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如何提取Python字符串中的词典？

python web-scraping

如何提取Python字符串中的词典？,python,web-scraping,Python,Web Scraping,有没有一种方法可以通过搜索字符串来只提取字典而不使用正则表达式 我试图在一个网站的脚本标签中提取字典 编辑：我在下面添加了精确的字符串。我不想使用regex，只是因为我不熟悉它，并且正在寻找一种更简单的方法（性能不是问题）。我用regex尝试了建议的解决方案，但没有成功 example_string = "Bla bla {"value": "1"} bla bla" 如果不使用正则表达式，您必须在看到第一个{时遍历字符串，然后将之后的所有内容保存到关闭的}（或者使用str.partition

有没有一种方法可以通过搜索字符串来只提取字典而不使用正则表达式

我试图在一个网站的脚本标签中提取字典

编辑：我在下面添加了精确的字符串。我不想使用regex，只是因为我不熟悉它，并且正在寻找一种更简单的方法（性能不是问题）。我用regex尝试了建议的解决方案，但没有成功

example_string = "Bla bla {"value": "1"} bla bla"
如果不使用正则表达式，您必须在看到第一个
{
时遍历字符串，然后将之后的所有内容保存到关闭的
}
（或者使用
str.partition
）

如果dict本身中有dict，您还必须计算开始的旁白，并且只有在找到相应的结束括号时才停止保存

如果有无可匹敌的偏执狂，这无论如何都是一个问题，不容易解决。最好坚持使用正则表达式的解决方案：

不使用正则表达式，您必须在看到第一个
{
时迭代字符串，然后将之后的所有内容保存到结束的
}
（或者使用
str.partition
）

如果dict本身中有dict，您还必须计算开始的旁白，并且只有在找到相应的结束括号时才停止保存

如果有无可匹敌的偏执狂，这无论如何都是一个问题，不容易解决。最好坚持使用正则表达式的解决方案：

假设字符串中不存在多个字典，并且没有其他大括号，并且字典采用JSON兼容格式（对于您的示例，所有这些都是正确的，但我不知道它们是否适用于所有真实数据），您可以使用简单的字符串操作来提取它：

