Oracle PL/SQL：如何声明会话变量？

如何在PL/SQL中声明会话变量？该变量仅在会话期间保持不变，而不必将其存储在数据库中？

您可以创建一个包级变量。这是一个简单的例子：

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE my_package
AS
    FUNCTION get_a RETURN NUMBER;
END my_package;
/

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY my_package
AS
    a  NUMBER(20);

    FUNCTION get_a
    RETURN NUMBER
    IS
    BEGIN
      RETURN a;
    END get_a;
END my_package;
/

如果您这样做，您应该仔细阅读（并正确处理）

ORA-04068

错误。每个数据库会话都有它自己的值。您可以尝试以下方法：

SELECT my_package.get_a FROM DUAL;

---

您可以使用“用户创建的上下文”来存储会话中跨多个单元共享的数据

首先，创建一个上下文：

CREATE CONTEXT SYS_CONTEXT ('userenv', 'current_schema')|| '_ctx' USING PKG_COMMON

其次，创建一个包来管理您的上下文：

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE PKG_COMMON
IS
   common_ctx_name   CONSTANT VARCHAR2 (60)
                 := SYS_CONTEXT ('userenv', 'current_schema')
                    || '_ctx';

   FUNCTION fcn_get_context_name RETURN VARCHAR2;
   PROCEDURE prc_set_context_value (var_name VARCHAR2, var_value NUMBER);
END;

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY PKG_COMMON
IS
   FUNCTION fcn_get_context_name
      RETURN VARCHAR2
   IS
   BEGIN
      RETURN common_ctx_name;
   END;

   PROCEDURE prc_set_context_value (var_name VARCHAR2, var_value NUMBER)
   IS
   BEGIN
      DBMS_SESSION.set_context (common_ctx_name, var_name, var_value);
   END;
END;

prc_set_context_值可以更高级，这只是一个示例。 创建了上下文和包之后，就可以开始使用它们了。 使用过程调用设置上下文变量

begin
  PKG_COMMON.prc_set_context_value('MyVariable', 9000)
end;

并在任何地方使用它-任何过程、包、函数或事件视图

CREATE VIEW V_TEST AS
  SELECT ID, LOGIN, NAME 
    FROM USERS 
   WHERE ROLE_ID =  SYS_CONTEXT(PKG_COMMON.FCN_GET_CONTEXT_NAME, 'MyVariable')

---

有关更多信息，请参见我喜欢使用简短但直观的语法，因此会创建一些

ctx

包，这些包只提供一个函数来设置和获取一些全局“变量”
（仅对当前会话有效；在我的情况下，不需要将其作为用户创建的上下文变量实现，但可以在引擎盖下轻松地对其进行更改；例如，使用一些

foo varchar2

和

bar number

vars）

用法：

select ctx.foo from dual                                                 -- => null (init)
select ctx.foo('a') from dual                                            -- => 'a'
select ctx.foo('b') from dual ; select ctx.foo from dual                 -- => 'b', 'b'

create or replace package  ctx  as

  -- select ctx.foo from dual                                            -- => null (init)
  -- select ctx.foo('a') from dual                                       -- => 'a'
  -- select ctx.foo('b') from dual ; select ctx.foo from dual            -- => 'b', 'b'
  -- (optimizer should cause the subquerys unselected columns not to be executed:)
  -- select 'ups' from (select ctx.foo('a') from dual) ; select ctx.foo from dual
    -- => null
  -- parallel_enable for queries since it should not change inside of them
  function foo(  set varchar2 := null  ) return varchar2  parallel_enable;

  -- (samples like in foo above as executable test comments like in foo above skipped for 
  -- brevity)
  function bar(  set number := null  ) return  number  parallel_enable;

end;

create or replace package body  ctx  as

  foo_  varchar2(30);  -- e.g. 'blabla'
  bar_  number;


  -- internal helper function for varchars
  function set_if_not_null( ref  in out  varchar2,  val  varchar2  ) return varchar2 as 
  begin
    if  val is not null  then  ref := val;  end if;
    return ref ;
  end;


  -- internal helper function for numbers
  function set_if_not_null( ref  in out  number,  val number  ) return  number  as begin
    if  val is not null  then  ref := val;  end if;
    return ref ;
  end;


  -- (same test comments like in foo above skipped for brevity)      
  function foo(  set varchar2 := null  ) return varchar2  parallel_enable as begin
    return set_if_not_null(  foo_,  set  ) ;
  end;


