Memory 使用1个malloc调用为2d矩阵分配内存

a=malloc（sizeof（int*）*5）//分配5个指针 每个指针指向一个包含5个整数的数组

foo(int **m) { ... }

+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[0][0] | m[0][1] | m[0][2] | m[0][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[1][0] | m[1][1] | m[1][2] | m[1][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[2][0] | m[2][1] | m[2][2] | m[2][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[3][0] | m[3][1] | m[3][2] | m[3][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     

我们如何才能成功释放分配的内存？ 使用free（a）会产生运行时错误

foo(int **m) { ... }

+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[0][0] | m[0][1] | m[0][2] | m[0][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[1][0] | m[1][1] | m[1][2] | m[1][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[2][0] | m[2][1] | m[2][2] | m[2][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[3][0] | m[3][1] | m[3][2] | m[3][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     

使用 对于（i=0；i编辑：整个故事

foo(int **m) { ... }

+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[0][0] | m[0][1] | m[0][2] | m[0][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[1][0] | m[1][1] | m[1][2] | m[1][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[2][0] | m[2][1] | m[2][2] | m[2][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[3][0] | m[3][1] | m[3][2] | m[3][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     

以前我忽略了分配2d数组的三种方法

foo(int **m) { ... }

+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[0][0] | m[0][1] | m[0][2] | m[0][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[1][0] | m[1][1] | m[1][2] | m[1][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[2][0] | m[2][1] | m[2][2] | m[2][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[3][0] | m[3][1] | m[3][2] | m[3][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     

动态2d数组方法1:

foo(int **m) { ... }

+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[0][0] | m[0][1] | m[0][2] | m[0][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[1][0] | m[1][1] | m[1][2] | m[1][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[2][0] | m[2][1] | m[2][2] | m[2][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[3][0] | m[3][1] | m[3][2] | m[3][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     

如果您知道编译时的列数，那么这个方法是有效的

We can allocate memory for 2d matrix using 1 malloc call as
int (*a)[5];
int i,j;

foo(int **m) { ... }

+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[0][0] | m[0][1] | m[0][2] | m[0][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[1][0] | m[1][1] | m[1][2] | m[1][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[2][0] | m[2][1] | m[2][2] | m[2][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[3][0] | m[3][1] | m[3][2] | m[3][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     

+----+        +----+----+----+----+----+      
|m[0]|  --->  |    |    |    |    |    |      
+----+        +----+----+----+----+----+      
|m[1]|  --->  |    |    |    |    |    |      
+----+        +----+----+----+----+----+      
|m[2]|  --->  |    |    |    |    |    |      
+----+        +----+----+----+----+----+      
|m[3]|  --->  |    |    |    |    |    |      
+----+        +----+----+----+----+----+      

这是因为m被声明为指向CCOLS int数组的指针。编译器知道它的大小并为您计算。m[iRow]=一个CCOLS int数组

foo(int **m) { ... }

+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[0][0] | m[0][1] | m[0][2] | m[0][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[1][0] | m[1][1] | m[1][2] | m[1][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[2][0] | m[2][1] | m[2][2] | m[2][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[3][0] | m[3][1] | m[3][2] | m[3][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     

您只能将其传递给具有此签名的函数：

#define CCOLS 200

int (*m)[CCOLS] = malloc(cRows * sizeof(*m));
m[iRow][iCol] = n; // sets the item at iRow*CCOLS + iCol

...

free(m);

foo(int m[][CCOLS]) { ... }

foo(int **m) { ... }

+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[0][0] | m[0][1] | m[0][2] | m[0][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[1][0] | m[1][1] | m[1][2] | m[1][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[2][0] | m[2][1] | m[2][2] | m[2][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[3][0] | m[3][1] | m[3][2] | m[3][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     

int cCols, cRows, iCol, iRow;
... set cRows, cCols somehow, they could be passed in as parameters also ...
int (*m)[cCols] = malloc(cRows * sizeof(*m));
m[iRow][iCol] = n; // sets the item at iRow*cCols + iCol

...

free(m);

也许这个签名，取决于你的编译器和你使用的开关：

foo(int (*m)[CCOLS]) { ... }

foo(int **m) { ... }

+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[0][0] | m[0][1] | m[0][2] | m[0][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[1][0] | m[1][1] | m[1][2] | m[1][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[2][0] | m[2][1] | m[2][2] | m[2][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[3][0] | m[3][1] | m[3][2] | m[3][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     

