Javascript 无Cookie或本地存储的用户识别
我正在构建一个分析工具，目前我可以从用户代理获取用户的IP地址、浏览器和操作系统 我想知道是否有可能在不使用cookie或本地存储的情况下检测到相同的用户？我不期望这里有代码示例；这只是一个简单的提示，说明在哪里可以进一步查看 忘了提到，如果是同一台计算机/设备，则需要跨浏览器兼容。基本上，我追求的是设备识别，而不是真正的用户。这种技术（在没有cookie的情况下检测相同的用户，甚至没有ip地址）称为浏览器指纹识别。基本上，您可以尽可能地抓取有关浏览器的信息-使用javascript、flash或java（f.ex.安装的扩展、字体等）可以获得更好的结果。之后，如果需要，可以存储散列的结果 这不是绝对正确的，但是： 83.6%的浏览者有独特的指纹；在那些启用Flash或Java的用户中，94.2%。这不包括饼干 更多信息：Javascript 无Cookie或本地存储的用户识别,javascript,php,http-headers,fingerprinting,Javascript,Php,Http Headers,Fingerprinting,我正在构建一个分析工具，目前我可以从用户代理获取用户的IP地址、浏览器和操作系统 我想知道是否有可能在不使用cookie或本地存储的情况下检测到相同的用户？我不期望这里有代码示例；这只是一个简单的提示，说明在哪里可以进一步查看 忘了提到，如果是同一台计算机/设备，则需要跨浏览器兼容。基本上，我追求的是设备识别，而不是真正的用户。这种技术（在没有cookie的情况下检测相同的用户，甚至没有ip地址）称为浏览器指纹识别。基本上，您可以尽可能地抓取有关浏览器的信息-使用javascript、flash
- 可以删除Cookies
- IP地址可以更改
- 浏览器可以更改
- 浏览器缓存可能会被删除
- IP地址
- 真实IP地址
- 代理IP地址（用户经常重复使用同一个代理）
- 饼干
- HTTP Cookies
- 会话Cookies
- 第三方Cookies
- Flash Cookies（）
- Web Bug（由于Bug得到修复，可靠性较低，但仍然有用）
- PDF错误
- 闪光虫
- Java错误
- 浏览器
- 单击跟踪（许多用户每次访问同一系列页面）
- 浏览器指纹 -已安装的插件（人们通常有各种各样的、有些独特的插件集）
- 缓存图像（人们有时删除cookie，但保留缓存图像）
- 使用水滴
- URL（浏览器历史记录或cookie可能在URL中包含唯一的用户id，例如或）
- （这是一个鲜为人知但通常是唯一的密钥签名）
- HTML5和Javascript
- HTML5地理定位API和反向地理编码
- 体系结构、操作系统语言、系统时间、屏幕分辨率等
- 网络信息API
- 电池状态API
当然，我列出的项目只是唯一识别用户的几种可能方式。还有很多
使用这组随机数据元素来构建数据配置文件，下一步是什么？
下一步是开发一些，或者更好的是，开发一个（使用模糊逻辑的）。在任何一种情况下，我们的想法都是训练您的系统，然后将其训练与提高结果的准确性相结合
PHP库允许您生成人工神经网络。要实现贝叶斯推断，请查看以下链接：
- 简介
如果我理解正确，您需要识别一个没有唯一标识符的用户，因此您希望通过匹配随机数据来确定他们是谁。您无法可靠地存储用户的身份，因为：
User1 = A + B + C + D + G + K
User2 = C + D + I + J + K + F
B + C + E + G + F + K
作为一个例子，考虑这个简单的得分图表：
+-------------------------+--------+------------+ | Property | Weight | Importance | +-------------------------+--------+------------+ | Real IP address | 60 | 5 | | Used proxy IP address | 40 | 4 | | HTTP Cookies | 80 | 8 | | Session Cookies | 80 | 6 | | 3rd Party Cookies | 60 | 4 | | Flash Cookies | 90 | 7 | | PDF Bug | 20 | 1 | | Flash Bug | 20 | 1 | | Java Bug | 20 | 1 | | Frequent Pages | 40 | 1 | | Browsers Finger Print | 35 | 2 | | Installed Plugins | 25 | 1 | | Cached Images | 40 | 3 | | URL | 60 | 4 | | System Fonts Detection | 70 | 4 | | Localstorage | 90 | 8 | | Geolocation | 70 | 6 | | AOLTR | 70 | 4 | | Network Information API | 40 | 3 | | Battery Status API | 20 | 1 | +-------------------------+--------+------------+ 打印“D”：echo "<pre>";
print_r($matchs[0]);
Profile Object(
[name] => D
[data] => Array (
[Real IP address] => -1
[Used proxy IP address] => -1
[HTTP Cookies] => 1
[Session Cookies] => 1
[3rd Party Cookies] => 1
[Flash Cookies] => 1
[PDF Bug] => 1
[Flash Bug] => 1
[Java Bug] => -1
[Frequent Pages] => 1
[Browsers Finger Print] => -1
[Installed Plugins] => 1
[URL] => -1
[Cached PNG] => 1
[System Fonts Detection] => 1
[Localstorage] => -1
[Geolocation] => -1
[AOLTR] => 1
[Network Information API] => -1
[Battery Status API] => -1
)
[score] => 0.74157303370787
