {
        for (int i = 0 ; i < N ; i++) {
            Set<E> set = new HashSet<E>();
            set.add(inputList.get(i));
            list.add(set);
        }
    } else {
        for (int i = 0 ; i < N-elementCount ; i++) {
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
            ArrayList<E> subList = (ArrayList<E>)inputList.clone(); // one change
            subList.remove(0);
            OrderedPowerSet<E> subPowerSet = 
                    new OrderedPowerSet<E>(subList);
            for (Set<E> s : subPowerSet.getPermutationsList(elementCount-1)) {
                Set<E> set = new HashSet<E>();
                set.add(inputList.get(i));
                set.addAll(s);
                list.add(set); // second change
            }

        }
    }

    map.put(elementCount, list);

    return map.get(elementCount);
}
enter code here
import java.util.Arrays;

public class PasswordGen {
static String[] options = { "a", "b", "c", "d" };
static String[] places = new String[options.length];
static int count;

public static void main(String[] args) {
    // Starting with initial position of a i.e. 0
    sequence(0, places.clone());
}

private static void sequence(int level, String[] holder) {
    if (level >= options.length) {
        // combination complete
        System.out.println("" + (++count) + " Combination "
                + Arrays.toString(holder));
        return;
    }

    String val = options[level];
    String[] inrHolder = null;
    for (int c = 0; c < holder.length; c++) {
        inrHolder = holder.clone();
        if (inrHolder[c] == null) {
            inrHolder[c] = val;
            sequence(level + 1, inrHolder.clone());
        }
    }
    return;
}
}
static Map<Integer, List<LinkedList<Integer>>> powerset = new HashMap<>();

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    powerset(Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3));
    for (Integer key : powerset.keySet()) {
        System.out.print(key + " -> ");
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(powerset.get(key).toArray()));
    }
}

static void powerset(List<Integer> src) {
    powerset(new LinkedList<>(), src);
}

private static void powerset(LinkedList<Integer> prefix, List<Integer> src) {
    if (src.size() > 0) {
        prefix = new LinkedList<>(prefix); //create a copy to not modify the orig
        src = new LinkedList<>(src); //copy
        Integer curr = src.remove(0);
        collectResult(prefix, curr);
        powerset(prefix, src);
        prefix.add(curr);
        powerset(prefix, src);
    }
}

private static void collectResult(LinkedList<Integer> prefix, Integer curr) {
    prefix = new LinkedList<>(prefix); //copy
    prefix.add(curr);
    List<LinkedList<Integer>> addTo;
    if (powerset.get(prefix.size()) == null) {
        List<LinkedList<Integer>> newList = new LinkedList<>();
        addTo = newList;
    } else {
        addTo = powerset.get(prefix.size());
    }
    addTo.add(prefix);
    powerset.put(prefix.size(), addTo);
}
1 -> [[1], [2], [3]]
2 -> [[2, 3], [1, 2], [1, 3]]
3 -> [[1, 2, 3]]
public static List<String> getCombinationsLists(List<String> elements)
{
    
    //return list with empty String
    if(elements.size() == 0){
        List<String> allLists = new ArrayList<String>();
        allLists.add("");
        return allLists ;
    }

    String first_ele = elements.remove(0);
    List<String> rest = getCombinationsLists(elements);
    int restsize = rest.size();
    //Mapping the first_ele with each of the rest of the elements.
    for (int i = 0; i < restsize; i++) {
        String ele = first_ele + rest.get(i);
        rest.add(ele);
    }
   
    return   rest;
}
/**
 * Here we present two methods (recursive and iterative) of generating all
 * the combinations of a set by choosing only r of n elements.
 * 
 * Time Complexity: O( n choose r )
 *
 * @author William Fiset, Micah Stairs
 **/

public class Combinations {

  // This method finds all the combinations of size r in a set
  public static void combinationsChooseR(int[] set, int r) {

    if (r < 0) return;
    if (set == null) return;

    boolean [] used = new boolean[set.length];
    combinations(set, r, 0, used);

  }

  // To find all the combinations of size r we need to recurse until we have
  // selected r elements (aka r = 0), otherwise if r != 0 then we need to select
  // an element which is found after the position of our last selected element
  private static void combinations(int[] set, int r, int at, boolean[] used) {

    final int N = set.length;

    // If there are more elements left to select than what are available
    // This is a short circuiting optimization we can take advantage of 
    int elementsLeftToPick = N - at;
    if (elementsLeftToPick < r) return;