不是这个签名：

#define CCOLS 200

int (*m)[CCOLS] = malloc(cRows * sizeof(*m));
m[iRow][iCol] = n; // sets the item at iRow*CCOLS + iCol

...

free(m);

foo(int m[][CCOLS]) { ... }

foo(int **m) { ... }

+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[0][0] | m[0][1] | m[0][2] | m[0][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[1][0] | m[1][1] | m[1][2] | m[1][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[2][0] | m[2][1] | m[2][2] | m[2][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[3][0] | m[3][1] | m[3][2] | m[3][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     

int cCols, cRows, iCol, iRow;
... set cRows, cCols somehow, they could be passed in as parameters also ...
int (*m)[cCols] = malloc(cRows * sizeof(*m));
m[iRow][iCol] = n; // sets the item at iRow*cCols + iCol

...

free(m);

因为内存布局和大小不同

foo(int **m) { ... }

+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[0][0] | m[0][1] | m[0][2] | m[0][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[1][0] | m[1][1] | m[1][2] | m[1][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[2][0] | m[2][1] | m[2][2] | m[2][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[3][0] | m[3][1] | m[3][2] | m[3][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     

int m[][CCOLS]如下所示：

foo(int **m) { ... }

+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[0][0] | m[0][1] | m[0][2] | m[0][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[1][0] | m[1][1] | m[1][2] | m[1][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[2][0] | m[2][1] | m[2][2] | m[2][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[3][0] | m[3][1] | m[3][2] | m[3][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     

int**m如下所示：

foo(int **m) { ... }

+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[0][0] | m[0][1] | m[0][2] | m[0][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[1][0] | m[1][1] | m[1][2] | m[1][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[2][0] | m[2][1] | m[2][2] | m[2][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[3][0] | m[3][1] | m[3][2] | m[3][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     

动态2d数组方法2（并非所有编译器都支持C99）：

foo(int **m) { ... }

+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[0][0] | m[0][1] | m[0][2] | m[0][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[1][0] | m[1][1] | m[1][2] | m[1][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[2][0] | m[2][1] | m[2][2] | m[2][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[3][0] | m[3][1] | m[3][2] | m[3][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     

这一个与前一个相同，但您不需要在编译时知道维度

We can allocate memory for 2d matrix using 1 malloc call as
int (*a)[5];
int i,j;

foo(int **m) { ... }

+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[0][0] | m[0][1] | m[0][2] | m[0][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[1][0] | m[1][1] | m[1][2] | m[1][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[2][0] | m[2][1] | m[2][2] | m[2][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[3][0] | m[3][1] | m[3][2] | m[3][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     

+----+        +----+----+----+----+----+      
|m[0]|  --->  |    |    |    |    |    |      
+----+        +----+----+----+----+----+      
|m[1]|  --->  |    |    |    |    |    |      
+----+        +----+----+----+----+----+      
|m[2]|  --->  |    |    |    |    |    |      
+----+        +----+----+----+----+----+      
|m[3]|  --->  |    |    |    |    |    |      
+----+        +----+----+----+----+----+      

您只能将其传递给具有此签名的函数：

#define CCOLS 200

int (*m)[CCOLS] = malloc(cRows * sizeof(*m));
m[iRow][iCol] = n; // sets the item at iRow*CCOLS + iCol

...

free(m);

foo(int m[][CCOLS]) { ... }

foo(int **m) { ... }

+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[0][0] | m[0][1] | m[0][2] | m[0][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[1][0] | m[1][1] | m[1][2] | m[1][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[2][0] | m[2][1] | m[2][2] | m[2][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[3][0] | m[3][1] | m[3][2] | m[3][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     

int cCols, cRows, iCol, iRow;
... set cRows, cCols somehow, they could be passed in as parameters also ...
int (*m)[cCols] = malloc(cRows * sizeof(*m));
m[iRow][iCol] = n; // sets the item at iRow*cCols + iCol

...

free(m);

还是这个

foo(int **m) { ... }

+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[0][0] | m[0][1] | m[0][2] | m[0][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[1][0] | m[1][1] | m[1][2] | m[1][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[2][0] | m[2][1] | m[2][2] | m[2][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[3][0] | m[3][1] | m[3][2] | m[3][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     

foo(int cCols, m[][cCols])  {}

如果您使用gcc，这里有更多

foo(int **m) { ... }

+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[0][0] | m[0][1] | m[0][2] | m[0][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[1][0] | m[1][1] | m[1][2] | m[1][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[2][0] | m[2][1] | m[2][2] | m[2][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[3][0] | m[3][1] | m[3][2] | m[3][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     

