Perl 为什么在使用模板的FOREACH循环中会出现错误?
我需要帮助解决这个问题,我在过去15天里一直在挣扎,请帮助我。我有一个xml文件,我使用xml::simple存储在一个变量中。我通过模板工具包处理。我犯了这样的错误Perl 为什么在使用模板的FOREACH循环中会出现错误?,perl,templates,template-toolkit,Perl,Templates,Template Toolkit,我需要帮助解决这个问题,我在过去15天里一直在挣扎,请帮助我。我有一个xml文件,我使用xml::simple存储在一个变量中。我通过模板工具包处理。我犯了这样的错误 $var1={ university=>{ 'name'=>'svu', 'location'=>'ravru', 'branch'=>{ 'electronics'=>{
$var1={
university=>{
'name'=>'svu',
'location'=>'ravru',
'branch'=>{
'electronics'=>{
'student'=>[
{
'name'=>'mikky',
'number'=>'12',
'semester'=>{
'Number'=>'1',
'subjects'=>'7',
'rank'=>'1'
}
},
{
'name'=>'vijju',
'number'=>'15',
'semester'=>[
{
'number'=>'1',
'subjects'=>'7',
'rank'=>'10'
},
{
'number'=>'1',
'subjects'=>'7',
'rank'=>'1'
}
]
},
{
'name'=>'shyam',
'number'=>'16',
'semester'=>[
{
'number'=>'1',
'subjects'=>'7',
'rank'=>'2'
},
{
'number'=>'2',
'subjects'=>'4',
'rank'=>'2'
}
]
}
}
]
}
};
university=>{
'name'=>'sku',
'location'=>'ANTP',
'branch'=>{
'electronics'=>{
'student'=>[
{
'name'=>'xxx',
'number'=>'12',
'semester'=>{
'Number'=>'3',
'subjects'=>'6',
'rank'=>'20'
}
},
{
'name'=>'xxx',
'number'=>'6',
'semester'=>[
{
'number'=>'1',
'subjects'=>'9',
'rank'=>'12'
},
{
'number'=>'2',
'subjects'=>'4',
'rank'=>'2'
}
]
}
}
]
}
};
'studentaddres'=>{
'address'=>[
{
'name'=>'mikky',
'number'=>'12',
'adress'=>' badvel,kadapa,a.p,india',
},
{
'name'=>'vijju',
'number'=>'15',
'adress'=>' raipur,ananthapur,a.p,india',
},
{
'name'=>'shyam',
'number'=>'16',
'adress'=>' raighad,rajsthan,india',
},
]
}
#!/usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;
use Data::Dumper;
use XML::Simple;
use XML::Fast;
use Template;
my $xml = new XML::Simple;
my $data = $xml->XMLin("data.xml");
print Dumper($data);
my $template = Template->new();
my $filename = 'output.tex';
$template->process(\*DATA, $data, $filename)
|| die "Template process failed: ", $template->error(), "\n";
system( "pdflatex $filename" );
__DATA__
\documentclass[a4paper,leqno,twoside]{article}
\begin{document}
[% FOREACH st IN university %]
[% st.name %]
[%st.location%]
studentdata:
[% FOREACH student IN st.branch.electronics.student %]
Component type: [%+ student.name +%][%+ student.number +%]
[% FOREACH semester IN student.semester %]
[%+ semester.number +%]
[%+ semester.subjects +%]
[%+ semester.rank +%]
[% END %]
[% END %]
[% END %]
\end{document}
name:
svu
location:
ravru
student data:
student name=xxx number=12
semester number=1 subjects=7 rank=2
student name=xxx number=15
semester number=1 subjects=7 rank=10
semester number=2 subjects=4 rank=1
student name=xxx number=16
semester number=1 subjects=7 rank=2
semester number=2 subjects=4 rank=2
#!/usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;
use Data::Dumper;
use XML::Simple;
use XML::Fast;
use Template;
my $studentaddres;
my $xml = new XML::Simple;
my $data = $xml->XMLin("data.xml", ForceArray=>1);
print Dumper($data);
my $template = Template->new();
my $filename = 'output.tex';
$template->process(\*DATA, $data, $filename)
|| die "Template process failed: ", $template->error(), "\n";
