python中的一个简单套接字

我是网络编程领域的新手，所以我认为sockets是一个很好的起点。我做了一个简单的，但它不断抛出一个错误

这就是错误所在

 Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/mbp/Desktop/python user files/Untitled.py", line 3, in <module>
   client_socket.connect(('localhost', 5000))
 File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/socket.py", line 228, in meth
   return getattr(self._sock,name)(*args)
error: [Errno 61] Connection refused

客户

import socket
import os     

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)        
host = '192.168.0.10' 
port = 12345                

s.connect((host, port))
print s.recv(1024)
s.close         

---

只有在我运行客户端之后，我才会得到错误。在命令提示符下运行它也很重要，您要连接到哪个服务器？服务器需要在代码中有一个

server\u socket.accept（）

，才能接受连接。从只看你的客户很难判断

为了帮助你，我将附加一个我用python编写的多客户端聊天，也许你可以从中学习一些python，它有线程和多客户端套接字连接，如果这对你来说太多了，我有一些更基本的东西，请发表评论让我知道

服务器：

import socket
import select
import thread
import random
from datetime import date

server_socket = socket.socket()
server_socket.bind(('0.0.0.0', 8820))

server_socket.listen(5)

open_client_sockets = []
open_client_sockets_with_name = []
message_to_send = []

new_name = "new"

# recives a client socket and finds it in the list of open client sockets and returns its name
def find_name_by_socket(current_socket):
    for client_and_name in open_client_sockets_with_name:
        (client_address, client_name) = client_and_name
        if client_address == current_socket:
            return client_name 

# this function takes a commend, executes it and send the result to the client
def execute(cmd):
    if cmd == "DATE":
        current_socket.send(str(date.today()))
    elif cmd == "NAME":
        current_socket.send("best server ever")
    elif cmd == "RAND":
        current_socket.send(str(random.randrange(1,11,1)))
    elif cmd == "EXIT":
        current_socket.send("closing")
        open_client_sockets.remove(current_socket)
        open_client_sockets_with_name.remove((current_socket, find_name_by_socket(current_socket)))
        current_socket.close()
    else :
        current_socket.send("there was an error in the commend sent")

def send_waiting_message(wlist):
    # sends the message that needs to be sent
    for message in message_to_send:
        (client_socket, name, data) = message

        if data[0] != '`':
            print name + ": " + data
            for client in wlist:
                if client_socket != client:
                    client.send(name + ": " + data)
        else: # this will execute a command and not print it
            print "executing... " + data[1:]
            execute(data[1:])
        message_to_send.remove(message)

while True:
    '''
    rlist, sockets that you can read from
    wlist, sockets that you can send to
    xlist, sockets that send errors '''
    rlist, wlist, xlist = select.select( [server_socket] + open_client_sockets,open_client_sockets , [] )
    for current_socket in rlist:
        if current_socket is server_socket:
            (new_socket, address) = server_socket.accept()
            new_name = new_socket.recv(1024)
            print new_name + " connected"
            open_client_sockets.append(new_socket)
            open_client_sockets_with_name.append((new_socket, new_name))
        else:
            data = current_socket.recv(1024)
            if data == "":
                try:
                    open_client_sockets.remove(current_socket)
                    open_client_sockets_with_name.remove((current_socket, find_name_by_socket(current_socket)))
                except:
                    print "error"
                print "connection with client closed"
            else:

                message_to_send.append((current_socket, str(find_name_by_socket(current_socket)) ,  str(data)))

    send_waiting_message(wlist)

server_socket.close()

客户：

import socket
import threading
global msg

# recives input from the server
def recv():
    while True:
        try: # try to recive that data the the server is sending
            data = client_socket.recv(1024)
            print data
        except: # the connection is closed
            return

# send user input to the server
def send():
    while True: # store what the user wrote in the global variable msg and send it to the server
        msg = raw_input("--- ")
        client_socket.send(msg)
        if msg == "`EXIT":
            client_socket.close()
            return

name = raw_input("enter your name ")
print "use ` to enter a commend"

try:
    client_socket = socket.socket()             # new socket
    client_socket.connect(('127.0.0.1', 8820))  # connect to the server
    client_socket.send(name)                    # send the name to the server

