Oracle &引用；ORA-00904无效标识符“；添加外键约束时

我试图创建一个“诊断”表（最后一个表），但创建外键的两行代码有问题。我确信这就是问题所在，因为当我注释掉它们时，我可以创建表。前4个表可以创建，没有错误，因此没有问题。谢谢你阅读我的问题

我试图找出一些语法错误，但没有用

CREATE TABLE nurse(
nurse_ID number(5) not null,
nurse_name varchar2(20),
nurse_number number(10),
nurse_address varchar2(50),
CONSTRAINTS nurse_pk PRIMARY KEY (nurse_ID)
);

CREATE TABLE medicine(
med_ID number(10) not null,
med_name varchar2(30),
med_type varchar2(20),
exp_date date,
dose_lim float,
med_components varchar2(50),
CONSTRAINTS med_pk PRIMARY KEY (med_ID)
);

CREATE TABLE in_patient (
in_pat_ID number(5) not null,
in_pat_name varchar2(20),
in_pat_add varchar2(50),
in_pat_dob date,
in_pat_history varchar2(100),
in_mode_payment varchar2(20),
in_start_date date,
in_end_date date,
CONSTRAINTS in_pat_pk PRIMARY KEY (in_pat_ID)
);

CREATE TABLE out_patient (
out_pat_ID number(5) not null,
out_pat_name varchar2(20),
out_pat_add varchar2(50),
out_pat_dob date,
out_pat_history varchar2(100),
out_mode_payment varchar(20),
out_date_of_visit date,
CONSTRAINTS out_pat_pk PRIMARY KEY (out_pat_ID)
);

CREATE TABLE diagnosis(
dia_ref number(12) not null,
dia_type varchar2(20),
dia_date date,
dia_result varchar2(8), --Either Negative or positive.
CONSTRAINTS dia_pk PRIMARY KEY (dia_ref),
--one of the following is going to be null when you insert rows into this table since one diagnosis can only be associated with a single patient
CONSTRAINTS dia_out_fk FOREIGN KEY (out_pat_ID) REFERENCES out_patient (out_pat_ID),
CONSTRAINTS dia_in_fk FOREIGN KEY (in_pat_ID) REFERENCES in_patient (in_pat_ID)
);

---

我希望可以创建没有错误的表。

您的

诊断

表将

out\u pat\u ID

和

in\u pat\u ID

作为列引用，这些列应该用作外键，但这些列实际上不存在于表定义中。尝试在此处添加它们作为一个可能的修复：

CREATE TABLE diagnosis (
    dia_ref number(12) NOT NULL,
    dia_type varchar2(20),
    dia_date date,
    dia_result varchar2(8),
    out_pat_ID number(5),
    in_pat_ID number(5)
    CONSTRAINT dia_pk PRIMARY KEY (dia_ref),
    CONSTRAINT dia_out_fk FOREIGN KEY (out_pat_ID) REFERENCES out_patient (out_pat_ID),
    CONSTRAINT dia_in_fk FOREIGN KEY (in_pat_ID) REFERENCES in_patient (in_pat_ID)
);

---

诊断表需要加上\u pat\u ID和in\u pat\u ID列

✓

---

dbfiddle

如果每次诊断只允许一名患者，那么您还应该有一个

检查约束。您的评论和数据结构不同步：

CREATE TABLE diagnosis (
    dia_ref number(12) not null,
    dia_type varchar2(20),
    dia_date date,
    dia_result varchar2(8), --Either Negative or positive.
    out_pat_ID number(5),
    in_pat_ID number(5),
    constraint chk_diagnosis_pat_id
        check ( (out_pat_id is not null and in_pat_id is null) or
                (out_pat_id is null and in_pat_id is not null)
              ),                 
    constraint dia_pk primary key (dia_ref),
    --one of the following is going to be null when you insert rows into this table since one diagnosis can only be associated with a single patient
    constraint dia_out_fk foreign key (out_pat_ID) references out_patient (out_pat_ID),
    constraints dia_in_fk foreign key (in_pat_ID) references in_patient (in_pat_ID)
);

也就是说，单独的住院和门诊表格看起来并不正确。或者，至少，您需要一个
persons
表，其中包含一个人随时间变化的信息。然后，您可以使用单独的“预约”和“注册”来确定他们是进行门诊预约还是注册住院治疗。
我个人更喜欢将单列约束内联定义为列定义的一部分。然后，您不必重复列名，对于FK约束，您可以让列继承其父数据类型，这样就不容易出错

create table in_patient
( in_pat_id          number(5) constraint in_pat_pk primary key
, in_pat_name        varchar2(20)
, in_pat_add         varchar2(50)
, in_pat_dob         date
, in_pat_history     varchar2(100)
, in_mode_payment    varchar2(20)
, in_start_date      date
, in_end_date        date
);

create table out_patient
( out_pat_id         number(5) constraint out_pat_pk primary key
, out_pat_name       varchar2(20)
, out_pat_add        varchar2(50)
, out_pat_dob        date
, out_pat_history    varchar2(100)
, out_mode_payment   varchar(20)
, out_date_of_visit  date
);

create table diagnosis
( dia_ref            number(12) constraint dia_pk primary key
, dia_type           varchar2(20)
, dia_date           date
, dia_result         varchar2(8)
, dia_out_fk         references out_patient (out_pat_id)
, dia_in_fk          references in_patient (in_pat_id)
);

