Matplotlib日志的错误刻度/标签(双轴)

Matplotlib日志的错误刻度/标签(双轴),matplotlib,plot,Matplotlib,Plot,我正在用matplotlib创建日志图。如下图所示,默认记号选择得很糟糕(最多);右y轴甚至根本没有(在线性等价物中有),而两个x轴都只有一个 有没有一种方法可以通过标签获得合理数量的刻度,而不用手动为每个绘图指定刻度 编辑:确切的代码太长,但下面是一个简短的问题示例: x = linspace(4, 18, 20) y = 1 / (x ** 4) fig = figure() ax = fig.add_axes([.1, .1, .8, .8]) ax.loglog(x, y) ax.s

我正在用matplotlib创建日志图。如下图所示,默认记号选择得很糟糕(最多);右y轴甚至根本没有(在线性等价物中有),而两个x轴都只有一个

有没有一种方法可以通过标签获得合理数量的刻度,而不用手动为每个绘图指定刻度


编辑:确切的代码太长,但下面是一个简短的问题示例:

x = linspace(4, 18, 20)
y = 1 / (x ** 4)
fig = figure()
ax = fig.add_axes([.1, .1, .8, .8])
ax.loglog(x, y)
ax.set_xlim([4, 18])
ax2 = ax.twiny()
ax2.set_xlim([4 / 3., 18 / 3.])
ax2.set_xscale('log')
show()

我一直在和你展示的东西做斗争(轴范围内只有一个大刻度)。没有一个matplotlib tick格式化程序让我满意,所以我使用
matplotlib.ticker.FuncFormatter
来实现我想要的。我还没有测试过双轴,但我的感觉是它无论如何都应该工作

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import ticker
import numpy as np

#@Mark: thanks for the suggestion :D
mi, ma, conv = 4, 8, 1./3.
x = np.linspace(mi, ma, 20)
y = 1 / (x ** 4)

fig, ax = plt.subplots()

ax.plot(x, y)  # plot the lines
ax.set_xscale('log') #convert to log
ax.set_yscale('log')

ax.set_xlim([0.2, 1.8])  #large enough, but should show only 1 tick

def ticks_format(value, index):
    """
    This function decompose value in base*10^{exp} and return a latex string.
    If 0<=value<99: return the value as it is.
    if 0.1<value<0: returns as it is rounded to the first decimal
    otherwise returns $base*10^{exp}$
    I've designed the function to be use with values for which the decomposition
    returns integers
    """
    exp = np.floor(np.log10(value))
    base = value/10**exp
    if exp == 0 or exp == 1:
        return '${0:d}$'.format(int(value))
    if exp == -1:
        return '${0:.1f}$'.format(value)
    else:
        return '${0:d}\\times10^{{{1:d}}}$'.format(int(base), int(exp))

# here specify which minor ticks per decate you want
# likely all of them give you a too crowed axis
subs = [1., 3., 6.]
# set the minor locators
ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(ticker.LogLocator(subs=subs))
ax.yaxis.set_minor_locator(ticker.LogLocator(subs=subs))
# remove the tick labels for the major ticks: 
# if not done they will be printed with the custom ones (you don't want it)
# plus you want to remove them to avoid font missmatch: the above function 
# returns latex string, and I don't know how matplotlib does exponents in labels
ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(ticker.NullFormatter())
ax.yaxis.set_major_formatter(ticker.NullFormatter())
# set the desired minor tick labels using the above function
ax.xaxis.set_minor_formatter(ticker.FuncFormatter(ticks_format))
ax.yaxis.set_minor_formatter(ticker.FuncFormatter(ticks_format))
导入matplotlib.pyplot作为plt
从matplotlib导入代码
将numpy作为np导入
#@马克:谢谢你的建议
mi,ma,conv=4,8,1./3。
x=np.linspace(mi,ma,20)
y=1/(x**4)
图,ax=plt.子批次()
画(x,y)#画线
ax.setxscale('log')#转换为log
ax.set_yscale('log'))
ax.set_xlim([0.2,1.8])#足够大,但应仅显示1个刻度
def ticks_格式(值、索引):
"""
此函数分解base*10^{exp}中的值并返回一个latex字符串。

如果最后是0,这是我在其他答案的帮助下所能想到的最好答案,而其他答案是:

