有没有办法将一个旋转的PDF文档覆盖到另一个文档上？

我有SVG文档，在我的工作流程结束时通过ghostscript将其转换为PDF。现在我必须添加一个新功能。 我需要用PDF内容替换SVG中的某些元素。不是 仅覆盖，它可以按比例旋转和缩放，以下是一幅图像，例如：

范例

我的问题是有没有办法用ghostscript来做

目前，我只是通过SVG图像元素将其作为光栅化图像插入，但我需要将其作为矢量进行打印

注意：我只需要从插入的PDF中选取第一页

---

我知道有一个pdftk可以将一个PDF文件覆盖在另一个PDF文件上，但我不能用它缩放和旋转覆盖的PDF文件。

好的，所以我担心，由于Ghostscript PDF解释器最近为解决安全漏洞而进行了更改，此代码只能在9.26版本之前使用。在未来，PDF itnerpreter将被修改，并且会有更好的方法来实现这一点，但我担心这是一个长期目标。现在，要使用这段代码，您需要坚持使用旧版本

执行此操作的PostScript程序如下所示：

%!PS

%%
%% This code is copied from pdf_main.ps, pdfshowpage_finish
%% sadly that routine always calls showpage, and we want that
%% to be under our control, so we have to duplicate the code
%% here. Not only that but it uses GS extensions which aren't
%% available outside of startup, so some things it simply can't
%% replicate. As a result some of the error handling is less
%% good.
%%
%% I plan to extend the PDF interpreter with two new
%% routines, pdfnoshowpage_finish and then have both
%% that and pdfshowpage_finish call pdfoptionalshowpage_finish
%% which will take a boolean determining whether to actually
%% call the showpage. At that time we'll alter this code.
%%
/draw_page_content {    % <pagedict> pdfshowpage_finish -
   save /PDFSave exch store
   /PDFdictstackcount countdictstack store
   /PDFexecstackcount count 2 sub store
   (before exec) VMDEBUG

   % set up color space substitution (this must be inside the page save)
   pdfshowpage_setcspacesub

        % Display the actual page contents.
   8 dict begin
   /BXlevel 0 def
   /BMClevel 0 def
   /OFFlevels 0 dict def
   /BGDefault currentblackgeneration def
   /UCRDefault currentundercolorremoval def
        %****** DOESN'T HANDLE COLOR TRANSFER YET ******
   /TRDefault currenttransfer def
  matrix currentmatrix 
  2 dict
  dictbeginpage setmatrix
  /DefaultQstate qstate store

  count 1 sub /pdfemptycount exch store
        % If the page uses any transparency features, show it within
        % a transparency group.
  dup pageusestransparency dup /PDFusingtransparency exch def {
    % Show the page within a PDF 1.4 device filter.
    0 .pushpdf14devicefilter {
      /DefaultQstate qstate store       % device has changed -- reset DefaultQstate
      % If the page has a Group, enclose contents in transparency group.
      % (Adobe Tech Note 5407, sec 9.2)
      dup /Group knownoget {
        1 index /CropBox pget {
          /CropBox exch
        } {
          1 index get_media_box pop /MediaBox exch
        } ifelse
        oforce_elems normrect_elems fix_empty_rect_elems 4 array astore .beginformgroup 
        showpagecontents
        .endtransparencygroup
      } {
        showpagecontents
      } ifelse
    } stopped {
      % abort the transparency device 
      .abortpdf14devicefilter
      /DefaultQstate qstate store   % device has changed -- reset DefaultQstate
      stop
    } if .poppdf14devicefilter
    /DefaultQstate qstate store % device has changed -- reset DefaultQstate
  } {
    showpagecontents
  } ifelse
  .free_page_resources
  % todo: mixing drawing ops outside the device filter could cause
  % problems, for example with the pnga device.

  end           % scratch dict
  % Some PDF files don't have matching q/Q (gsave/grestore) so we need
  % to clean up any left over dicts from the dictstack

  PDFdictstackcount //false
  { countdictstack 2 index le { exit } if
    currentdict /n known not or
    end
  } loop 

  pop
  count PDFexecstackcount sub { pop } repeat
  Repaired      % pass Repaired state around the restore
  PDFSave restore
  currentglobal pdfdict gcheck .setglobal
  .setglobal
  /Repaired exch def
} def

