Python生成错误：未能生成模块_ssl和_hashlib

通过将源代码安装到RHEL4框中，我将Python2.7.13添加为altinstall

wget --no-check-certificate https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.13/Python-2.7.13.tar.xz
tar -xvzf Python2.7.13.tar.xz
cd Python2.7.13
./configure --with-ensurepip=install
make
make test
make altinstall

这样我就不会覆盖其他用途所需的默认python。Python2.7.13将成功安装，但我正在处理的项目缺少几个基本模块

最初_ssl和_haslib模块会在本节中出错

Python build finished, but the necessary bits to build these modules were not found:
_bsddb             _sqlite3           _tkinter
bsddb185           dbm                dl
gdbm               imageop            sunaudiodev

To find the necessary bits, look in setup.py in detect_modules() for the module's name.

我安装了openssl并确保它们位于python查找它们的默认位置，因此现在我有了必要的位，但它以此消息结束

Failed to build these modules:
_hashlib           _ssl

下面是解压python包的

python2.7setup.py构建的完整输出。我一直在搜索谷歌和任何我能找到的地方，但到目前为止我在任何方面都没有成功

running build
running build_ext
INFO: Can't locate Tcl/Tk libs and/or headers
building '_ssl' extension
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/local/ssl/include -I. -IInclude -I./Include -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/python2.7 -c /Python/Modules/_ssl.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/Python/Modules/_ssl.o
/Python/Modules/_ssl.c:57: warning: ignoring #pragma GCC diagnostic
/Python/Modules/_ssl.c: In function ‘_setup_ssl_threads’:
/Python/Modules/_ssl.c:4012: warning: comparison is always false due to limited range of data type
gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/Python/Modules/_ssl.o -L/usr/local/ssl/lib -L/usr/local/lib -lssl -lcrypto -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/_ssl.so
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/ssl/lib/libssl.a(s3_meth.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `a local symbol' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
/usr/local/ssl/lib/libssl.a: could not read symbols: Bad value
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
building '_hashlib' extension
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/local/ssl/include -I. -IInclude -I./Include -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/python2.7 -c /Python/Modules/_hashopenssl.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/Python/Modules/_hashopenssl.o
gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/Python/Modules/_hashopenssl.o -L/usr/local/ssl/lib -L/usr/local/lib -lssl -lcrypto -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/_hashlib.so
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/ssl/lib/libcrypto.a(o_names.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `a local symbol' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
/usr/local/ssl/lib/libcrypto.a: could not read symbols: Bad value
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

Python build finished, but the necessary bits to build these modules were not found:
_bsddb             _sqlite3           _tkinter
bsddb185           dbm                dl
gdbm               imageop            sunaudiodev
To find the necessary bits, look in setup.py in detect_modules() for the module's name.


Failed to build these modules:
_hashlib           _ssl

 running build_scripts

当我尝试使用随python 2.7.13一起安装的pip时，我遇到了一个SSL错误，因此我一直在从源代码（如cx_Oracle和CherryPy）安装所有软件包和其他模块

pip2.7 install cffi
pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
Collecting cffi
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/cffi/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available. - skipping
  Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement cffi (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for cffi

我还尝试使用手动添加ssl模块

wget --no-check-certificate https://pypi.python.org/packages/83/21/f469c9923235f8c36d5fd5334ed11e2681abad7e0032c5aba964dcaf9bbb/ssl-1.16.tar.gz#md5=fb12d335d56f3c8c7c1fefc1c06c4bfb
tar -xvzf ssl-1.16.tar.gz
cd ssl-1.16
python2.7 setup.py build

但我得到一个错误，即它不应该与python 2.6版一起使用

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "setup.py", line 12, in <module>
    + "or earlier.")
ValueError: This extension should not be used with Python 2.6 or later (already built in), and has not been tested with Python 2.3.4 or earlier.

现在我得到了一个关于ssl模块的稍微不同的错误，我只是越来越多地破坏我的环境吗

python2.7 setup.py build
running build
running build_ext
INFO: Can't locate Tcl/Tk libs and/or headers
building '_ssl' extension
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/local/ssl/include -I. -IInclude -I./Include -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/python2.7 -c /Python/Modules/_ssl.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/Python/Modules/_ssl.o
/Python/Modules/_ssl.c:57: warning: ignoring #pragma GCC diagnostic
/Python/Modules/_ssl.c: In function ‘_setup_ssl_threads’:
/Python/Modules/_ssl.c:4012: warning: comparison is always false due to limited range of data type
gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/Python/Modules/_ssl.o -L/usr/local/ssl/lib -L/usr/local/lib -lssl -lcrypto -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/_ssl.so
*** WARNING: renaming "_ssl" since importing it failed: libssl.so.1.0.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
building '_hashlib' extension
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/local/ssl/include -I. -IInclude -I./Include -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/python2.7 -c /Python/Modules/_hashopenssl.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/Python/Modules/_hashopenssl.o
gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/Python/Modules/_hashopenssl.o -L/usr/local/ssl/lib -L/usr/local/lib -lssl -lcrypto -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/_hashlib.so
*** WARNING: renaming "_hashlib" since importing it failed: libssl.so.1.0.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

Python build finished, but the necessary bits to build these modules were not found:
_bsddb             _sqlite3           _tkinter
bsddb185           dbm                dl
gdbm               imageop            sunaudiodev
To find the necessary bits, look in setup.py in detect_modules() for the module's name.


Failed to build these modules:
_hashlib           _ssl

running build_scripts

输出中的新警告消息
***警告：导入失败后重命名“_ssl”：libssl.so.1.0.0:无法打开共享对象文件：没有这样的文件或目录
表示该文件不存在，但我在/usr/local/ssl/lib/中看到它，并可以通过搜索找到它

find / -name libssl.so.1.0.0
/usr/local/ssl/lib/libssl.so.1.0.0
/tmp/openssl-1.0.2l/libssl.so.1.0.0

嗯，我不知道是否觉得自己很愚蠢，这只是一件我完全忽略的常见事情，因为我对linux CLI相当陌生。但是，我能够通过amo响应中的两个简单步骤来解决_hashlib和_ssl模块的构建错误

我首先尝试了
ldconfig
，但这并没有解决我的问题，所以我只是用

echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH

然后返回这些不包括libssl.so.1.0.0文件所在位置的位置

/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib:/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client/lib

然后，我按照之前安装Oracle instant client和cx_Oracle模块时所做的步骤进行操作，这些步骤很容易在本文中列出：

我用于ssl模块的步骤如下

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/ssl/lib/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH >> ~/.bashrc
echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH
/usr/local/ssl/lib/:/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib:/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client/lib

在此之后，我进行了
python2.7 setup.py清理
，然后是
python2.7 setup.py构建
和最后一次
python2.7 setup.py安装
。输出没有返回任何失败的构建，除了那些我没有必要的位（并且无论如何都不想构建）的

我可以在打开python并成功导入模块时验证ssl模块是否存在

Python 2.7.13 (default, Jun 26 2017, 15:21:33)
[GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-48)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import ssl
>>>

希望这对遇到类似问题的人很方便
FYI cx_Oracle 6（目前处于RC 1发行状态）有轮子，因此任何旧的安装说明都可能过时。另外，如果从源代码构建它，您不再需要Oracle头文件。在我的例子中，在构建openssl时，我需要使用
shared
选项（-fPIC）对其进行配置。
Python 2.7.13 (default, Jun 26 2017, 15:21:33)
[GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-48)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import ssl
>>>