$studentaddres->{by_student_number}
= { map { $_->{number} => $_ } @{ $studentaddres->{address} }};
system( "pdflatex $filename" );
__DATA__
\documentclass[a4paper,leqno,twoside]{article}
\begin{document}
[% FOREACH st IN university %]
[% st.name %]
[%st.location%]
studentdata:
[% FOREACH student IN st.branch.electronics.student %]
Component type: [%+ student.name +%][%+ student.number +%]
[% address = studentaddres.by_student_number.item( student.number );
IF address %]
[% address.adress %]
[% END %]
[% FOREACH semester IN student.semester %]
[%+ semester.number +%]
[%+ semester.subjects +%]
[%+ semester.rank +%]
[% END %]
[% END %]
[% END %]
\end{document}
(新评论:我有这样的数据,如果我们深入研究,我在student元素和address元素中有相同的名称和编号,我在address元素中还有一个东西address。现在我需要在address元素中搜索student name和编号,并获得该学生的地址。有时我有相同的名称和不同的编号,所以我需要同时搜索号码和姓名以查找学生地址。)
我是这样处理的
$var1={
university=>{
'name'=>'svu',
'location'=>'ravru',
'branch'=>{
'electronics'=>{
'student'=>[
{
'name'=>'mikky',
'number'=>'12',
'semester'=>{
'Number'=>'1',
'subjects'=>'7',
'rank'=>'1'
}
},
{
'name'=>'vijju',
'number'=>'15',
'semester'=>[
{
'number'=>'1',
'subjects'=>'7',
'rank'=>'10'
},
{
'number'=>'1',
'subjects'=>'7',
'rank'=>'1'
}
]
},
{
'name'=>'shyam',
'number'=>'16',
'semester'=>[
{
'number'=>'1',
'subjects'=>'7',
'rank'=>'2'
},
{
'number'=>'2',
'subjects'=>'4',
'rank'=>'2'
}
]
}
}
]
}
};
university=>{
'name'=>'sku',
'location'=>'ANTP',
'branch'=>{
'electronics'=>{
'student'=>[
{
'name'=>'xxx',
'number'=>'12',
'semester'=>{
'Number'=>'3',
'subjects'=>'6',
'rank'=>'20'
}
},
{
'name'=>'xxx',
'number'=>'6',
'semester'=>[
{
'number'=>'1',
'subjects'=>'9',
'rank'=>'12'
},
{
'number'=>'2',
'subjects'=>'4',
'rank'=>'2'
}
]
}
}
]
}
};
'studentaddres'=>{
'address'=>[
{
'name'=>'mikky',
'number'=>'12',
'adress'=>' badvel,kadapa,a.p,india',
},
{
'name'=>'vijju',
'number'=>'15',
'adress'=>' raipur,ananthapur,a.p,india',
},
{
'name'=>'shyam',
'number'=>'16',
'adress'=>' raighad,rajsthan,india',
},
]
}
#!/usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;
use Data::Dumper;
use XML::Simple;
use XML::Fast;
use Template;
my $xml = new XML::Simple;
my $data = $xml->XMLin("data.xml");
print Dumper($data);
my $template = Template->new();
my $filename = 'output.tex';
$template->process(\*DATA, $data, $filename)
|| die "Template process failed: ", $template->error(), "\n";
system( "pdflatex $filename" );
__DATA__
\documentclass[a4paper,leqno,twoside]{article}
\begin{document}
[% FOREACH st IN university %]
[% st.name %]
[%st.location%]
studentdata:
[% FOREACH student IN st.branch.electronics.student %]
Component type: [%+ student.name +%][%+ student.number +%]
[% FOREACH semester IN student.semester %]
[%+ semester.number +%]
[%+ semester.subjects +%]
[%+ semester.rank +%]
[% END %]
[% END %]
[% END %]
\end{document}
name:
svu
location:
ravru
student data:
student name=xxx number=12
semester number=1 subjects=7 rank=2
student name=xxx number=15
semester number=1 subjects=7 rank=10
semester number=2 subjects=4 rank=1
student name=xxx number=16
semester number=1 subjects=7 rank=2