    # since receving the server's output and sending the user's input uses blocking functions it is required to run them in a separate thread
    thread_send = threading.Thread(target = send) # creates the thread in charge of sending user input
    thread_recv = threading.Thread(target = recv) # creates the thread in charge of reciving server output

    thread_recv.start() # starts the thread
    thread_send.start() # starts the thread
except:
    print "an error occurred in the main function"
    client_socket.close()

import socket

client_socket = socket.socket()                    # new socket object
client_socket.connect(('127.0.0.1', 8820))         # connect to the server on port 8820, the ip '127.0.0.1' is special because it will always refer to your own computer

while True:
    try:
        print "please enter a commend"
        print "TIME - request the current time"
        print "NAME - request the name of the server"
        print "RAND - request a random number"
        print "EXIT - request to disconnect the sockets"
        cmd = raw_input("please enter your name") # user input

        client_socket.send(cmd)                   # send the string to the server

        data = client_socket.recv(1024)           # recive server output
        print "the server sent: " + data          # print that data from the server
        print
        if data == "closing":
            break
    except:
        print "closing server"
        break

client_socket.close()                             # close the connection with the server

---

您正在连接到哪个服务器？服务器需要在代码中有一个

server\u socket.accept（）

，才能接受连接。从只看你的客户很难判断

为了帮助你，我将附加一个我用python编写的多客户端聊天，也许你可以从中学习一些python，它有线程和多客户端套接字连接，如果这对你来说太多了，我有一些更基本的东西，请发表评论让我知道

服务器：

import socket
import select
import thread
import random
from datetime import date

server_socket = socket.socket()
server_socket.bind(('0.0.0.0', 8820))

server_socket.listen(5)

open_client_sockets = []
open_client_sockets_with_name = []
message_to_send = []

new_name = "new"

# recives a client socket and finds it in the list of open client sockets and returns its name
def find_name_by_socket(current_socket):
    for client_and_name in open_client_sockets_with_name:
        (client_address, client_name) = client_and_name
        if client_address == current_socket:
            return client_name 

# this function takes a commend, executes it and send the result to the client
def execute(cmd):
    if cmd == "DATE":
        current_socket.send(str(date.today()))
    elif cmd == "NAME":
        current_socket.send("best server ever")
    elif cmd == "RAND":
        current_socket.send(str(random.randrange(1,11,1)))
    elif cmd == "EXIT":
        current_socket.send("closing")
        open_client_sockets.remove(current_socket)
        open_client_sockets_with_name.remove((current_socket, find_name_by_socket(current_socket)))
        current_socket.close()
    else :
        current_socket.send("there was an error in the commend sent")

def send_waiting_message(wlist):
    # sends the message that needs to be sent
    for message in message_to_send:
        (client_socket, name, data) = message

        if data[0] != '`':
            print name + ": " + data
            for client in wlist:
                if client_socket != client:
                    client.send(name + ": " + data)
        else: # this will execute a command and not print it
            print "executing... " + data[1:]
            execute(data[1:])
        message_to_send.remove(message)

while True:
    '''
    rlist, sockets that you can read from
    wlist, sockets that you can send to
    xlist, sockets that send errors '''
    rlist, wlist, xlist = select.select( [server_socket] + open_client_sockets,open_client_sockets , [] )
    for current_socket in rlist:
        if current_socket is server_socket:
            (new_socket, address) = server_socket.accept()
            new_name = new_socket.recv(1024)
            print new_name + " connected"
            open_client_sockets.append(new_socket)
            open_client_sockets_with_name.append((new_socket, new_name))
        else:
            data = current_socket.recv(1024)
            if data == "":
                try:
                    open_client_sockets.remove(current_socket)
                    open_client_sockets_with_name.remove((current_socket, find_name_by_socket(current_socket)))
                except:
                    print "error"
                print "connection with client closed"
            else:

                message_to_send.append((current_socket, str(find_name_by_socket(current_socket)) ,  str(data)))

    send_waiting_message(wlist)

server_socket.close()