% And now, draw the page from teh first PDF file
(d:/temp/SO/target.pdf) (r) file runpdfbegin
save
1 pdfgetpage
dup /Page exch store                                         draw_page_content
restore                                      
runpdfend

% and then the page from the secodn PDF file
(d:/temp/SO/source.pdf) (r) file runpdfbegin
save
1 pdfgetpage
dup /Page exch store                                        

% Before drawing the second page, adjust the CTM so
% that the bottom left corner of the page is co-incident
% with the bottom left of the area we want to draw the
% page in
75 575 translate

% adjust the size of the output
0.11 0.11 scale

% and rotate it
-46 rotate

draw_page_content
restore                                      
runpdfend

showpage

---

将其保存在一个文件中，调用test.ps，并适当调整PostScript程序中的路径。然后使用：gs-sDEVICE=pdfwrite-sOutputFile=out.pdf test.ps运行Ghostscript，您将得到一个类似于我认为您需要的pdf文件。显然，您还需要更改translate/scale/rotate的编号。

我在这里发布了一个支持剪切粘贴的PDF文件的解决方案，以防将来有人需要它。我添加了额外的参数来绘制页面内容以支持这一点。我发现dict beginpage setmatrix命令以某种方式覆盖了剪切路径，它应该仅在该命令之后设置。我不是PostScript方面的专家，但至少这个解决方案是可行的。再次感谢肯斯的帮助

%!PS

%%
%% This code is copied from pdf_main.ps, pdfshowpage_finish
%% sadly that routine always calls showpage, and we want that
%% to be under our control, so we have to duplicate the code
%% here. Not only that but it uses GS extensions which aren't
%% available outside of startup, so some things it simply can't
%% replicate. As a result some of the error handling is less
%% good.
%%
%% I plan to extend the PDF interpreter with two new
%% routines, pdfnoshowpage_finish and then have both
%% that and pdfshowpage_finish call pdfoptionalshowpage_finish
%% which will take a boolean determining whether to actually
%% call the showpage. At that time we'll alter this code.
%%
/draw_page_content {    % <pagedict> pdfshowpage_finish -
   /clipx exch def /clipy exch def /clip_width exch def /clip_height exch def /should_clip exch def
   save /PDFSave exch store
   /PDFdictstackcount countdictstack store
   /PDFexecstackcount count 2 sub store
   (before exec) VMDEBUG

   % set up color space substitution (this must be inside the page save)
   pdfshowpage_setcspacesub

        % Display the actual page contents.
   8 dict begin
   /BXlevel 0 def
   /BMClevel 0 def
   /OFFlevels 0 dict def
   /BGDefault currentblackgeneration def
   /UCRDefault currentundercolorremoval def
        %****** DOESN'T HANDLE COLOR TRANSFER YET ******
   /TRDefault currenttransfer def
  matrix currentmatrix 
  2 dict
  dictbeginpage setmatrix

  % set clipping here
  should_clip 0 gt
  {
    newpath clipx clipy moveto clipx clipy clip_height add lineto clipx clip_width add clipy clip_height add lineto clipx clip_width add clipy lineto closepath clip
  }
  {
  }
  ifelse

  /DefaultQstate qstate store

  count 1 sub /pdfemptycount exch store
        % If the page uses any transparency features, show it within
        % a transparency group.
  dup pageusestransparency dup /PDFusingtransparency exch def {
    % Show the page within a PDF 1.4 device filter.
    0 .pushpdf14devicefilter {
      /DefaultQstate qstate store       % device has changed -- reset DefaultQstate
      % If the page has a Group, enclose contents in transparency group.
      % (Adobe Tech Note 5407, sec 9.2)
      dup /Group knownoget {
        1 index /CropBox pget {
          /CropBox exch
        } {
          1 index get_media_box pop /MediaBox exch
        } ifelse
        oforce_elems normrect_elems fix_empty_rect_elems 4 array astore .beginformgroup 
        showpagecontents
        .endtransparencygroup
      } {
        showpagecontents
      } ifelse
    } stopped {
      % abort the transparency device 
      .abortpdf14devicefilter
      /DefaultQstate qstate store   % device has changed -- reset DefaultQstate
      stop
    } if .poppdf14devicefilter
    /DefaultQstate qstate store % device has changed -- reset DefaultQstate
  } {
    showpagecontents
  } ifelse
  .free_page_resources
  % todo: mixing drawing ops outside the device filter could cause
  % problems, for example with the pnga device.