semester number=2 subjects=4 rank=2
#!/usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;
use Data::Dumper;
use XML::Simple;
use XML::Fast;
use Template;
my $studentaddres;
my $xml = new XML::Simple;
my $data = $xml->XMLin("data.xml", ForceArray=>1);
print Dumper($data);
my $template = Template->new();
my $filename = 'output.tex';
$template->process(\*DATA, $data, $filename)
|| die "Template process failed: ", $template->error(), "\n";
$studentaddres->{by_student_number}
= { map { $_->{number} => $_ } @{ $studentaddres->{address} }};
system( "pdflatex $filename" );
__DATA__
\documentclass[a4paper,leqno,twoside]{article}
\begin{document}
[% FOREACH st IN university %]
[% st.name %]
[%st.location%]
studentdata:
[% FOREACH student IN st.branch.electronics.student %]
Component type: [%+ student.name +%][%+ student.number +%]
[% address = studentaddres.by_student_number.item( student.number );
IF address %]
[% address.adress %]
[% END %]
[% FOREACH semester IN student.semester %]
[%+ semester.number +%]
[%+ semester.subjects +%]
[%+ semester.rank +%]
[% END %]
[% END %]
[% END %]
\end{document}
但我得到的是不同的输出,而不是我想要的。执行此脚本后,当我有三个或更多的电子学学生,每个学生有两个或更多学期时,我得到的是输出,然后只有我得到。否则,它会打印任何东西,只打印学生数据:三次。例如,如果我有一个学生有一个学期在大学里,在那种情况下,它不会给任何东西这样的印刷
studentdata:
studentdata:
studentdata:
为什么for循环是这样执行的,我真的不明白为什么要赢for循环,但我需要这样打印
$var1={
university=>{
'name'=>'svu',
'location'=>'ravru',
'branch'=>{
'electronics'=>{
'student'=>[
{
'name'=>'mikky',
'number'=>'12',
'semester'=>{
'Number'=>'1',
'subjects'=>'7',
'rank'=>'1'
}
},
{
'name'=>'vijju',
'number'=>'15',
'semester'=>[
{
'number'=>'1',
'subjects'=>'7',
'rank'=>'10'
},
{
'number'=>'1',
'subjects'=>'7',
'rank'=>'1'
}
]
},
{
'name'=>'shyam',
'number'=>'16',
'semester'=>[
{
'number'=>'1',
'subjects'=>'7',
'rank'=>'2'
},
{
'number'=>'2',
'subjects'=>'4',
'rank'=>'2'
}
]
}
}
]
}
};
university=>{
'name'=>'sku',
'location'=>'ANTP',
'branch'=>{
'electronics'=>{
'student'=>[
{
'name'=>'xxx',
'number'=>'12',
'semester'=>{
'Number'=>'3',
'subjects'=>'6',
'rank'=>'20'
}
},
{
'name'=>'xxx',
'number'=>'6',
'semester'=>[
{
'number'=>'1',
'subjects'=>'9',
'rank'=>'12'
},
{
'number'=>'2',
'subjects'=>'4',
'rank'=>'2'
}
]
}
}
]
}
};
'studentaddres'=>{
'address'=>[
{
'name'=>'mikky',
'number'=>'12',
'adress'=>' badvel,kadapa,a.p,india',
},
{
'name'=>'vijju',
'number'=>'15',
'adress'=>' raipur,ananthapur,a.p,india',
},
{
'name'=>'shyam',
'number'=>'16',
'adress'=>' raighad,rajsthan,india',
},
]
}
#!/usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;
use Data::Dumper;
use XML::Simple;
use XML::Fast;
use Template;
my $xml = new XML::Simple;
my $data = $xml->XMLin("data.xml");
print Dumper($data);
my $template = Template->new();
my $filename = 'output.tex';
$template->process(\*DATA, $data, $filename)
|| die "Template process failed: ", $template->error(), "\n";
system( "pdflatex $filename" );
__DATA__
\documentclass[a4paper,leqno,twoside]{article}
\begin{document}
[% FOREACH st IN university %]
[% st.name %]
[%st.location%]
studentdata:
[% FOREACH student IN st.branch.electronics.student %]
