Python 是否可以从install\u requires中获得setuptools extras\u require覆盖要求？

是否可以让setuptools的

extras\u require

覆盖

install\u requires

中设置的需求？我的猜测是否定的，因为

extras\u require

是一个

因此，由于它是“可选的”，因此

install\u requires

将始终优先。我想我会问一下以防万一

问这个问题的原因是下面的用例和下面的示例

setup.py

from setuptools import setup, find_packages
setup(
  ...
  install_requires = [
    'numpy<=1.14.5,>=1.14.0',
    ...
  ],
  extras_require = {
    ...
    'tensorflow':[
       'tensorflow>=1.10.0',
       'numpy<=1.14.5,>=1.13.3',
       'setuptools<=39.1.0',
    ]
  },
  ...
)

from setuptools import setup, find_packages
setup(
  ...
  install_requires = [
    'scipy', # scipy requires numpy, and so will get the latest release from PyPI
    ...
  ],
  extras_require = {
    ...
    'tensorflow':[
       'tensorflow>=1.10.0',
       'numpy<=1.14.5,>=1.13.3',
       'setuptools<=39.1.0',
    ]
  },
  ...
)

然后对于需要TensorFlow的用户，他们只需要使用

pip install -e .[tensorflow]

但是，这当然不起作用，因为如果

install\u requires

只是

numpy>=1.14.0

，那么就安装了最新的PyPI版本的numpy（此时

1.15.1

），并且在安装时会收到警告

tensorflow 1.10.1 has requirement numpy<=1.14.5,>=1.13.3, but you'll have numpy 1.15.1 which is incompatible.

答案（经过一点思考后）是，结果是理想的是可能的，但不是通过覆盖

install\u requires

，而是在

install\u requires

中有一个需要所需库的需求（因此这是相当有难度的）。说明如何使用此

setup.py

from setuptools import setup, find_packages
setup(
  ...
  install_requires = [
    'numpy<=1.14.5,>=1.14.0',
    ...
  ],
  extras_require = {
    ...
    'tensorflow':[
       'tensorflow>=1.10.0',
       'numpy<=1.14.5,>=1.13.3',
       'setuptools<=39.1.0',
    ]
  },
  ...
)

from setuptools import setup, find_packages
setup(
  ...
  install_requires = [
    'scipy', # scipy requires numpy, and so will get the latest release from PyPI
    ...
  ],
  extras_require = {
    ...
    'tensorflow':[
       'tensorflow>=1.10.0',
       'numpy<=1.14.5,>=1.13.3',
       'setuptools<=39.1.0',
    ]
  },
  ...
)

及

from setuptools import setup, find_packages
setup(
  ...
  install_requires = [
    'scipy', # scipy requires numpy, and so will get the latest release from PyPI
    ...
  ],
  extras_require = {
    ...
    'tensorflow':[
       'tensorflow>=1.10.0',
       'numpy<=1.14.5,>=1.13.3',
       'setuptools<=39.1.0',
    ]
  },
  ...
)

$ pip install .
$ pip freeze | grep numpy
numpy==1.15.1
$ pip freeze | grep scipy
scipy==1.1.0

$ pip freeze | xargs pip uninstall -y
$ pip install .[tensorflow]
$ pip freeze | grep numpy
numpy==1.14.5
$ pip freeze | grep scipy
scipy==1.1.0