    // We selected 'r' elements so we found a valid subset!
    if (r == 0) {

      System.out.print("{ ");
      for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        if (used[i])
          System.out.print(set[i] + " ");
      System.out.println("}");

    } else {

      for (int i = at; i < N; i++) {

        // Try including this element
        used[i] = true;
        combinations(set, r - 1, i + 1, used);

        // Backtrack and try the instance where we did not include this element
        used[i] = false;

      }

    }

  }

  // Use this method in combination with a do while loop to generate all the 
  // combinations of a set choose r in a iterative fashion. This method returns
  // false once the last combination has been generated.
  // NOTE: Originally the selection needs to be initialized to {0,1,2,3 ... r-1}
  public static boolean nextCombination(int[] selection, int N, int r) {
    if (r > N) throw new IllegalArgumentException("r must be <= N");
    int i = r - 1;
    while (selection[i] == N - r + i)
      if (--i < 0) return false;
    selection[i]++;
    for (int j = i + 1; j < r; j++) selection[j] = selection[i] + j - i;
    return true;
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {

    // Recursive approach
    int R = 3;
    int[] set = {1,2,3,4,5};
    combinationsChooseR(set, R);
    // prints:
    // { 1 2 3 }
    // { 1 2 4 }
    // { 1 2 5 }
    // { 1 3 4 }
    // { 1 3 5 }
    // { 1 4 5 }
    // { 2 3 4 }
    // { 2 3 5 }
    // { 2 4 5 }
    // { 3 4 5 }      

    // Suppose we want to select all combinations of colors where R = 3
    String[] colors = {"red", "purple", "green", "yellow", "blue", "pink"};
    R = 3;

    // Initialize the selection to be {0, 1, ... , R-1}
    int[] selection = { 0, 1, 2 };
    do {

      // Print each combination
      for (int index : selection)
        System.out.print(colors[index] + " ");
      System.out.println();

    } while( nextCombination(selection, colors.length, R) );
    // prints:
    // red purple green 
    // red purple yellow 
    // red purple blue 
    // red purple pink 
    // red green yellow 
    // red green blue 
    // red green pink 
    // red yellow blue 
    // red yellow pink 
    // red blue pink 
    // purple green yellow 
    // purple green blue 
    // purple green pink 
    // purple yellow blue 
    // purple yellow pink 
    // purple blue pink 
    // green yellow blue 
    // green yellow pink 
    // green blue pink 
    // yellow blue pink    

  }

}
public class OrderedPowerSet<E> {
    private static final int ELEMENT_LIMIT = 12;
    private List<E> inputList;
    public int N;
    private Map<Integer, List<LinkedHashSet<E>>> map = 
            new HashMap<Integer, List<LinkedHashSet<E>>>();

    public OrderedPowerSet(List<E> list) {
        inputList = list;
        N = list.size();
        if (N > ELEMENT_LIMIT) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                    "List with more then " + ELEMENT_LIMIT + " elements is too long...");
        }
    }

    public List<LinkedHashSet<E>> getPermutationsList(int elementCount) {
        if (elementCount < 1 || elementCount > N) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(
                    "Can only generate permutations for a count between 1 to " + N);
        }
        if (map.containsKey(elementCount)) {
            return map.get(elementCount);
        }

        ArrayList<LinkedHashSet<E>> list = new ArrayList<LinkedHashSet<E>>();

        if (elementCount == N) {
            list.add(new LinkedHashSet<E>(inputList));
        } else if (elementCount == 1) {
            for (int i = 0 ; i < N ; i++) {
                LinkedHashSet<E> set = new LinkedHashSet<E>();
                set.add(inputList.get(i));
                list.add(set);
            }
        } else {
            list = new ArrayList<LinkedHashSet<E>>();
            for (int i = 0 ; i <= N - elementCount ; i++) {
                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                ArrayList<E> subList = (ArrayList<E>)((ArrayList<E>)inputList).clone();
                for (int j = i ; j >= 0 ; j--) {
                    subList.remove(j);
                }
                OrderedPowerSet<E> subPowerSet = 
                        new OrderedPowerSet<E>(subList);

                List<LinkedHashSet<E>> pList = 
                        subPowerSet.getPermutationsList(elementCount-1);
                for (LinkedHashSet<E> s : pList) {
                    LinkedHashSet<E> set = new LinkedHashSet<E>();
                    set.add(inputList.get(i));
                    set.addAll(s);
                    list.add(set);
                }               
            }
        }

        map.put(elementCount, list);

        return map.get(elementCount);
    }
}