"""        var spConfig = new Product.Config({"attributes":{"6993":{"id":"6993","code":"irs_02010201_asafstand","label":"Asafstand","multiselect":false,"options":[{"id":"289022","label":"72 mm","price":0,"oldPrice":-45.76,"products":["1212907","1280900"]},{"id":"289025","label":"92 mm","price":0,"oldPrice":-45.76,"products":["1280407","1280899","1289700","1289750"]}]},"6994":{"id":"6994","code":"irs_02010201_doornmaat","label":"Doornmaat","multiselect":false,"options":[{"id":"306161","label":"35 mm","price":0,"oldPrice":-45.76,"products":["1280899"]},{"id":"306205","label":"40 mm","price":0,"oldPrice":-45.76,"products":["1289750"]},{"id":"306192","label":"45 mm","price":0,"oldPrice":-45.76,"products":["1289700"]},{"id":"306194","label":"50 mm","price":0,"oldPrice":-45.76,"products":["1280900"]},{"id":"306034","label":"55 mm","price":0,"oldPrice":-45.76,"products":["1212907","1280407"]}]},"6995":{"id":"6995","code":"irs_02010201_krukhoogte","label":"Krukhoogte","multiselect":false,"options":[{"id":"306193","label":"1050 mm","price":0,"oldPrice":-45.76,"products":["1212907","1280407","1280899","1280900","1289700","1289750"]}]},"6996":{"id":"6996","code":"irs_02010201_kruknoot","label":"Kruknoot","multiselect":false,"options":[{"id":"289046","label":"8 mm","price":0,"oldPrice":-45.76,"products":["1212907","1280407","1280899","1280900","1289700","1289750"]}]},"6997":{"id":"6997","code":"irs_02010201_materiaa_eb7faf79","label":"Materiaal voorplaat","multiselect":false,"options":[{"id":"289083","label":"Verzinkt","price":0,"oldPrice":-45.76,"products":["1212907","1280407","1280899","1280900","1289700","1289750"]}]},"6998":{"id":"6998","code":"irs_02010201_uitvoering","label":"Type sluitpunt","multiselect":false,"options":[{"id":"289092","label":"Rolnok","price":0,"oldPrice":-45.76,"products":["1212907","1280407","1280899","1280900","1289700","1289750"]}]},"6999":{"id":"6999","code":"irs_02010201_uitvoering2","label":"Uitvoering","multiselect":false,"options":[{"id":"289111","label":"Standaard","price":0,"oldPrice":-45.76,"products":["1212907","1280407","1280899","1280900","1289700","1289750"]}]},"7000":{"id":"7000","code":"irs_02010201_voorplaat","label":"Voorplaat","multiselect":false,"options":[{"id":"291379","label":"F16","price":0,"oldPrice":0.93,"products":["1212907","1280407","1280899","1280900","1289700","1289750"]}]}},"template":"#{price}\u00a0\u20ac","basePrice":0,"oldPrice":0,"productId":"1347328","chooseText":"Kies een optie","taxConfig":{"includeTax":true,"showIncludeTax":false,"showBothPrices":false,"defaultTax":0,"currentTax":0,"inclTaxTitle":"Incl. BTW"},"extra_attributes":{"additional_cost":{"1212907":0,"1280407":0,"1280899":0,"1280900":0,"1289700":0,"1289750":0},"additional_cost_description":{"1212907":null,"1280407":null,"1280899":null,"1280900":null,"1289700":null,"1289750":null},"inriver_item_art_number":{"1212907":"036553024","1280407":"036553014","1280899":"036353002","1280900":"036503006","1289700":"036453006","1289750":"A50704007"},"inriver_item_package_qty":{"1212907":"0","1280407":"0","1280899":"0","1280900":"0","1289700":"0","1289750":"0"},"inriver_item_sales_unit":{"1212907":"STUK","1280407":"STUK","1280899":"STUK","1280900":"STUK","1289700":"STUK","1289750":"STUK"},"inriver_item_supplier_art_nr":{"1212907":"6-30710-PU-0-1","1280407":"6-32158-05-0-1","1280899":"6-30710-AQ-0-1","1280900":"6-30710-PT-0-1","1289700":"6-32159-01-0-1","1289750":"6-32234-03-0-1"},"level_price":{"1212907":{"id":"54257","product_id":"1212907","a_price":"30.4700","b_price":"29.3400","c_price":"25.7900","d_price":"24.4800","e_price":"46.6900","preh":null,"staffle_a":"1.0000","staffle_b":"10.0000","staffle_c":"50.0000","staffle_d":"100.0000","updated_at":"2018-08-14 21:32:55","_base_price_group":"B","_base_price":"29.3400","_tier_price_options":{"group":{"B":"10.0000","C":"50.0000","D":"100.0000"},"price":{"B":"29.3400","C":"25.7900","D":"24.4800"}},"_final_price_group":"B","_final_price":"29.3400","promo_price":null},"1280407":{"id":"179868","product_id":"1280407","a_price":"34.5300","b_price":"32.2800","c_price":"29.1500","d_price":"26.9000","e_price":"56.9700","preh":null,"staffle_a":"1.0000","staffle_b":"10.0000","staffle_c":"50.0000","staffle_d":"100.0000","updated_at":"2018-08-14 22:18:16","_base_price_group":"B","_base_price":"32.2800","_tier_price_options":{"group":{"B":"10.0000","C":"50.0000","D":"100.0000"},"price":{"B":"32.2800","C":"29.1500","D":"26.9000"}},"_final_price_group":"B","_final_price":"32.2800","promo_price":null},"1280899":{"id":"179601","product_id":"1280899","a_price":"28.3000","b_price":"27.2600","c_price":"23.9600","d_price":"22.9600","e_price":"52.5100","preh":null,"staffle_a":"1.0000","staffle_b":"10.0000","staffle_c":"50.0000","staffle_d":"100.0000","updated_at":"2018-08-14 