Python Django REST：如何在应用程序级URL.py中使用路由器？

My Django项目结构：

mysite/
    mysite/
        ...
        urls.py
    scradeweb/
        ...
        models.py
        serializers.py
        views.py
        urls.py
    manage.py

如果我在项目级url.py（

mysite/url.py

）中使用Django REST

router

，如下图所示，一切正常：

# mysite/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
from django.contrib import admin
from .settings import USER_CREATED_APPS
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
from scradeweb import views

router = DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'threads', views.ThreadViewSet, )
router.register(r'posts', views.PostViewSet)

urlpatterns = patterns('',
                url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
                url(r'api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework')),
                url(r'scradeweb/', include('scradeweb.urls', namespace='scradeweb')),
                url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
                )

我喜欢将所有与我的应用程序（

scradeweb

）相关的代码保存在它的内部 目录，因此我将

router

移动到

scradeweb/url.py

：

# scradeweb/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, patterns, include
from scradeweb import views
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter


router = DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'threads', views.ThreadViewSet, )
router.register(r'posts', views.PostViewSet)

urlpatterns = router.urls

from rest_framework import serializers
from scradeweb.models import Thread, Post


class ThreadSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):

    posts = \
        serializers.HyperlinkedRelatedField(
            many=True,
            read_only=True,
            view_name='post-detail',
        )

    class Meta:

        model = Thread
        fields = ('pk', 'thread_id', 'title', 'url', 'posts')
        read_only_fields = ('thread_id', )


class PostSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Post

...

class ThreadViewSet(viewsets.ReadOnlyModelViewSet):

    queryset = Thread.objects.all()
    serializer_class = ThreadSerializer


class PostViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):

    queryset = Post.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PostSerializer

当我转到

http://127.0.0.1:8000/scradeweb/posts/

，它会引发异常：

ImproperlyConfigured: Could not resolve URL for hyperlinked relationship using view name "thread-detail". 
You may have failed to include the related model in your API, or incorrectly configured the `lookup_field` attribute on this field.

为什么它不起作用

这是我的

scradeweb/models.py

class Thread(models.Model):

    thread_id = models.IntegerField()
    sticky = models.NullBooleanField()
    prefix = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    start_time = models.DateTimeField()
    author = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    url = models.URLField(unique=True)
    forum = models.ForeignKey(Forum, related_name='threads')

    class Meta:
        ordering = ('start_time', )


class Post(models.Model):

    post_id = models.IntegerField()
    url = models.URLField(unique=True)
    post_number = models.IntegerField()
    start_time = models.DateTimeField(blank=True)
    last_edited_time = models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True)
    author = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True)
    content = models.TextField(blank=True)
    thread = models.ForeignKey(Thread, related_name='posts')

    class Meta:
        ordering = ('post_number', )

scradeweb/serializers.py

：

# scradeweb/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, patterns, include
from scradeweb import views
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter


router = DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'threads', views.ThreadViewSet, )
router.register(r'posts', views.PostViewSet)

urlpatterns = router.urls

from rest_framework import serializers
from scradeweb.models import Thread, Post


class ThreadSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):

    posts = \
        serializers.HyperlinkedRelatedField(
            many=True,
            read_only=True,
            view_name='post-detail',
        )

    class Meta:

        model = Thread
        fields = ('pk', 'thread_id', 'title', 'url', 'posts')
        read_only_fields = ('thread_id', )


class PostSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Post

...

class ThreadViewSet(viewsets.ReadOnlyModelViewSet):

    queryset = Thread.objects.all()
    serializer_class = ThreadSerializer


class PostViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):

    queryset = Post.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PostSerializer

scradeweb/views.py

：

# scradeweb/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, patterns, include
from scradeweb import views
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter


router = DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'threads', views.ThreadViewSet, )
router.register(r'posts', views.PostViewSet)

urlpatterns = router.urls

from rest_framework import serializers
from scradeweb.models import Thread, Post


class ThreadSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):

    posts = \
        serializers.HyperlinkedRelatedField(
            many=True,
            read_only=True,
            view_name='post-detail',
        )

    class Meta:

        model = Thread
        fields = ('pk', 'thread_id', 'title', 'url', 'posts')
        read_only_fields = ('thread_id', )


class PostSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Post

...

class ThreadViewSet(viewsets.ReadOnlyModelViewSet):

    queryset = Thread.objects.all()
    serializer_class = ThreadSerializer


class PostViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):

    queryset = Post.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PostSerializer

---

这里的问题是，您正在使用带有名称空间的Django REST框架。许多组件不能很好地使用它们，这并不意味着它们不能被使用，因此您需要通过大量的手动工作来解决这些问题。主要问题是超链接关系（

hyperlinked*Field

s），因为它们必须反转视图，这需要指定名称空间

首先从路由器级别开始，目前不支持名称空间。这只是

DefaultRouter

的一个问题，因为它将构建包含反向URL列表的索引页，这将立即触发错误这已被修复，但目前你还没有它。在最好的情况下（DRF 3.0+），索引页将完全为空（或指向不正确的URL），在最坏的情况下（DRF 2.x），它将始终触发内部服务器错误

第二个要看的地方是序列化程序字段。默认情况下，

HyperlinkedModelSerializer

将自动生成带有非命名空间URL的

HyperlinkedRelatedField

和

hyperlinkedEntityField

字段。使用名称空间时，必须覆盖所有这些自动生成的字段。这通常意味着您最好不要使用超链接ModelSerializer，而是使用

ModelSerializer

控制输出

首先（也是最简单的）要修复的是为所有对象自动生成的

url

字段。这是在将

view\u name

设置为详细信息页面（本例中为

thread detail

）时自动生成的，没有名称空间。您需要覆盖

视图\ u name

并在其前面包含名称空间（在本例中是

scradeweb:threaddetail

）

您还需要覆盖所有自动生成的相关字段。对于可写字段来说，这稍微有点困难，但我始终建议在这些情况下查看

repr（MySerializer（））

，以查看自动生成的字段的参数。对于只读字段，只需复制默认参数并再次更改

view\u name

class ThreadSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    posts = serializers.HyperlinkedRelatedField(
        many=True,
        read_only=True,
        view_name='scradeweb:post-detail',
    )

---

所有字段都需要这样做，而且Django REST框架似乎不会在不久的将来自动添加这样的功能。虽然这在一开始并不令人愉快，但它将为您提供一个很好的机会来欣赏DRF以前为您自动完成的一切。

视图在哪里=>

线程详细信息

？@LearningNeverStops将生成

线程详细信息

，

线程列表

，

发布详细信息

，

post list

来自视图集。你在我的网站url中包括srcradeweb/url.py吗？@user2309693是的，我仍然保留

url（r'scradeweb/'，include（'scradeweb.url'，namespace='scradeweb'））

在

mysite/url.py

中。你能展示一下论坛序列化程序吗