  end           % scratch dict
  % Some PDF files don't have matching q/Q (gsave/grestore) so we need
  % to clean up any left over dicts from the dictstack

  PDFdictstackcount //false
  { countdictstack 2 index le { exit } if
    currentdict /n known not or
    end
  } loop 

  pop
  count PDFexecstackcount sub { pop } repeat
  Repaired      % pass Repaired state around the restore
  PDFSave restore
  currentglobal pdfdict gcheck .setglobal
  .setglobal
  /Repaired exch def
} bind def

% And now, draw the page from teh first PDF file
(/opt/files/main.pdf) (r) file runpdfbegin
save
1 pdfgetpage
dup /Page exch store 0 1125 1125 0 0 draw_page_content
restore                                      
runpdfend

gsave

% and then the page from the next PDF file
(/opt/files/placement1.pdf) (r) file runpdfbegin
save
1 pdfgetpage
dup /Page exch store                                        

% Before drawing the second page, adjust the CTM so
% that the bottom left corner of the page is co-incident
% with the bottom left of the area we want to draw the
% page in
120 120 translate

% and rotate it
25 rotate

% adjust the size of the output
0.7 0.7 scale

%let's skew file
[1 0 1.3 1 0 0] concat

% draw file and clip it
1 100 100 0 0 draw_page_content

restore                                      
runpdfend
grestore

showpage

---

不能使用Ghostscript直接从SVG创建PDF，因为Ghostscript不读取SVG文件。因此，这取决于您实际发送给Ghostscript以创建hte PDF文件的内容。“有可能”您可以在现有内容的基础上绘制PDF内容。但是，您不能使用pdfwrite设备“替换”任何内容。如果页面上有两个项目位于同一位置，则这两个项目都将出现在最终的PDF文件中。你真的需要拿出一个例子和一个Ghostscript命令行来说明你目前正在做什么。Kens，谢谢你的回复。事实上，我意识到我没有正确地解释它。实际上，我首先使用Inkscape将SVG转换为PDF，然后通过Ghostscript进行RGB->CMYK转换等后处理。所以我的问题是如何将一个PDF放置在另一个PDF上，但是上层PDF应该旋转一些角度，并且应该在目标页面上有它的坐标。你不能简单地从命令行来做，你需要编写一个PostScript程序。您需要打开第一个PDF文件，绘制页面内容，然后关闭该PDF文件，更改CTM，打开第二个PDF文件，绘制页面内容，关闭并完成。在Ghostscript的PDF itnerpreter的当前版本中，在启动第二个PDF之前，您还必须关闭第一个PDF的输入，我认为您可能会丢失一些元数据，例如链接、大纲等。我不知道这两者是否对您有问题。我可以尝试解决您的问题，但我需要一些例子文件和角度等工作。谢谢，肯斯！我准备了两份文件。我认为最简单的例子对我来说就足够了，我只是不明白如何迭代对象，转换它们，然后将转换后的对象放到其他画布上……谢谢！我明天试试，然后告诉你。再次感谢你！当然不是。可能是您正在修改其他框参数之一，但我需要查看文件。啊，看起来是的，很抱歉我错过了，因为我不在。让我看看你之前提到的演示我不能给你任何有用的文件。我也不知道有哪种软件会增加透明度，但Cairo图形库生成的PDF文件几乎总是包含透明度，即使实际上并不需要。我认为您可以使用Ghostscript对透明pdfmark的支持来向文件添加透明度，但您必须从pdfmark引用中找到它。处理此问题的简单方法是在转换之前进行gsave保存图形状态，然后在完成转换后恢复图形状态。CTM是图形状态的一部分，因此将遵循gsave/grestore.com，因为自动旋转。这是一种尝试旋转页面的启发式方法，使大部分文本“垂直”并从左向右运行。它是有文档记录的，您可以将其设置为/None来停止它。显然，它只适用于实际文本，而不适用于“看起来像lke”文本的图像或线条。