Python TypeError:需要类似字节的对象,而不是';str';WSGI服务器
我无法用Python3.5解决这个问题。此代码适用于早于3的Python。我正在实现Django应用程序所需的WSGI web服务器 文件名为:webserver2.py。但他告诉我Python TypeError:需要类似字节的对象,而不是';str';WSGI服务器,python,wsgi,wsgiserver,Python,Wsgi,Wsgiserver,我无法用Python3.5解决这个问题。此代码适用于早于3的Python。我正在实现Django应用程序所需的WSGI web服务器 文件名为:webserver2.py。但他告诉我 TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str' 你能帮我吗 import socket #import StringIO import io import sys class WSGIServer(object): address_famil
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
你能帮我吗
import socket
#import StringIO
import io
import sys
class WSGIServer(object):
address_family = socket.AF_INET
socket_type = socket.SOCK_STREAM
request_queue_size = 1
def __init__(self, server_address):
# Create a listening socket
self.listen_socket = listen_socket = socket.socket(
self.address_family,
self.socket_type
)
# Allow to reuse the same address
listen_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
# Bind
listen_socket.bind(server_address)
# Activate
listen_socket.listen(self.request_queue_size)
# Get server host name and port
host, port = self.listen_socket.getsockname()[:2]
self.server_name = socket.getfqdn(host)
self.server_port = port
# Return headers set by Web framework/Web application
self.headers_set = []
def set_app(self, application):
self.application = application
def serve_forever(self):
listen_socket = self.listen_socket
while True:
# New client connection
self.client_connection, client_address = listen_socket.accept()
# Handle one request and close the client connection. Then
# loop over to wait for another client connection
self.handle_one_request()
def handle_one_request(self):
self.request_data = request_data = self.client_connection.recv(1024)
# Print formatted request data a la 'curl -v'
print(''.join(
'< {line}\n'.format(line=line)
for line in request_data.splitlines()
))
self.parse_request(request_data)
# Construct environment dictionary using request data
env = self.get_environ()
# It's time to call our application callable and get
# back a result that will become HTTP response body
result = self.application(env, self.start_response)
# Construct a response and send it back to the client
self.finish_response(result)
def parse_request(self, text):
request_line = text.splitlines()[0]
request_line = request_line.rstrip('\r\n')
# Break down the request line into components
(self.request_method, # GET
self.path, # /hello
self.request_version # HTTP/1.1
) = request_line.split()
def get_environ(self):
env = {}
# The following code snippet does not follow PEP8 conventions
# but it's formatted the way it is for demonstration purposes
# to emphasize the required variables and their values
#
# Required WSGI variables
env['wsgi.version'] = (1, 0)
env['wsgi.url_scheme'] = 'http'
env['wsgi.input'] = io.StringIO(self.request_data)
env['wsgi.errors'] = sys.stderr
env['wsgi.multithread'] = False
env['wsgi.multiprocess'] = False
env['wsgi.run_once'] = False
# Required CGI variables
env['REQUEST_METHOD'] = self.request_method # GET
env['PATH_INFO'] = self.path # /hello
env['SERVER_NAME'] = self.server_name # localhost
env['SERVER_PORT'] = str(self.server_port) # 8888
return env
def start_response(self, status, response_headers, exc_info=None):
# Add necessary server headers
server_headers = [
('Date', 'Tue, 31 Mar 2015 12:54:48 GMT'),
('Server', 'WSGIServer 0.2'),
]
self.headers_set = [status, response_headers + server_headers]