[diff] => 0.1685393258427
[base] => 8.9
)
class Profile {
public $name, $data = array(), $score, $diff, $base;
function __construct($name, array $importance) {
$values = array(-1, 1); // Perception values
$this->name = $name;
foreach ($importance as $item => $point) {
// Generate Random true/false for real Items
$this->data[$item] = $values[mt_rand(0, 1)];
}
$this->base = array_sum($importance);
}
public function setScore($score, $diff) {
$this->score = $score / $this->base;
$this->diff = $diff / $this->base;
}
}
class Perceptron {
private $w = array();
private $dw = array();
public $debug = false;
private function initialize($colums) {
// Initialize perceptron vars
for($i = 1; $i <= $colums; $i ++) {
// weighting vars
$this->w[$i] = 0;
$this->dw[$i] = 0;
}
}
function train($input, $alpha, $teta) {
$colums = count($input[0]) - 1;
$weightCache = array_fill(1, $colums, 0);
$checkpoints = array();
$keepTrainning = true;
// Initialize RNA vars
$this->initialize(count($input[0]) - 1);
$just_started = true;
$totalRun = 0;
$yin = 0;
// Trains RNA until it gets stable
while ($keepTrainning == true) {
// Sweeps each row of the input subject
foreach ($input as $row_counter => $row_data) {
// Finds out the number of columns the input has
$n_columns = count($row_data) - 1;
// Calculates Yin
$yin = 0;
for($i = 1; $i <= $n_columns; $i ++) {
$yin += $row_data["x" . $i] * $weightCache[$i];
}
// Calculates Real Output
$Y = ($yin <= 1) ? - 1 : 1;
// Sweeps columns ...
$checkpoints[$row_counter] = 0;
for($i = 1; $i <= $n_columns; $i ++) {
/** DELTAS **/
// Is it the first row?
if ($just_started == true) {
$this->dw[$i] = $weightCache[$i];
$just_started = false;
// Found desired output?
} elseif ($Y == $row_data["o"]) {
$this->dw[$i] = 0;
// Calculates Delta Ws
} else {
$this->dw[$i] = $row_data["x" . $i] * $row_data["o"];
}
/** WEIGHTS **/
// Calculate Weights
$this->w[$i] = $this->dw[$i] + $weightCache[$i];
$weightCache[$i] = $this->w[$i];
/** CHECK-POINT **/
$checkpoints[$row_counter] += $this->w[$i];
} // END - for
foreach ($this->w as $index => $w_item) {
$debug_w["W" . $index] = $w_item;
$debug_dw["deltaW" . $index] = $this->dw[$index];
}
// Special for script debugging
$debug_vars[] = array_merge($row_data, array(
"Bias" => 1,
"Yin" => $yin,
"Y" => $Y
), $debug_dw, $debug_w, array(
"deltaBias" => 1
));
} // END - foreach
// Special for script debugging
$empty_data_row = array();
for($i = 1; $i <= $n_columns; $i ++) {
$empty_data_row["x" . $i] = "--";
$empty_data_row["W" . $i] = "--";
$empty_data_row["deltaW" . $i] = "--";
}
$debug_vars[] = array_merge($empty_data_row, array(
"o" => "--",
"Bias" => "--",
"Yin" => "--",
"Y" => "--",
"deltaBias" => "--"
));
// Counts training times
$totalRun ++;
// Now checks if the RNA is stable already
$referer_value = end($checkpoints);
// if all rows match the desired output ...
