使用Python以六边形网格显示数据

我要找的是一个方法或类，它允许我在网格中显示六边形列表。理想情况下，我将能够使用某种形式的集合方法来更改各个六边形的颜色/阴影/边框

六边形使用@amitp中列出的轴向坐标系进行存储。但我可以很容易地将它们的中心输出为xy坐标

我觉得可能有一个解决方案隐藏在或。但前者是一种直方图方法，而后者由于DPI缩放而显得过于复杂

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那么，有人知道一个提供六边形网格的库吗？它不必在matplotlib中。我也很乐意使用ASCII艺术或切换到R。

这里有一个实现，允许您设置六边形单元格的颜色，也允许创建自定义边框颜色

这都是手工制作的，使用参考网站只需1小时。你可能需要调整它以适应你的需要，但似乎很有效

from tkinter import *

class HexaCanvas(Canvas):
    """ A canvas that provides a create-hexagone method """
    def __init__(self, master, *args, **kwargs):
        Canvas.__init__(self, master, *args, **kwargs)

        self.hexaSize = 20

    def setHexaSize(self, number):
        self.hexaSize = number


    def create_hexagone(self, x, y, color = "black", fill="blue", color1=None, color2=None, color3=None, color4=None, color5=None, color6=None):
        """ 
        Compute coordinates of 6 points relative to a center position.
        Point are numbered following this schema :

        Points in euclidiean grid:  
                    6

                5       1
                    .
                4       2

                    3

        Each color is applied to the side that link the vertex with same number to its following.
        Ex : color 1 is applied on side (vertex1, vertex2)

        Take care that tkinter ordinate axes is inverted to the standard euclidian ones.
        Point on the screen will be horizontally mirrored.
        Displayed points:

                    3
              color3/      \color2      
                4       2
            color4|     |color1
                5       1
              color6\      /color6
                    6

        """
        size = self.hexaSize
        Δx = (size**2 - (size/2)**2)**0.5

        point1 = (x+Δx, y+size/2)
        point2 = (x+Δx, y-size/2)
        point3 = (x   , y-size  )
        point4 = (x-Δx, y-size/2)
        point5 = (x-Δx, y+size/2)
        point6 = (x   , y+size  )

        #this setting allow to specify a different color for each side.
        if color1 == None:
            color1 = color
        if color2 == None:
            color2 = color
        if color3 == None:
            color3 = color
        if color4 == None:
            color4 = color
        if color5 == None:
            color5 = color
        if color6 == None:
            color6 = color

        self.create_line(point1, point2, fill=color1, width=2)
        self.create_line(point2, point3, fill=color2, width=2)
        self.create_line(point3, point4, fill=color3, width=2)
        self.create_line(point4, point5, fill=color4, width=2)
        self.create_line(point5, point6, fill=color5, width=2)
        self.create_line(point6, point1, fill=color6, width=2)

        if fill != None:
            self.create_polygon(point1, point2, point3, point4, point5, point6, fill=fill)

class HexagonalGrid(HexaCanvas):
    """ A grid whose each cell is hexagonal """
    def __init__(self, master, scale, grid_width, grid_height, *args, **kwargs):

        Δx     = (scale**2 - (scale/2.0)**2)**0.5
        width  = 2 * Δx * grid_width + Δx
        height = 1.5 * scale * grid_height + 0.5 * scale

        HexaCanvas.__init__(self, master, background='white', width=width, height=height, *args, **kwargs)
        self.setHexaSize(scale)

    def setCell(self, xCell, yCell, *args, **kwargs ):
        """ Create a content in the cell of coordinates x and y. Could specify options throught keywords : color, fill, color1, color2, color3, color4; color5, color6"""

        #compute pixel coordinate of the center of the cell:
        size = self.hexaSize
        Δx = (size**2 - (size/2)**2)**0.5

        pix_x = Δx + 2*Δx*xCell
        if yCell%2 ==1 :
            pix_x += Δx

        pix_y = size + yCell*1.5*size

        self.create_hexagone(pix_x, pix_y, *args, **kwargs)



if __name__ == "__main__":
    tk = Tk()

    grid = HexagonalGrid(tk, scale = 50, grid_width=4, grid_height=4)
    grid.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)

    def correct_quit(tk):
        tk.destroy()
        tk.quit()

    quit = Button(tk, text = "Quit", command = lambda :correct_quit(tk))
    quit.grid(row=1, column=0)

    grid.setCell(0,0, fill='blue')
    grid.setCell(1,0, fill='red')
    grid.setCell(0,1, fill='green')
    grid.setCell(1,1, fill='yellow')
    grid.setCell(2,0, fill='cyan')
    grid.setCell(0,2, fill='teal')
    grid.setCell(2,1, fill='silver')
    grid.setCell(1,2, fill='white')
    grid.setCell(2,2, fill='gray')

    tk.mainloop()

我试图正确地注释我的代码。如果你觉得有什么不清楚的地方，请毫不犹豫地要求解释

祝你好运 阿瑟·维塞

注意：在Python3上运行的脚本。这幅画有点参差不齐。Tk canvas上的改进可以按照

中的建议添加反别名您可以使用my python模块来实现此目的-创建和绘制六边形网格：

来自hexalattice.hexalattice导入*
六边形中心，创建六边形网格（nx=5，
ny=5，
do_plot=True）
plt.show（）#导入matplotlib.pyplot作为plt

制作此图：

有关更多示例，请参见此答案：

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为什么不简单地使用Tkinter画布呢？在Win7、3.4.2、tk 8.6中，tk.quit退出tcl，但不关闭tk窗口。在我的Linux上，它可以正常工作。我知道为了正确地退出它，您必须调用

tk.destroy

和

tk.quit

方法。但是感谢你在这里指出这个错误。我将编辑代码。