在左边,x和y仅在一个数量级的一部分上变化,标签工作得相当好。在左边,x在1到2个数量级之间变化。它工作正常,但方法已达到极限。y值变化了许多数量级,并且自动使用标准标签

from matplotlib import ticker
from numpy import linspace, logspace, log10, floor
from warnings import warn

def round_to_n(x, n):
    ''' http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3410976/how-to-round-a-number-to-significant-figures-in-python '''
    return round(x, -int(floor(log10(abs(x)))) + (n - 1))

def ticks_log_format(value, index):
    ''' http://stackoverflow.com/questions/19239297/matplotlib-bad-ticks-labels-for-loglog-twin-axis '''
    pwr = floor(log10(value))
    base = value / (10 ** pwr)
    if pwr == 0 or pwr == 1:
        return '${0:d}$'.format(int(value))
    if -3 <= pwr < 0:
        return '${0:.3g}$'.format(value)
    if 0 < pwr <= 3:
        return '${0:d}$'.format(int(value))
    else:
        return '${0:d}\\times10^{{{1:d}}}$'.format(int(base), int(pwr))

def calc_ticks(domain, tick_count, equidistant):
    if equidistant:
        ticks = logspace(log10(domain[0]), log10(domain[1]), num = tick_count, base = 10)
    else:
        ticks = linspace(domain[0], domain[1], num = tick_count)
    for n in range(1, 6):
        if len(set(round_to_n(tick, n) for tick in ticks)) == tick_count:
            break    
    return list(round_to_n(tick, n) for tick in ticks)

''' small domain log ticks '''
def sdlt_x(ax, domain, tick_count = 4, equidistant = True):
    ''' http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3410976/how-to-round-a-number-to-significant-figures-in-python '''
    if min(domain) <= 0:
        warn('domain %g-%g contains values lower than 0' % (domain[0], domain[1]))
        domain = [max(value, 0.) for value in domain]
    ax.set_xscale('log')
    ax.set_xlim(domain)
    ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(ticker.FuncFormatter(ticks_log_format))
    if log10(max(domain) / min(domain)) > 1.7:
        return
    ticks = calc_ticks(domain, tick_count = tick_count, equidistant = equidistant)
    ax.set_xticks(ticks)

''' any way to prevent this code duplication? '''
def sdlt_y(ax, domain, tick_count = 5, equidistant = True):
    ''' http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3410976/how-to-round-a-number-to-significant-figures-in-python '''
    if min(domain) <= 0:
        warn('domain %g-%g contains values lower than 0' % (domain[0], domain[1]))
        domain = [max(value, 1e-8) for value in domain]
    ax.set_yscale('log')
    ax.set_ylim(domain)
    ax.yaxis.set_major_formatter(ticker.FuncFormatter(ticks_log_format))
    if log10(max(domain) / min(domain)) > 1.7:
        return
    ticks = calc_ticks(domain, tick_count = tick_count, equidistant = equidistant)
    ax.set_yticks(ticks)

''' demo '''
fig, (ax1, ax2,) = plt.subplots(1, 2)
for mi, ma, ax in ((100, 130, ax1,), (10, 400, ax2,), ):
    x = np.linspace(mi, ma, 50)
    y = 1 / ((x + random(50) * 0.1 * (ma - mi)) ** 4)
    ax.scatter(x, y)
    sdlt_x(ax, (mi, ma, ))
    sdlt_y(ax, (min(y), max(y), ))
show()
从matplotlib导入代码
从numpy导入linspace、logspace、log10、floor
从警告导入警告
def四舍五入到四舍五入(x,n):
''' http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3410976/how-to-round-a-number-to-significant-figures-in-python '''
返回轮(x,-int(地面(log10(abs(x)))+(n-1))
def ticks_log_格式(值、索引):
''' http://stackoverflow.com/questions/19239297/matplotlib-bad-ticks-labels-for-loglog-twin-axis '''
压水堆=地板(log10(值))
基准=值/(10**pwr)
如果pwr==0或pwr==1:
返回“${0:d}$”。格式(int(value))

如果-3,默认值只会在十年内打勾(并且您的时间少于十年)你能给我们看一下你用来生成这个的代码吗?可能是重复的。进一步看,看起来你在hartee/bohr轴上做所有的绘图,并且使用
twinx
twiny
来获得eV和angstrom轴,但不要对它们进行任何绘图。你需要明确设置它们的限制以匹配其他轴上的限制(正确转换)@tcaswell:你是对的,我从来没有给他们画过任何东西,但我已经设定了限制,我认为它们是正确的。我会看看可能的重复。另一个问题类似,但我不认为它是重复的,因为它手动设置了刻度点,这是我不想要的。它适用于大约一个数量级的变化ose到0我认为,这是一个常见的问题。如果你需要在较小的域上使用日志比例,小刻度没有多大帮助,但这可能是例外…而且格式很酷!