$sum = array_sum($checkpoints);
$n_rows = count($checkpoints);
if ($totalRun > 1 && ($sum / $n_rows) == $referer_value) {
$keepTrainning = false;
}
} // END - while
// Prepares the final result
$result = array();
for($i = 1; $i <= $n_columns; $i ++) {
$result["w" . $i] = $this->w[$i];
}
$this->debug($this->print_html_table($debug_vars));
return $result;
} // END - train
function testCase($input, $results) {
// Sweeps input columns
$result = 0;
$i = 1;
foreach ($input as $column_value) {
// Calculates teste Y
$result += $results["w" . $i] * $column_value;
$i ++;
}
// Checks in each class the test fits
return ($result > 0) ? true : false;
} // END - test_class
// Returns the html code of a html table base on a hash array
function print_html_table($array) {
$html = "";
$inner_html = "";
$table_header_composed = false;
$table_header = array();
// Builds table contents
foreach ($array as $array_item) {
$inner_html .= "<tr>\n";
foreach ( $array_item as $array_col_label => $array_col ) {
$inner_html .= "<td>\n";
$inner_html .= $array_col;
$inner_html .= "</td>\n";
if ($table_header_composed == false) {
$table_header[] = $array_col_label;
}
}
$table_header_composed = true;
$inner_html .= "</tr>\n";
}
// Builds full table
$html = "<table border=1>\n";
$html .= "<tr>\n";
foreach ($table_header as $table_header_item) {
$html .= "<td>\n";
$html .= "<b>" . $table_header_item . "</b>";
$html .= "</td>\n";
}
$html .= "</tr>\n";
$html .= $inner_html . "</table>";
return $html;
} // END - print_html_table
// Debug function
function debug($message) {
if ($this->debug == true) {
echo "<b>DEBUG:</b> $message";
}
} // END - debug
} // END - class
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+-----+----+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----------+
| o | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | x7 | x8 | x9 | x10 | x11 | x12 | x13 | x14 | x15 | x16 | x17 | x18 | x19 | x20 | Bias | Yin | Y | deltaW1 | deltaW2 | deltaW3 | deltaW4 | deltaW5 | deltaW6 | deltaW7 | deltaW8 | deltaW9 | deltaW10 | deltaW11 | deltaW12 | deltaW13 | deltaW14 | deltaW15 | deltaW16 | deltaW17 | deltaW18 | deltaW19 | deltaW20 | W1 | W2 | W3 | W4 | W5 | W6 | W7 | W8 | W9 | W10 | W11 | W12 | W13 | W14 | W15 | W16 | W17 | W18 | W19 | W20 | deltaBias |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+-----+----+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----------+
| 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | -1 | 0 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| -1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | -19 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 19 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| -1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | -19 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+-----+----+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----------+
// Get RNA Labels
$labels = array();
$n = 1;
foreach ( $features as $k => $v ) {
$labels[$k] = "x" . $n;
$n ++;
}
class Profile {
public $name, $data = array(), $score, $diff, $base;
function __construct($name, array $importance) {
$values = array(-1, 1); // Perception values
$this->name = $name;
foreach ($importance as $item => $point) {
// Generate Random true/false for real Items
$this->data[$item] = $values[mt_rand(0, 1)];
}
$this->base = array_sum($importance);
}
public function setScore($score, $diff) {
$this->score = $score / $this->base;
$this->diff = $diff / $this->base;
}
}
class Perceptron {
private $w = array();
private $dw = array();
public $debug = false;
private function initialize($colums) {
// Initialize perceptron vars
for($i = 1; $i <= $colums; $i ++) {
// weighting vars
$this->w[$i] = 0;
$this->dw[$i] = 0;
}
}
function train($input, $alpha, $teta) {
$colums = count($input[0]) - 1;
$weightCache = array_fill(1, $colums, 0);
$checkpoints = array();
$keepTrainning = true;
// Initialize RNA vars
$this->initialize(count($input[0]) - 1);
$just_started = true;
$totalRun = 0;
$yin = 0;
// Trains RNA until it gets stable
while ($keepTrainning == true) {
// Sweeps each row of the input subject
foreach ($input as $row_counter => $row_data) {
// Finds out the number of columns the input has
$n_columns = count($row_data) - 1;
// Calculates Yin
$yin = 0;
for($i = 1; $i <= $n_columns; $i ++) {
$yin += $row_data["x" . $i] * $weightCache[$i];
}
// Calculates Real Output
$Y = ($yin <= 1) ? - 1 : 1;
// Sweeps columns ...