Component type: [%+ student.name +%][%+ student.number +%]
[% FOREACH semester IN student.semester %]
[%+ semester.number +%]
[%+ semester.subjects +%]
[%+ semester.rank +%]
[% END %]
[% END %]
[% END %]
\end{document}
name:
svu
location:
ravru
student data:
student name=xxx number=12
semester number=1 subjects=7 rank=2
student name=xxx number=15
semester number=1 subjects=7 rank=10
semester number=2 subjects=4 rank=1
student name=xxx number=16
semester number=1 subjects=7 rank=2
semester number=2 subjects=4 rank=2
#!/usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;
use Data::Dumper;
use XML::Simple;
use XML::Fast;
use Template;
my $studentaddres;
my $xml = new XML::Simple;
my $data = $xml->XMLin("data.xml", ForceArray=>1);
print Dumper($data);
my $template = Template->new();
my $filename = 'output.tex';
$template->process(\*DATA, $data, $filename)
|| die "Template process failed: ", $template->error(), "\n";
$studentaddres->{by_student_number}
= { map { $_->{number} => $_ } @{ $studentaddres->{address} }};
system( "pdflatex $filename" );
__DATA__
\documentclass[a4paper,leqno,twoside]{article}
\begin{document}
[% FOREACH st IN university %]
[% st.name %]
[%st.location%]
studentdata:
[% FOREACH student IN st.branch.electronics.student %]
Component type: [%+ student.name +%][%+ student.number +%]
[% address = studentaddres.by_student_number.item( student.number );
IF address %]
[% address.adress %]
[% END %]
[% FOREACH semester IN student.semester %]
[%+ semester.number +%]
[%+ semester.subjects +%]
[%+ semester.rank +%]
[% END %]
[% END %]
[% END %]
\end{document}
首先,您的数据不是有效的perl。其次,通过散列迭代会得到一个(类似Java的)“entry”对象。因此'st'=>{key=>'name',value=>'svu'}。因此,
st.name
什么都不是
这更像是你想要的(或者说是有效的):
我不得不将student#12上的“学期”改为数组,并将“数字”取消大写。这就是您所拥有的:
'semester'=>{
'Number'=>'1',
'subjects'=>'7',
'rank'=>'1'
}
我将其改为:
'semester'=>[{
'number'=>'1',
'subjects'=>'7',
'rank'=>'1'
}]
如果没有数组,您只是再次迭代这种类型的内容:
( { key => 'number', value => '1' }
, { key => 'subjects', value => '7' }
, { key => 'rank', value => '1' }
)
而且不一定(甚至不可能)按这个顺序
使用正确关闭的$var1
作为数据,我在上面输入的代码给出了:
\documentclass[a4paper,leqno,twoside]{article}
\begin{document}
name:
svu
location:
ravru
studentdata:
student name=xxx number=12
semester number=1 subjects=7 rank=1
student name=xxx number=15
semester number=1 subjects=7 rank=10
semester number=1 subjects=7 rank=1
student name=xxx number=16
semester number=1 subjects=7 rank=2
semester number=2 subjects=4 rank=2
\end{document}
要调试脚本,您可能需要进行以下更改:
my $template = Template->new( { EVAL_PERL => 1 } );
然后,如果您想查看正在寻址的结构,请执行以下操作:
[% RAWPERL %]
use Data::Dumper ();
print Data::Dumper->Dump( [ $stash->get( 'semester' ) ], [ 'semester' ] ), "\n";
[% END %]
当学期中的哈希没有数字、主题或等级字段时,您将很快看到
(回答评论)好吧,如果你有一些学生的地址和一些没有,你可以做以下事情:
[% IF student.address;
addr = student.address; %][%-
-%]Address: [% addr.lines.1 %]
[% addr.lines.2 %]
[% addr.city %], [% addr.state %] [% addr.zip %]
[% END %]
或者,如果您有一个地址散列,您可以执行以下操作
[% IF address_for_student.exists( student.number );
address = address_for_student.item( student.number );
%]
...