22:18:16","_base_price_group":"B","_base_price":"27.2600","_tier_price_options":{"group":{"B":"10.0000","C":"50.0000","D":"100.0000"},"price":{"B":"27.2600","C":"23.9600","D":"22.9600"}},"_final_price_group":"B","_final_price":"27.2600","promo_price":null},"1280900":{"id":"179602","product_id":"1280900","a_price":"31.7500","b_price":"30.5800","c_price":"26.8800","d_price":"25.5100","e_price":"48.6700","preh":null,"staffle_a":"1.0000","staffle_b":"10.0000","staffle_c":"50.0000","staffle_d":"100.0000","updated_at":"2018-08-14 22:18:16","_base_price_group":"B","_base_price":"30.5800","_tier_price_options":{"group":{"B":"10.0000","C":"50.0000","D":"100.0000"},"price":{"B":"30.5800","C":"26.8800","D":"25.5100"}},"_final_price_group":"B","_final_price":"30.5800","promo_price":null},"1289700":{"id":"194219","product_id":"1289700","a_price":"32.0700","b_price":"29.8600","c_price":"26.3300","d_price":"24.2200","e_price":"45.7600","preh":null,"staffle_a":"1.0000","staffle_b":"10.0000","staffle_c":"50.0000","staffle_d":"100.0000","updated_at":"2018-08-14 22:25:57","_base_price_group":"B","_base_price":"29.8600","_tier_price_options":{"group":{"B":"10.0000","C":"50.0000","D":"100.0000"},"price":{"B":"29.8600","C":"26.3300","D":"24.2200"}},"_final_price_group":"B","_final_price":"29.8600","promo_price":null},"1289750":{"id":"194253","product_id":"1289750","a_price":"44.9200","b_price":"42.0000","c_price":"37.9200","d_price":"35.0000","e_price":"74.1100","preh":null,"staffle_a":"1.0000","staffle_b":"10.0000","staffle_c":"50.0000","staffle_d":"100.0000","updated_at":"2018-08-14 22:25:57","_base_price_group":"B","_base_price":"42.0000","_tier_price_options":{"group":{"B":"10.0000","C":"50.0000","D":"100.0000"},"price":{"B":"42.0000","C":"37.9200","D":"35.0000"}},"_final_price_group":"B","_final_price":"42.0000","promo_price":null}},"name":{"1212907":"6-30710-PU-0-1 SECURY EUROPA R4 55\/72\/8\/16 1050  ( KRUK )  4 ROLTAPPEN","1280407":"6-32158-05-0-1 EUROPA R4 55-92-8 F16 (1050) (KRUK BED.) 4 ROLNOKKEN","1280899":"6-30710-AQ-0-1 SECURY EUROPA 35-92-8-F16 R4 1050 (KRUK) 4 ROL (EX 036 35 30 01)","1280900":"6-30710-PT-0-1 SECURY EUROPA R4 50\/72\/8\/16 1050 (KRUK) 4 ROL. \/TAND","1289700":"6-32159-01-0-1 GU SECURY EUROPA S 45-92-8 F16 R4 - 1050 - 4 ROLNOKKEN (KRUKBED.)","1289750":"6-32234-03-0-1 GU EUROPA V 40-92-8 F16  R4"},"sku":{"1212907":"DVRDOAAVBC","1280407":"RGUAAAA8Z7","1280899":"RGUAAAALOP","1280900":"RGUAAAALOT","1289700":"SMPCRAAAD4","1289750":"SMPCRAAAGO"},"stock_type":{"1212907":"Stockartikel","1280407":"Stockartikel","1280899":"Stockartikel","1280900":"Stockartikel","1289700":"Stockartikel","1289750":"Bestelartikel"},"lecot_product_badge":{"1212907":null,"1280407":null,"1280899":null,"1280900":null,"1289700":null,"1289750":null},"resources":{"1212907":{"inriver_resource_technischetek":[{"value_id":"4768791","file":"\/1\/5\/157569_036553024_technischetekening_01.jpg","product_id":"1212907","label":"036553024_TechnischeTekening_01.eps","position":"0","disabled":"0","label_default":"036553024_TechnischeTekening_01.eps","position_default":"0","disabled_default":"0"}]},"1280899":{"inriver_resource_technischetek":[{"value_id":"4773546","file":"\/1\/5\/157670_036353002_foto_01.jpg","product_id":"1280899","label":"036353002_foto_01.jpg","position":"0","disabled":"0","label_default":"036353002_foto_01.jpg","position_default":"0","disabled_default":"0"}]},"1280900":{"inriver_resource_technischetek":[{"value_id":"4768957","file":"\/1\/5\/159563_036503006_technischetekening_01.jpg","product_id":"1280900","label":"036503006_TechnischeTekening_01.eps","position":"0","disabled":"0","label_default":"036503006_TechnischeTekening_01.eps","position_default":"0","disabled_default":"0"}]}},"is_special_price":{"1212907":false,"1280407":false,"1280899":false,"1280900":false,"1289700":false,"1289750":false}},"searchable_attributes":["sku","name","inriver_item_art_number","inriver_item_supplier_art_nr"],"stock_data":{"1212907":{"product_id":"1212907","recommended_sales_qty":"1.0000","required_sales_qty":null},"1280407":{"product_id":"1280407","recommended_sales_qty":"5.0000","required_sales_qty":null},"1280899":{"product_id":"1280899","recommended_sales_qty":"1.0000","required_sales_qty":null},"1280900":{"product_id":"1280900","recommended_sales_qty":"1.0000","required_sales_qty":null},"1289700":{"product_id":"1289700","recommended_sales_qty":"1.0000","required_sales_qty":null},"1289750":{"product_id":"1289750","recommended_sales_qty":"1.0000","required_sales_qty":null}}});
"""
如果这些假设不成立，那就更难了