客户：

import socket
import threading
global msg

# recives input from the server
def recv():
    while True:
        try: # try to recive that data the the server is sending
            data = client_socket.recv(1024)
            print data
        except: # the connection is closed
            return

# send user input to the server
def send():
    while True: # store what the user wrote in the global variable msg and send it to the server
        msg = raw_input("--- ")
        client_socket.send(msg)
        if msg == "`EXIT":
            client_socket.close()
            return

name = raw_input("enter your name ")
print "use ` to enter a commend"

try:
    client_socket = socket.socket()             # new socket
    client_socket.connect(('127.0.0.1', 8820))  # connect to the server
    client_socket.send(name)                    # send the name to the server

    # since receving the server's output and sending the user's input uses blocking functions it is required to run them in a separate thread
    thread_send = threading.Thread(target = send) # creates the thread in charge of sending user input
    thread_recv = threading.Thread(target = recv) # creates the thread in charge of reciving server output

    thread_recv.start() # starts the thread
    thread_send.start() # starts the thread
except:
    print "an error occurred in the main function"
    client_socket.close()

import socket

client_socket = socket.socket()                    # new socket object
client_socket.connect(('127.0.0.1', 8820))         # connect to the server on port 8820, the ip '127.0.0.1' is special because it will always refer to your own computer

while True:
    try:
        print "please enter a commend"
        print "TIME - request the current time"
        print "NAME - request the name of the server"
        print "RAND - request a random number"
        print "EXIT - request to disconnect the sockets"
        cmd = raw_input("please enter your name") # user input

        client_socket.send(cmd)                   # send the string to the server

        data = client_socket.recv(1024)           # recive server output
        print "the server sent: " + data          # print that data from the server
        print
        if data == "closing":
            break
    except:
        print "closing server"
        break

client_socket.close()                             # close the connection with the server

---

您正在启动的服务器没有地址

192.168.0.10

，而是本地主机。请参阅运行

server.py

时打印的

localhost

地址。将主机变量更新到

client.py

中的该地址，这将解决问题。

您正在启动的服务器没有地址

192.168.0.10

，而是本地主机。请参阅运行

server.py

时打印的

localhost

地址。将主机变量更新到

client.py中的该地址，这将解决问题。
下面是一个简单命令服务器的示例：
如果运行服务器代码，然后运行客户端，则可以键入客户端并发送到服务器。如果您键入TIME，您将从服务器获得一个respons，其中包含一个日期为今天的字符串，其他命令的工作方式与此相同。如果键入EXIT，它将关闭连接，并将从服务器向客户端发送关闭字符串

import socket
import os     

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)        
host = '192.168.0.10' 
port = 12345                

s.connect((host, port))
print s.recv(1024)
s.close         

服务器：

import socket
import random
from datetime import date


server_socket = socket.socket()                           # new socket object
server_socket.bind(('0.0.0.0', 8820))                     # empty bind (will connect to a real ip later)

server_socket.listen(1)                                   # see if any client is trying to connect

(client_socket, client_address) = server_socket.accept()  # accept the connection
while True: # main server loop
    client_cmd = client_socket.recv(1024)                 # recive user input from client
    # check waht command was entered
    if client_cmd == "TIME":
        client_socket.send(str(date.today()))             # send the date
    elif client_cmd == "NAME":
        client_socket.send("best server ever")            # send this text
    elif client_cmd == "RAND":
        client_socket.send(str(random.randrange(1,11,1))) # send this randomly generated number
    elif client_cmd == "EXIT":
        client_socket.send("closing")
        client_socket.close()                             # close the connection with the client
        server_socket.close()                             # close the server
        break
    else :
        client_socket.send("there was an error in the commend sent")

client_socket.close()                                     # just in case try to close again
server_socket.close()                                     # just in case try to close again