[% END %]
(回答问题的新地址部分) 您可以在演示之前对数据进行按摩。这是我在将数据传递到演示层之前的建议。(此处
$studentaddress
只是对隐藏结构的引用。)
然后,在表示层中,您可以执行以下操作:
[% address = studentaddres.by_student_number.item( student.number );
IF address %]
...
[% END %]
通常,您应该在表示层之前拥有所需的链接,这使得表示层只需显示数据即可
XML存储您的模型。很好。XML可以很好地存储树,但不能很好地存储复杂的图形。因此,如果您有复杂的关系(而XML::Simple对这些关系一无所知),则必须使用这种类型的算法模型:检索→ 链接→ display。您必须使用YAML或JSON甚至从数据库中提取的行来执行此操作,因此链接阶段是我的第二天性
表示层是错误的搜索层。它应该只处理0、1或多个或简单情况的列表,如关系是否存在。首先,您的数据不是有效的perl。其次,通过哈希迭代会得到一个(类似Java的)“条目”对象。因此'st'=>{key=>'name',value=>'svu'}因此,
st.name
什么都不是
这更像是你想要的(或者说是有效的):
我不得不将student#12上的“学期”改为数组,并将“数字”取消大写。这就是您所拥有的:
'semester'=>{
'Number'=>'1',
'subjects'=>'7',
'rank'=>'1'
}
我将其改为:
'semester'=>[{
'number'=>'1',
'subjects'=>'7',
'rank'=>'1'
}]
如果没有数组,您只是再次迭代这种类型的内容:
( { key => 'number', value => '1' }
, { key => 'subjects', value => '7' }
, { key => 'rank', value => '1' }
)
而且不一定(甚至不可能)按这个顺序
使用正确关闭的$var1
作为数据,我在上面输入的代码给出了:
\documentclass[a4paper,leqno,twoside]{article}
\begin{document}
name:
svu
location:
ravru
studentdata:
student name=xxx number=12
semester number=1 subjects=7 rank=1
student name=xxx number=15
semester number=1 subjects=7 rank=10
semester number=1 subjects=7 rank=1
student name=xxx number=16
semester number=1 subjects=7 rank=2
semester number=2 subjects=4 rank=2
\end{document}
要调试脚本,您可能需要进行以下更改:
my $template = Template->new( { EVAL_PERL => 1 } );
然后,如果您想查看正在寻址的结构,请执行以下操作:
[% RAWPERL %]
use Data::Dumper ();
print Data::Dumper->Dump( [ $stash->get( 'semester' ) ], [ 'semester' ] ), "\n";
[% END %]
当学期中的哈希没有数字、主题或等级字段时,您将很快看到
(回答评论)好吧,如果你有一些学生的地址和一些没有,你可以做以下事情:
[% IF student.address;
addr = student.address; %][%-
-%]Address: [% addr.lines.1 %]
[% addr.lines.2 %]
[% addr.city %], [% addr.state %] [% addr.zip %]
[% END %]
或者,如果您有一个地址散列,您可以执行以下操作
[% IF address_for_student.exists( student.number );
address = address_for_student.item( student.number );
%]
...
[% END %]
(回答问题的新地址部分) 您可以在演示之前对数据进行按摩。这是我在将数据传递到演示层之前的建议。(此处
$studentaddress
只是对隐藏结构的引用。)
然后,在表示层中,您可以执行以下操作:
[% address = studentaddres.by_student_number.item( student.number );
IF address %]
...
[% END %]
通常,您应该在表示层之前拥有所需的链接,这使得表示层只需显示数据即可
XML存储您的模型。很好。XML可以很好地存储树,但不能很好地存储复杂的图形。因此,如果您有复杂的关系(而XML::Simple对这些关系一无所知),则必须使用这种类型的算法模型:检索→ 链接→ display。您必须使用YAML或JSON甚至从数据库中提取的行来执行此操作,因此链接阶段是我的第二天性
表示层是错误的搜索层。它应该只处理0、1或许多或简单情况的列表,如关系存在与否。我有15个大学,所以我为循环编写了获取所有大学的值,我正在获取所有值,但我的问题在第二个for循环中。我无法获得我想要的学生元素。That表示循环执行三次,如果一个学生和一个学期在电子学。如果我有两个或两个以上的学生和两个或两个以上的学期在ele