首先，需要提取匹配的大括号对。大概是这样的：

prefix, openbrace, rest = s.partition('{')
j, closebrace, suffix = rest.rpartition('}')
if openbrace and closebrace:
    j = openbrace + j + closebrace
    d = json.loads(j)
除了如果字符串中可能有大括号，您需要跳过它们，并且需要以一种适用于JavaScript中的字符串或任何源语言的方式来处理它，包括适当的反斜杠转义引号规则等等。如果您的字符串可以有大括号（和引号）的HTML实体转义，那么您也需要处理它

然后你必须解析每个dict。如果它们是任意JavaScript代码的字符串，你不能仅仅将它们解析为JSON或Python dict，因为它们都不能处理完全有效的JS对象，例如，
{abc:1}
（注意键周围没有引号），因此你需要编写自己的解析器

如果dict甚至不一定是文本，例如，
{abc:spam}
，其中
spam
是变量的名称，或者是一个非平凡的表达式，或者类似的东西，那么您需要使用JS解释器，为其提供适当的环境，然后解释代码。

假设字符串中没有多个字典，并且没有其他大括号，并且字典采用JSON兼容格式（对于您的示例，所有这些都是正确的，但我不知道它们是否适用于所有真实数据），您可以使用简单的字符串操作来提取它：

"""        var spConfig = new Product.Config({"attributes":{"6993":{"id":"6993","code":"irs_02010201_asafstand","label":"Asafstand","multiselect":false,"options":[{"id":"289022","label":"72 mm","price":0,"oldPrice":-45.76,"products":["1212907","1280900"]},{"id":"289025","label":"92 mm","price":0,"oldPrice":-45.76,"products":["1280407","1280899","1289700","1289750"]}]},"6994":{"id":"6994","code":"irs_02010201_doornmaat","label":"Doornmaat","multiselect":false,"options":[{"id":"306161","label":"35 mm","price":0,"oldPrice":-45.76,"products":["1280899"]},{"id":"306205","label":"40 mm","price":0,"oldPrice":-45.76,"products":["1289750"]},{"id":"306192","label":"45 mm","price":0,"oldPrice":-45.76,"products":["1289700"]},{"id":"306194","label":"50 mm","price":0,"oldPrice":-45.76,"products":["1280900"]},{"id":"306034","label":"55 mm","price":0,"oldPrice":-45.76,"products":["1212907","1280407"]}]},"6995":{"id":"6995","code":"irs_02010201_krukhoogte","label":"Krukhoogte","multiselect":false,"options":[{"id":"306193","label":"1050 mm","price":0,"oldPrice":-45.76,"products":["1212907","1280407","1280899","1280900","1289700","1289750"]}]},"6996":{"id":"6996","code":"irs_02010201_kruknoot","label":"Kruknoot","multiselect":false,"options":[{"id":"289046","label":"8 mm","price":0,"oldPrice":-45.76,"products":["1212907","1280407","1280899","1280900","1289700","1289750"]}]},"6997":{"id":"6997","code":"irs_02010201_materiaa_eb7faf79","label":"Materiaal voorplaat","multiselect":false,"options":[{"id":"289083","label":"Verzinkt","price":0,"oldPrice":-45.76,"products":["1212907","1280407","1280899","1280900","1289700","1289750"]}]},"6998":{"id":"6998","code":"irs_02010201_uitvoering","label":"Type sluitpunt","multiselect":false,"options":[{"id":"289092","label":"Rolnok","price":0,"oldPrice":-45.76,"products":["1212907","1280407","1280899","1280900","1289700","1289750"]}]},"6999":{"id":"6999","code":"irs_02010201_uitvoering2","label":"Uitvoering","multiselect":false,"options":[{"id":"289111","label":"Standaard","price":0,"oldPrice":-45.76,"products":["1212907","1280407","1280899","1280900","1289700","1289750"]}]},"7000":{"id":"7000","code":"irs_02010201_voorplaat","label":"Voorplaat","multiselect":false,"options":[{"id":"291379","label":"F16","price":0,"oldPrice":0.93,"products":["1212907","1280407","1280899","1280900","1289700","1289750"]}]}},"template":"#{price}\u00a0\u20ac","basePrice":0,"oldPrice":0,"productId":"1347328","chooseText":"Kies een optie","taxConfig":{"includeTax":true,"showIncludeTax":false,"showBothPrices":false,"defaultTax":0,"currentTax":0,"inclTaxTitle":"Incl. 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"""
如果这些假设不成立，那就更难了