客户：

import socket
import threading
global msg

# recives input from the server
def recv():
    while True:
        try: # try to recive that data the the server is sending
            data = client_socket.recv(1024)
            print data
        except: # the connection is closed
            return

# send user input to the server
def send():
    while True: # store what the user wrote in the global variable msg and send it to the server
        msg = raw_input("--- ")
        client_socket.send(msg)
        if msg == "`EXIT":
            client_socket.close()
            return

name = raw_input("enter your name ")
print "use ` to enter a commend"

try:
    client_socket = socket.socket()             # new socket
    client_socket.connect(('127.0.0.1', 8820))  # connect to the server
    client_socket.send(name)                    # send the name to the server

    # since receving the server's output and sending the user's input uses blocking functions it is required to run them in a separate thread
    thread_send = threading.Thread(target = send) # creates the thread in charge of sending user input
    thread_recv = threading.Thread(target = recv) # creates the thread in charge of reciving server output

    thread_recv.start() # starts the thread
    thread_send.start() # starts the thread
except:
    print "an error occurred in the main function"
    client_socket.close()

import socket

client_socket = socket.socket()                    # new socket object
client_socket.connect(('127.0.0.1', 8820))         # connect to the server on port 8820, the ip '127.0.0.1' is special because it will always refer to your own computer

while True:
    try:
        print "please enter a commend"
        print "TIME - request the current time"
        print "NAME - request the name of the server"
        print "RAND - request a random number"
        print "EXIT - request to disconnect the sockets"
        cmd = raw_input("please enter your name") # user input

        client_socket.send(cmd)                   # send the string to the server

        data = client_socket.recv(1024)           # recive server output
        print "the server sent: " + data          # print that data from the server
        print
        if data == "closing":
            break
    except:
        print "closing server"
        break

client_socket.close()                             # close the connection with the server

下面是一个简单命令服务器的示例：
如果运行服务器代码，然后运行客户端，则可以键入客户端并发送到服务器。如果您键入TIME，您将从服务器获得一个respons，其中包含一个日期为今天的字符串，其他命令的工作方式与此相同。如果键入EXIT，它将关闭连接，并将从服务器向客户端发送关闭字符串

import socket
import os     

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)        
host = '192.168.0.10' 
port = 12345                

s.connect((host, port))
print s.recv(1024)
s.close         

服务器：

import socket
import random
from datetime import date


server_socket = socket.socket()                           # new socket object
server_socket.bind(('0.0.0.0', 8820))                     # empty bind (will connect to a real ip later)

server_socket.listen(1)                                   # see if any client is trying to connect

(client_socket, client_address) = server_socket.accept()  # accept the connection
while True: # main server loop
    client_cmd = client_socket.recv(1024)                 # recive user input from client
    # check waht command was entered
    if client_cmd == "TIME":
        client_socket.send(str(date.today()))             # send the date
    elif client_cmd == "NAME":
        client_socket.send("best server ever")            # send this text
    elif client_cmd == "RAND":
        client_socket.send(str(random.randrange(1,11,1))) # send this randomly generated number
    elif client_cmd == "EXIT":
        client_socket.send("closing")
        client_socket.close()                             # close the connection with the client
        server_socket.close()                             # close the server
        break
    else :
        client_socket.send("there was an error in the commend sent")

client_socket.close()                                     # just in case try to close again
server_socket.close()                                     # just in case try to close again

客户：

import socket
import threading
global msg

# recives input from the server
def recv():
    while True:
        try: # try to recive that data the the server is sending
            data = client_socket.recv(1024)
            print data
        except: # the connection is closed
            return

# send user input to the server
def send():
    while True: # store what the user wrote in the global variable msg and send it to the server
        msg = raw_input("--- ")
        client_socket.send(msg)
        if msg == "`EXIT":
            client_socket.close()
            return

name = raw_input("enter your name ")
print "use ` to enter a commend"

try:
    client_socket = socket.socket()             # new socket
    client_socket.connect(('127.0.0.1', 8820))  # connect to the server
    client_socket.send(name)                    # send the name to the server

