Python 让'；让我们来做个交易吧

我被要求编写一个基于老电视节目《让我们达成协议》的python程序。我让程序打印出游戏的数量以及用户是否应该切换或留下。现在，我正试图找出如何打印用户应该留下并完全切换的时间百分比

以下是测试输入的内容：

25
7
exit

以下是程序应输出的内容：

Game 1
Doors : [ ’G’, ’C’, ’G’ ]
Player Selects Door 1
Monty Selects Door 3
Player should switch to win.
Game 2
Doors : [ ’C’, ’G’, ’G’ ]
Player Selects Door 2
Monty Selects Door 3
Player should switch to win.
Game 3
Doors : [ ’G’, ’C’, ’G’ ]
Player Selects Door 1
Monty Selects Door 3
Player should switch to win.
Game 4
Doors : [ ’C’, ’G’, ’G’ ]
Player Selects Door 2
Monty Selects Door 3
Player should switch to win.
Game 5
Doors : [ ’G’, ’G’, ’C’ ]
Player Selects Door 3
Monty Selects Door 1
Player should stay to win.
Game 6
Doors : [ ’G’, ’C’, ’G’ ]
Player Selects Door 2
Monty Selects Door 1
Player should stay to win.
Game 7
Doors : [ ’G’, ’G’, ’C’ ]
Player Selects Door 2
Monty Selects Door 1
Player should switch to win.
Stay Won 28.6% of the time.
Switch Won 71.4% of the time.
How many tests should we run?
Thank you for using this program.

以下是我的程序输出：

Enter Random Seed:
25
Welcome to Monty Hall Analysis
Enter 'exit' to quit
How many tests should we run?
7
Game 1
Doors: ['G', 'C', 'G']
Player Selects Door 1
Monty Selects Door 3
Player should switch to win.
Game 2
Doors: ['G', 'C', 'G']
Player Selects Door 2
Monty Selects Door 1
Player should stay to win.
Game 3
Doors: ['C', 'G', 'G']
Player Selects Door 1
Monty Selects Door 3
Player should stay to win.
Game 4
Doors: ['G', 'G', 'C']
Player Selects Door 3
Monty Selects Door 2
Player should stay to win.
Game 5
Doors: ['G', 'G', 'C']
Player Selects Door 3
Monty Selects Door 2
Player should stay to win.
Game 6
Doors: ['G', 'C', 'G']
Player Selects Door 3
Monty Selects Door 1
Player should switch to win.
Game 7
Doors: ['C', 'G', 'G']
Player Selects Door 2
Monty Selects Door 3
Player should switch to win.
How many tests should we run?

以下是我编写的代码：

import random
import sys

try:
    randSeed = int(input('Enter Random Seed:\n'))
    random.seed(randSeed)
except ValueError:
    sys.exit("Seed is not a number!")

print('Welcome to Monty Hall Analysis')
print("Enter 'exit' to quit")

while True:
    testNum = input('How many tests should we run?\n')
    valid = False
    while not valid:
        try:
            if testNum == "exit":
                sys.exit("Thank you for using this program.")
            else:
                testNum = int(testNum)
                valid = True
        except ValueError:
            testNum = input('Please enter a number:\n')
    pStay = 0
    pChange = 0
    numGame = 0
    for numGame in range(1, testNum + 1):
        doorList = ['C', 'G', 'G']
        random.shuffle(doorList)
        print('Game', numGame)
        print('Doors:', doorList)
        playerDoor = random.randint(0,2)
        montyDoor = random.randint(0,2)
        print('Player Selects Door', playerDoor+1)
        while montyDoor == playerDoor or doorList[montyDoor] == 'C':
            montyDoor = random.randint(0,2)
        print('Monty Selects Door', montyDoor+1)
        if doorList[playerDoor] == 'C':
            var = 0
        else:
            var = 1

        if var == 0:
            pStay += 1
            print('Player should stay to win.')
            pStay += 1
        if var == 1:
            print('Player should switch to win.')

---

抱歉，如果我的代码看起来不正确或令人困惑。这是我第一次编程，谢谢。

好吧，你要记录玩家应该留下来赢球的次数。所以保留的百分比是“（pStay/float（testNum））*100）”，然后简单地从100中减去该数字，得到要更改的百分比（因为它们的总和必须达到100%）

我想我应该提供更多的信息。公式是将停留游戏的数量从游戏总数中扣除。乘以100可将十进制值转换为百分比

所以，如果你在一场比赛中，打了10场比赛，它将是1/10，也就是0.1乘以100，是10%

因为1/10你应该留下来，这意味着9/10你应该改变。因此，您可以减去停留百分比以获得更改百分比，即100%-10%=90%

---

我之所以在代码中使用float（）转换，是因为在python2中，如果将整数除以整数，它不会计算小数部分。它只是四舍五入到整数值。所以1/10会给你0，而不是1。在python3中，它确实会产生一个分数值，但由于我不知道您使用的是哪个版本，所以可以将其转换为浮点值以获得预期结果

请参见下面添加的注释，您已经接近了。但是，您缺少pSwitch的总和计数变量。希望这有帮助

import random
import sys

try:
    randSeed = int(input('Enter Random Seed:\n'))
    random.seed(randSeed)
except ValueError:
    sys.exit("Seed is not a number!")

print('Welcome to Monty Hall Analysis')
print("Enter 'exit' to quit")

while True:

    # Total Number of Games
    testNum = input('How many tests should we run?\n')

    valid = False
    while not valid:
        try:
            if testNum == "exit":
                sys.exit("Thank you for using this program.")
            else:
                testNum = int(testNum)
                valid = True
        except ValueError:
            testNum = input('Please enter a number:\n')
    pStay = 0
    pSwitch = 0  # Also need a running count var for switch
    numGame = 0
    for numGame in range(1, testNum + 1):
        doorList = ['C', 'G', 'G']
        random.shuffle(doorList)
        print('Game', numGame)
        print('Doors:', doorList)
        playerDoor = random.randint(0,2)
        montyDoor = random.randint(0,2)
        print('Player Selects Door', playerDoor+1)
        while montyDoor == playerDoor or doorList[montyDoor] == 'C':
            montyDoor = random.randint(0,2)
        print('Monty Selects Door', montyDoor+1)
        if doorList[playerDoor] == 'C':
            var = 0
        else:
            var = 1

        if var == 0:
            #pStay+=1  - - Not sure why you have two increments for pStay.. only need one.
            print('Player should stay to win.')
            pStay += 1
        if var == 1:
            print('Player should switch to win.')
            pSwitch += 1 # Also increment the pSwitch

    # Print out the percentages
    print('\n')    
    print("Percentage of times player should have STAYED: ",(pStay/testNum) * 100, "%")
    print("Percentage of times player should have SWITCHED: ",(pSwitch/testNum) * 100, "%")

---

下面是Python3.6对使用集合进行交易的通用版本的模拟。在“达成交易”的广义版本中，门的数量和打开的门的数量可以不同。请参阅以供参考：

如果在doors=3和doors_to_open=1的情况下运行，如果不选择切换doors，则预期结果为33%，如果选择切换doors，则预期结果为66%

#!/usr/bin/env python
'''  application of Make a deal statistics
     application is using sets {}
     for reference see:
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/608957/monty-hall-problem-extended
'''
import random


def Make_a_Deal(doors, doors_to_open):
    '''  Generalised function of Make_a_Deal. Logic should be self explanatory
         Returns win_1 for the option when no change is made in the choice of
         door and win_2 when the option to change is taken.
    '''
    win_1, win_2 = False, False

    doors = set(range(1, doors+1))
    price = set(random.sample(doors, 1))
    choice1 = set(random.sample(doors, 1))
    open = set(random.sample(doors.difference(price).
               difference(choice1), doors_to_open))
    choice2 = set(random.sample(doors.difference(open).
                  difference(choice1), 1))
    win_1 = choice1.issubset(price)
    win_2 = choice2.issubset(price)

    return win_1, win_2


def main():
    '''  input:
         - throws: number of times to Make_a_Deal (must be > 0)
         - doors: number of doors to choose from (must be > 2)
         - doors_to_open: number of doors to be opened before giving the 
           option to change the initial choice (must be > 0 and <= doors-2)
    '''

    try:
        throws = int(input('how many throws: '))
        doors = int(input('how many doors: '))
        doors_to_open = int(input('how many doors to open: '))
        if (throws < 1) or (doors < 3) or \
                (doors_to_open > doors-2) or (doors_to_open < 1):
            print('invalid input')
            return

    except Exception as e:
        print('invalid input: ', e)
        return

    number_of_wins_1, number_of_wins_2, counter = 0, 0, 0

    while counter < throws:
        win_1, win_2 = Make_a_Deal(doors, doors_to_open)

        if win_1:
            number_of_wins_1 += 1
        if win_2:
            number_of_wins_2 += 1

        counter += 1
        print('completion is {:.2f}%'.
              format(100*counter/throws), end='\r')

    print('number of wins option 1 is {:.2f}%: '.
          format(100*number_of_wins_1/counter))
    print('number of wins option 2 is {:.2f}%: '.
          format(100*number_of_wins_2/counter))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

#/usr/bin/env python
''交易统计数据的应用
应用程序正在使用集合{}
有关参考资料，请参阅：
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/608957/monty-hall-problem-extended
'''
随机输入
def达成交易（门、门至门打开）：
“达成交易”的广义功能。逻辑应该是不言自明的
当选项的选择没有更改时，返回选项的win_1
选择更改时，door和win_2。
'''
赢1，赢2=假，假
门=设置（范围（1，门+1））
价格=套（随机样本（门，1））
choice1=集合（随机样本（门，1））
打开=设置（随机。样品（门）。差异（价格）。
差异（选择1），门（打开）
choice2=设置（随机。样本（门）。差异（打开）。
差异（选项1，1））
win_1=选择1.发行集（价格）
win_2=选择2.发行集（价格）
返回win_1，win_2
def main（）：
''输入：
-抛出次数：达成交易的次数（必须大于0）
-门：可选择的门数（必须大于2）
-doors_to_open：在发出警告之前要打开的门的数量
用于更改初始选择的选项（必须大于0，并在代码上添加一些样式注释。不要使用变量名“var”。它根本不是描述性的。例如，使用“correctDoor”。此外，不要将其设置为1或0并进行比较。只需使用True和False。那么底部的代码可能是“if correctDoor”，您可以替换“if var==1”只使用一个“else”条件，因为不需要再次检查Hanks！您解释它的方式是有道理的。但是，我将把它放在代码中的什么位置？在我的最后一个if语句之后？请注意我在回答中所说的（pStay/testNum）只能在python3中正常工作。在python2中，它将执行整数除法，因此答案将始终舍入为0，不包括pstay==testNum的情况，其中它将为1。根据print语句的格式，我假设它是python3，但为了可移植性，我仍然建议使用cast to float（）