首先，需要提取匹配的大括号对。大概是这样的：

prefix, openbrace, rest = s.partition('{')
j, closebrace, suffix = rest.rpartition('}')
if openbrace and closebrace:
    j = openbrace + j + closebrace
    d = json.loads(j)
除了如果字符串中可能有大括号，您需要跳过它们，并且需要以一种适用于JavaScript中的字符串或任何源语言的方式来处理它，包括适当的反斜杠转义引号规则等等。如果您的字符串可以有大括号（和引号）的HTML实体转义，那么您也需要处理它

然后你必须解析每个dict。如果它们是任意JavaScript代码的字符串，你不能仅仅将它们解析为JSON或Python dict，因为它们都不能处理完全有效的JS对象，例如，
{abc:1}
（注意键周围没有引号），因此你需要编写自己的解析器

如果dict甚至不一定是文本，例如，
{abc:spam}
，其中
spam
是变量的名称，或者是一个非平凡的表达式，或者类似的东西，那么您需要使用JS解释器，为其提供适当的环境，然后解释代码。

您可以使用堆栈查找匹配的大括号，而无需使用正则表达式

braces = 0
start = None
for i, c in enumerate(s):
    if c == '{':
        if not braces: start = I
        braces += 1
    elif c == '}':
        braces -= 1
        if not braces:
            yield s[start:I+1]
我认为这也应该处理嵌套的dict

除了字符串中的多个dict之外，您还可以使用堆栈来查找匹配的大括号，而无需使用正则表达式

braces = 0
start = None
for i, c in enumerate(s):
    if c == '{':
        if not braces: start = I
        braces += 1
    elif c == '}':
        braces -= 1
        if not braces:
            yield s[start:I+1]
我认为这也应该处理嵌套的dict

以及字符串中的多个dict

为什么不能使用正则表达式？有什么原因不想使用正则表达式吗？可以使用堆栈查找匹配的大括号，然后使用
ast.literal\u eval
@JoranBeasley解析dict如果只有一种匹配项，堆栈不会在简单计数上添加任何内容。此外，除非您有理由相信字符串来自Python repr，否则没有理由使用
literal\u eval
。与Python相比，JS中更可能是一个任意代码字符串，因此JSON要么可以工作，要么什么都不能工作，除非编写解析器（甚至可能是解释器）。“我使用正则表达式尝试了建议的解决方案，但没有成功。”但您是否尝试使用
JSON.loads（…）
而不是
ast.literal\u eval
？为什么不能使用正则表达式？有什么原因不想使用正则表达式吗？可以使用堆栈查找匹配的大括号，然后用
ast.literal\u eval
@JoranBeasley解析dict如果只有一种匹配的东西，堆栈不会在简单的计数上添加任何内容。此外，除非您有理由相信字符串来自Python repr，否则没有理由使用
litera