    # since receving the server's output and sending the user's input uses blocking functions it is required to run them in a separate thread
    thread_send = threading.Thread(target = send) # creates the thread in charge of sending user input
    thread_recv = threading.Thread(target = recv) # creates the thread in charge of reciving server output

    thread_recv.start() # starts the thread
    thread_send.start() # starts the thread
except:
    print "an error occurred in the main function"
    client_socket.close()

import socket

client_socket = socket.socket()                    # new socket object
client_socket.connect(('127.0.0.1', 8820))         # connect to the server on port 8820, the ip '127.0.0.1' is special because it will always refer to your own computer

while True:
    try:
        print "please enter a commend"
        print "TIME - request the current time"
        print "NAME - request the name of the server"
        print "RAND - request a random number"
        print "EXIT - request to disconnect the sockets"
        cmd = raw_input("please enter your name") # user input

        client_socket.send(cmd)                   # send the string to the server

        data = client_socket.recv(1024)           # recive server output
        print "the server sent: " + data          # print that data from the server
        print
        if data == "closing":
            break
    except:
        print "closing server"
        break

client_socket.close()                             # close the connection with the server

谢谢，客户端和服务器是我的电脑，看起来它们是一样的。这不是我所要求的，客户端和服务器在你的电脑上运行，但它们是两个不同的代码页，因为客户端和服务器不可能写在同一个文件中，它们需要分开运行。我需要查看服务器的代码，以便帮助解决最初的问题现在我看到了，很抱歉我第一次读你的帖子时错过了它（愚蠢的阅读障碍）。我想你需要在你的第11行加上（），顺便说一句（c，addr）=s。accept（）仍然抛出相同的错误。你能帮我一个忙吗？请发送一个简单的插座，只用于确认连接，我可以在上面玩。行了，我只是给它添加了更好的注释，这样你就可以理解了。谢谢，客户和服务是我的电脑，看起来它们是一样的。这不是我要求的，客户端和服务器在您的pc上运行，但它们是两个不同的代码页，因为客户端和服务器不可能写入同一个文件，它们需要分开并单独运行。我需要查看服务器的代码，以便帮助解决最初的问题现在我看到了，很抱歉我第一次读你的帖子时错过了它（愚蠢的阅读障碍）。我想你需要在你的第11行加上（），顺便说一句（c，addr）=s。accept（）仍然抛出相同的错误。你能帮我一个忙，发送一个只用于确认连接的简单套接字，我可以从中使用它。行了，我只是给它添加了更好的注释，这样你就可以了解客户和服务在同一台机器上。我只想确认连接。客户端和服务器在同一台机器上。我只是想确认连接。@Mohamedurdan您能提供更多信息吗？我使用了从localhost获得的ip，并按照您的建议在客户端文件中使用了它，但仍然收到相同的错误message@mohamedurrdan它适用于我，除此之外没有任何变化。@Mohamedurdan你能提供更多信息吗？我使用了我从localhost并按照您的建议在客户机文件中使用了它，但仍然收到相同的错误message@mohamedurrdan它对我有效，除此之外没有任何变化。非常感谢。我应该使用终端还是按原样运行？你可以随意运行，但我建议下载PyCharm，然后你只需右键单击包含代码的文件，然后单击“运行”。确保在文件->设置->项目：“项目名称”->项目解释器中将解释器设置配置为2.7.x。我有PyCharm。现在一切都很有魅力。我现在更了解套接字了。幸好我在6个月前是python的乞丐，所以我知道掌握基本知识有多难。非常感谢。我应该使用终端还是按原样运行？你可以随意运行，但我建议下载PyCharm，然后你只需右键单击包含代码的文件，然后单击“运行”。确保在文件->设置->项目：“项目名称”->项目解释器中将解释器设置配置为2.7.x。我有PyCharm。每个人