# To adhere to WSGI specification the start_response must return
# a 'write' callable. We simplicity's sake we'll ignore that detail
# for now.
# return self.finish_response
def finish_response(self, result):
try:
status, response_headers = self.headers_set
response = 'HTTP/1.1 {status}\r\n'.format(status=status)
for header in response_headers:
response += '{0}: {1}\r\n'.format(*header)
response += '\r\n'
for data in result:
response += data
# Print formatted response data a la 'curl -v'
print(''.join(
'> {line}\n'.format(line=line)
for line in response.splitlines()
))
self.client_connection.sendall(bytes(http_response, 'utf-8'))
finally:
self.client_connection.close()
SERVER_ADDRESS = (HOST, PORT) = '', 8888
def make_server(server_address, application):
server = WSGIServer(server_address)
server.set_app(application)
return server
if __name__ == '__main__':
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
sys.exit('Provide a WSGI application object as module:callable')
app_path = sys.argv[1]
module, application = app_path.split(':')
module = __import__(module)
application = getattr(module, application)
httpd = make_server(SERVER_ADDRESS, application)
print('WSGIServer: Serving HTTP on port {port} ...\n'.format(port=PORT))
httpd.serve_forever()
导入套接字
#导入StringIO
输入io
导入系统
类WSGIServer(对象):
address\u family=socket.AF\u INET
套接字类型=socket.SOCK\u流
请求队列大小=1
def_uuuinit_uuu(self,server_地址):
#创建侦听套接字
self.listen\u socket=listen\u socket=socket.socket(
self.address\u家庭,
self.socket\u型
)
#允许重用同一地址
侦听\u socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL\u socket,socket.SO\u REUSEADDR,1)
#束缚
侦听\u套接字.bind(服务器\u地址)
#激活
侦听\u套接字.listen(self.request\u队列\u大小)
#获取服务器主机名和端口
主机,端口=self.listen\u socket.getsockname()[:2]
self.server_name=socket.getfqdn(主机)
self.server_port=端口
#返回由Web框架/Web应用程序设置的标题
self.headers_set=[]
def set_应用程序(自身、应用程序):
self.application=应用程序
def永远为您服务(自我):
listen\u socket=self.listen\u socket
尽管如此:
#新客户端连接
self.client\u connection,client\u address=listen\u socket.accept()
#处理一个请求并关闭客户端连接。然后
#循环以等待另一个客户端连接
self.handle_one_请求()
def处理一个请求(自我):
self.request\u data=request\u data=self.client\u connection.recv(1024)
#将格式化的请求数据打印为“curl-v”
打印(“”。加入(
“<{line}\n”。格式(line=line)
对于请求中的行_data.splitlines()
))
self.parse_请求(请求_数据)
#使用请求数据构造环境字典
env=self.get_environ()
#是时候调用我们的应用程序callable并获取
#返回将成为HTTP响应主体的结果
结果=self.application(环境、self.start\u响应)
#构造一个响应并将其发送回客户端
自我完成回答(结果)
def parse_请求(自身、文本):
请求行=text.splitlines()[0]
request\u line=request\u line.rstrip('\r\n')
#将请求行分解为多个组件
(self.request_方法,#GET
self.path,#/hello
self.request_版本#HTTP/1.1
)=请求_行。拆分()
def get_环境(自我):
env={}
#以下代码段不符合PEP8约定
#但是它的格式是为了演示的目的
#强调所需的变量及其值
#
#所需的WSGI变量
环境['wsgi.version']=(1,0)
env['wsgi.url\u scheme']='http'
env['wsgi.input']=io.StringIO(self.request\u数据)
env['wsgi.errors']=sys.stderr
env['wsgi.multi-thread']=False
env['wsgi.multiprocess']=False
env['wsgi.run_once']=False
#必需的CGI变量
env['REQUEST_METHOD']=self.REQUEST_METHOD#GET
env['PATH_INFO']=self.PATH#/hello
env['SERVER_NAME']=self.SERVER_NAME#localhost
env['SERVER_PORT']=str(self.SERVER_PORT)#8888
返回环境
def start_响应(自身、状态、响应_标题、exc_信息=无):
#添加必要的服务器头
服务器\u头=[
(“日期”,“星期二,2015年3月31日12:54:48 GMT”),
('Server','WSGIServer 0.2'),
]
self.headers\u set=[状态、响应\u头+服务器\u头]
#要遵守WSGI规范,必须返回start_响应
#“写入”可调用的。为了简单起见,我们将忽略那个细节
#现在。
#返回self.finish\u响应
def完成_响应(自身、结果):
尝试:
状态,响应标题=self.headers\u集
响应='HTTP/1.1{status}\r\n'。格式(status=status)
对于响应_头中的头:
响应+='{0}:{1}\r\n'.格式(*头)
响应+='\r\n'
对于结果中的数据:
响应+=数据
#将格式化的响应数据打印为“curl-v”
打印(“”。加入(
“>{line}\n.”格式(line=line)
对于响应中的行。拆分行()
))
self.client\u connection.sendall(字节(http\u响应,'utf-8'))
最后:
self.client_connection.close()
服务器地址=(主机、端口)='',8888
def make_服务器(服务器地址、应用程序):
服务器=WSGIServer(服务器地址)
server.set_应用程序(应用程序)
返回服务器
如果uuuu name uuuuuu='\uuuuuuu main\uuuuuuu':
如果len(系统argv)<2:
sys.exit('提供一个WSGI应用程序对象作为模块:可调用')
app_path=sys.argv[1]
模块,应用程序=app_path.split(“:”)
模块=\导入\导入(模块)
应用程序=getattr(模块,应用程序)
httpd=make_服务器(服务器地址、应用程序)
打印('WSGIServer:在端口{port}上提供HTTP…\n'。格式(port=port))
httpd.永远为你服务()
错误是:
您在此处将字符串传递给
字节
方法:
request_line = request_line.rstrip('\r\n')
request\u-line
是一个bytes
对象,而不是str
对象。您需要传入一个字节
对象以进行剥离;使用b'…'
byteString文本:
request_line = request_line.rstrip(b'\r\n')
接下来,您试图将请求主体加载到StringIO
对象中,但又有字节。Python 3上的WSGI使用二进制文件对象:
env['wsgi.input'] = io.BytesIO(self.request_data)
然而,如果你