  -- (same test comments like in foo above skipped for brevity)      
  function bar(  set number := null  ) return  number  parallel_enable as begin
    return set_if_not_null(  bar_,  set  ) ;
  end;

end;

包头：

select ctx.foo from dual                                                 -- => null (init)
select ctx.foo('a') from dual                                            -- => 'a'
select ctx.foo('b') from dual ; select ctx.foo from dual                 -- => 'b', 'b'

create or replace package  ctx  as

  -- select ctx.foo from dual                                            -- => null (init)
  -- select ctx.foo('a') from dual                                       -- => 'a'
  -- select ctx.foo('b') from dual ; select ctx.foo from dual            -- => 'b', 'b'
  -- (optimizer should cause the subquerys unselected columns not to be executed:)
  -- select 'ups' from (select ctx.foo('a') from dual) ; select ctx.foo from dual
    -- => null
  -- parallel_enable for queries since it should not change inside of them
  function foo(  set varchar2 := null  ) return varchar2  parallel_enable;

  -- (samples like in foo above as executable test comments like in foo above skipped for 
  -- brevity)
  function bar(  set number := null  ) return  number  parallel_enable;

end;

create or replace package body  ctx  as

  foo_  varchar2(30);  -- e.g. 'blabla'
  bar_  number;


  -- internal helper function for varchars
  function set_if_not_null( ref  in out  varchar2,  val  varchar2  ) return varchar2 as 
  begin
    if  val is not null  then  ref := val;  end if;
    return ref ;
  end;


  -- internal helper function for numbers
  function set_if_not_null( ref  in out  number,  val number  ) return  number  as begin
    if  val is not null  then  ref := val;  end if;
    return ref ;
  end;


  -- (same test comments like in foo above skipped for brevity)      
  function foo(  set varchar2 := null  ) return varchar2  parallel_enable as begin
    return set_if_not_null(  foo_,  set  ) ;
  end;


  -- (same test comments like in foo above skipped for brevity)      
  function bar(  set number := null  ) return  number  parallel_enable as begin
    return set_if_not_null(  bar_,  set  ) ;
  end;

end;

包体：

select ctx.foo from dual                                                 -- => null (init)
select ctx.foo('a') from dual                                            -- => 'a'
select ctx.foo('b') from dual ; select ctx.foo from dual                 -- => 'b', 'b'

create or replace package  ctx  as

  -- select ctx.foo from dual                                            -- => null (init)
  -- select ctx.foo('a') from dual                                       -- => 'a'
  -- select ctx.foo('b') from dual ; select ctx.foo from dual            -- => 'b', 'b'
  -- (optimizer should cause the subquerys unselected columns not to be executed:)
  -- select 'ups' from (select ctx.foo('a') from dual) ; select ctx.foo from dual
    -- => null
  -- parallel_enable for queries since it should not change inside of them
  function foo(  set varchar2 := null  ) return varchar2  parallel_enable;

  -- (samples like in foo above as executable test comments like in foo above skipped for 
  -- brevity)
  function bar(  set number := null  ) return  number  parallel_enable;

end;

create or replace package body  ctx  as

  foo_  varchar2(30);  -- e.g. 'blabla'
  bar_  number;


  -- internal helper function for varchars
  function set_if_not_null( ref  in out  varchar2,  val  varchar2  ) return varchar2 as 
  begin
    if  val is not null  then  ref := val;  end if;
    return ref ;
  end;


  -- internal helper function for numbers
  function set_if_not_null( ref  in out  number,  val number  ) return  number  as begin
    if  val is not null  then  ref := val;  end if;
    return ref ;
  end;


  -- (same test comments like in foo above skipped for brevity)      
  function foo(  set varchar2 := null  ) return varchar2  parallel_enable as begin
    return set_if_not_null(  foo_,  set  ) ;
  end;


  -- (same test comments like in foo above skipped for brevity)      
  function bar(  set number := null  ) return  number  parallel_enable as begin
    return set_if_not_null(  bar_,  set  ) ;
  end;

end;

如果您知道变量（

foo

）可能在单个查询中发生更改，请删除

parallel\u enable

，否则，如果查询是可并行的，则会更有效

---

根据需要，当然可以添加一些

foo_reset（）

将其设置为null等。

当我创建上下文时，它会说：ORA-28265:不允许以“sys_”开头的命名空间。我试着把它设置为变量。但是它设置变量名而不是值为什么使用

CURRENT_SCHEMA

动态构建上下文名？它需要全局唯一还是什么？我假设您需要一个过程来设置值？@jpmc26有一个setter是正常的。我认为可以将变量放入包中（而不是包体）以使其公开。