如果
dia_result
只能是
'POSITIVE'
或
'NEGATIVE'
，那么我建议添加一个检查约束来强制执行此操作

可能还有一些列可以定义为
notnull
。定义您能想到的所有可能的约束是个好主意。
非常感谢您的回答。这是有道理的。。。我确实在我的表格中添加了它们，现在它起作用了。非常感谢您的回答。是的，这很有道理。。现在它起作用了。我的这个问题相当愚蠢1.非常感谢你的回答。感谢你们不仅回答了我的问题，而且给了我进一步的更正和建议。我将尝试添加检查约束。感谢您的回答和良好的建议。我将尝试在适当的地方添加一些约束。
    CREATE TABLE medicine(

    med_ID number(10) not null,
    med_name varchar2(30),
    med_type varchar2(20),
    exp_date date,
    dose_lim float,
    med_components varchar2(50),

    CONSTRAINTS med_pk PRIMARY KEY (med_ID)

    );

✓
    CREATE TABLE in_patient (

    in_pat_ID number(5) not null,
    in_pat_name varchar2(20),
    in_pat_add varchar2(50),
    in_pat_dob date,
    in_pat_history varchar2(100),
    in_mode_payment varchar2(20),
    in_start_date date,
    in_end_date date,
    CONSTRAINTS in_pat_pk PRIMARY KEY (in_pat_ID)
    );

✓
    CREATE TABLE out_patient (

    out_pat_ID number(5) not null,
    out_pat_name varchar2(20),
    out_pat_add varchar2(50),
    out_pat_dob date,
    out_pat_history varchar2(100),
    out_mode_payment varchar(20),
    out_date_of_visit date,
    CONSTRAINTS out_pat_pk PRIMARY KEY (out_pat_ID)
    );

✓
    CREATE TABLE diagnosis(

    dia_ref number(12) not null,
    dia_type varchar2(20),
    dia_date date,
    dia_result varchar2(8), --Either Negative or positive.
    out_pat_ID number(5) not null,
    in_pat_ID number(5) not null,

    CONSTRAINTS dia_pk PRIMARY KEY (dia_ref),
    --one of the following is going to be null when you insert rows into this table since one diagnosis can only be associated with a single patient
    CONSTRAINTS dia_out_fk FOREIGN KEY (out_pat_ID) REFERENCES out_patient (out_pat_ID),
    CONSTRAINTS dia_in_fk FOREIGN KEY (in_pat_ID) REFERENCES in_patient (in_pat_ID)

    );

✓
CREATE TABLE diagnosis (
    dia_ref number(12) not null,
    dia_type varchar2(20),
    dia_date date,
    dia_result varchar2(8), --Either Negative or positive.
    out_pat_ID number(5),
    in_pat_ID number(5),
    constraint chk_diagnosis_pat_id
        check ( (out_pat_id is not null and in_pat_id is null) or
                (out_pat_id is null and in_pat_id is not null)
              ),                 
    constraint dia_pk primary key (dia_ref),
    --one of the following is going to be null when you insert rows into this table since one diagnosis can only be associated with a single patient
    constraint dia_out_fk foreign key (out_pat_ID) references out_patient (out_pat_ID),
    constraints dia_in_fk foreign key (in_pat_ID) references in_patient (in_pat_ID)
);

create table in_patient
( in_pat_id          number(5) constraint in_pat_pk primary key
, in_pat_name        varchar2(20)
, in_pat_add         varchar2(50)
, in_pat_dob         date
, in_pat_history     varchar2(100)
, in_mode_payment    varchar2(20)
, in_start_date      date
, in_end_date        date
);

create table out_patient
( out_pat_id         number(5) constraint out_pat_pk primary key
, out_pat_name       varchar2(20)
, out_pat_add        varchar2(50)
, out_pat_dob        date
, out_pat_history    varchar2(100)
, out_mode_payment   varchar(20)
, out_date_of_visit  date
);

create table diagnosis
( dia_ref            number(12) constraint dia_pk primary key
, dia_type           varchar2(20)
, dia_date           date
, dia_result         varchar2(8)
, dia_out_fk         references out_patient (out_pat_id)
, dia_in_fk          references in_patient (in_pat_id)
);