$checkpoints[$row_counter] = 0;
for($i = 1; $i <= $n_columns; $i ++) {
/** DELTAS **/
// Is it the first row?
if ($just_started == true) {
$this->dw[$i] = $weightCache[$i];
$just_started = false;
// Found desired output?
} elseif ($Y == $row_data["o"]) {
$this->dw[$i] = 0;
// Calculates Delta Ws
} else {
$this->dw[$i] = $row_data["x" . $i] * $row_data["o"];
}
/** WEIGHTS **/
// Calculate Weights
$this->w[$i] = $this->dw[$i] + $weightCache[$i];
$weightCache[$i] = $this->w[$i];
/** CHECK-POINT **/
$checkpoints[$row_counter] += $this->w[$i];
} // END - for
foreach ($this->w as $index => $w_item) {
$debug_w["W" . $index] = $w_item;
$debug_dw["deltaW" . $index] = $this->dw[$index];
}
// Special for script debugging
$debug_vars[] = array_merge($row_data, array(
"Bias" => 1,
"Yin" => $yin,
"Y" => $Y
), $debug_dw, $debug_w, array(
"deltaBias" => 1
));
} // END - foreach
// Special for script debugging
$empty_data_row = array();
for($i = 1; $i <= $n_columns; $i ++) {
$empty_data_row["x" . $i] = "--";
$empty_data_row["W" . $i] = "--";
$empty_data_row["deltaW" . $i] = "--";
}
$debug_vars[] = array_merge($empty_data_row, array(
"o" => "--",
"Bias" => "--",
"Yin" => "--",
"Y" => "--",
"deltaBias" => "--"
));
// Counts training times
$totalRun ++;
// Now checks if the RNA is stable already
$referer_value = end($checkpoints);
// if all rows match the desired output ...
$sum = array_sum($checkpoints);
$n_rows = count($checkpoints);
if ($totalRun > 1 && ($sum / $n_rows) == $referer_value) {
$keepTrainning = false;
}
} // END - while
// Prepares the final result
$result = array();
for($i = 1; $i <= $n_columns; $i ++) {
$result["w" . $i] = $this->w[$i];
}
$this->debug($this->print_html_table($debug_vars));
return $result;
} // END - train
function testCase($input, $results) {
// Sweeps input columns
$result = 0;
$i = 1;
foreach ($input as $column_value) {
// Calculates teste Y
$result += $results["w" . $i] * $column_value;
$i ++;
}
// Checks in each class the test fits
return ($result > 0) ? true : false;
} // END - test_class
// Returns the html code of a html table base on a hash array
function print_html_table($array) {
$html = "";
$inner_html = "";
$table_header_composed = false;
$table_header = array();
// Builds table contents
foreach ($array as $array_item) {
$inner_html .= "<tr>\n";
foreach ( $array_item as $array_col_label => $array_col ) {
$inner_html .= "<td>\n";
$inner_html .= $array_col;
$inner_html .= "</td>\n";
if ($table_header_composed == false) {
$table_header[] = $array_col_label;
}
}
$table_header_composed = true;
$inner_html .= "</tr>\n";
}
// Builds full table
$html = "<table border=1>\n";
$html .= "<tr>\n";
foreach ($table_header as $table_header_item) {
$html .= "<td>\n";
$html .= "<b>" . $table_header_item . "</b>";
$html .= "</td>\n";
}
$html .= "</tr>\n";
$html .= $inner_html . "</table>";
return $html;
} // END - print_html_table
// Debug function
function debug($message) {
if ($this->debug == true) {
echo "<b>DEBUG:</b> $message";
}
} // END - debug
} // END - class