使用堆栈的动态2d数组方法3！（并非所有编译器都支持C99）：

foo(int **m) { ... }

+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[0][0] | m[0][1] | m[0][2] | m[0][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[1][0] | m[1][1] | m[1][2] | m[1][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[2][0] | m[2][1] | m[2][2] | m[2][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[3][0] | m[3][1] | m[3][2] | m[3][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     

如果您对堆栈上的2d数组没有问题，这可以让您完全避免malloc

foo(int **m) { ... }

+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[0][0] | m[0][1] | m[0][2] | m[0][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[1][0] | m[1][1] | m[1][2] | m[1][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[2][0] | m[2][1] | m[2][2] | m[2][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[3][0] | m[3][1] | m[3][2] | m[3][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     

foo(int cRows, int cCols, m[cRows][cCols])  {}

我想你也可以这样声明一个全局变量

foo(int **m) { ... }

+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[0][0] | m[0][1] | m[0][2] | m[0][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[1][0] | m[1][1] | m[1][2] | m[1][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[2][0] | m[2][1] | m[2][2] | m[2][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[3][0] | m[3][1] | m[3][2] | m[3][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     

将其传递给函数的方式与方法2相同

foo(int **m) { ... }

+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[0][0] | m[0][1] | m[0][2] | m[0][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[1][0] | m[1][1] | m[1][2] | m[1][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[2][0] | m[2][1] | m[2][2] | m[2][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[3][0] | m[3][1] | m[3][2] | m[3][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     

动态2d数组方法4:

foo(int **m) { ... }

+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[0][0] | m[0][1] | m[0][2] | m[0][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[1][0] | m[1][1] | m[1][2] | m[1][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[2][0] | m[2][1] | m[2][2] | m[2][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[3][0] | m[3][1] | m[3][2] | m[3][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     

这是很多人使用的指针数组方法

foo(int **m) { ... }

+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[0][0] | m[0][1] | m[0][2] | m[0][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[1][0] | m[1][1] | m[1][2] | m[1][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[2][0] | m[2][1] | m[2][2] | m[2][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[3][0] | m[3][1] | m[3][2] | m[3][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     

您使用一个malloc进行分配以提高效率。当然，然后您只使用一个free。只有当您有巨大的数组，其中连续内存变为并发出时，您才会希望对每一行分别进行malloc

foo(int **m) { ... }

+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[0][0] | m[0][1] | m[0][2] | m[0][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[1][0] | m[1][1] | m[1][2] | m[1][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[2][0] | m[2][1] | m[2][2] | m[2][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     
| m[3][0] | m[3][1] | m[3][2] | m[3][3] |     
+---------+---------+---------+---------+     

int cRows, cCols;
... set cRows, cCols somehow ...
int m[cRows][cCols];
m[iRow][iCol] = n; 

int-cCols=10，cRows=100，iRow；
//分配：
//cCols*cRows*sizeof（int）=数据的空间
//cRows*sizeof（int*）=行PTR的空间
int**m=malloc（cCols*cRows*sizeof（int）+cRows*sizeof（int*）；
//现在连接行指针。它们取第一个cRows*sizeof（int*）
//因为这正是m[row]所期望的。
//我们希望每个行指针都有自己的cCols大小的整数数组。
//为此，我们将使用行指针后的空格。
//计算行指针后面的空格所在位置的一种方法是
//取第n+1元素的地址：&m[cRows]。
//要获得行ptr，将&m[cRows]转换为int*，并将iRow*cCols添加到其中。
对于（iRow=0；iRow

a=malloc（sizeof（int*）*5）；

实际上为int指针的5个元素数组分配内存，而

int（*a）[5]

表示指向5个int数组的指针。int*m=malloc（cxcysizeof（int）+cysizeof（int*）；在这一行中，第二个术语应该是cxsizeof（int），如果您正在制作行指针。因此，行指针将是100个元素中的10个。如果是，请更正wrong@Luv：这不是我第一次遇到bug……我认为这是正确的，因为cy是行的#。因此需要需要需要cysizeof（int）的cy行指针字节。我将对代码进行注释，以明确“y”是行计数器，cy是行计数。