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Python 在NumPy数组上[:,:]是什么意思_Python_Arrays_Numpy_Matrix Indexing - Fatal编程技术网

Python 在NumPy数组上[:,:]是什么意思

Python 在NumPy数组上[:,:]是什么意思,python,arrays,numpy,matrix-indexing,Python,Arrays,Numpy,Matrix Indexing,对不起,我问了个愚蠢的问题。 我在PHP上编程,但在Python上找到了一些不错的代码,我想在PHP上“重新创建”它。 但我对这条线很失望 self.h = -0.1 self.activity = numpy.zeros((512, 512)) + self.h self.activity[:, :] = self.h 但我不明白这是什么意思 [:, :] 意思是 此外,我不能“谷歌它” 完整代码 import math import numpy import pygame fro

对不起,我问了个愚蠢的问题。 我在PHP上编程,但在Python上找到了一些不错的代码,我想在PHP上“重新创建”它。 但我对这条线很失望

self.h = -0.1    
self.activity = numpy.zeros((512, 512)) + self.h
self.activity[:, :] = self.h
但我不明白这是什么意思

[:, :]
意思是

此外,我不能“谷歌它”

完整代码

import math
import numpy
import pygame
from scipy.misc import imsave
from scipy.ndimage.filters import gaussian_filter


class AmariModel(object):

    def __init__(self, size):
        self.h = -0.1
        self.k = 0.05
        self.K = 0.125
        self.m = 0.025
        self.M = 0.065

        self.stimulus = -self.h * numpy.random.random(size)
        self.activity = numpy.zeros(size) + self.h
        self.excitement = numpy.zeros(size)
        self.inhibition = numpy.zeros(size)

    def stimulate(self):
        self.activity[:, :] = self.activity > 0

        sigma = 1 / math.sqrt(2 * self.k)
        gaussian_filter(self.activity, sigma, 0, self.excitement, "wrap")
        self.excitement *= self.K * math.pi / self.k

        sigma = 1 / math.sqrt(2 * self.m)
        gaussian_filter(self.activity, sigma, 0, self.inhibition, "wrap")
        self.inhibition *= self.M * math.pi / self.m

        self.activity[:, :] = self.h
        self.activity[:, :] += self.excitement
        self.activity[:, :] -= self.inhibition
        self.activity[:, :] += self.stimulus


class AmariMazeGenerator(object):

    def __init__(self, size):
        self.model = AmariModel(size)

        pygame.init()
        self.display = pygame.display.set_mode(size, 0)
        pygame.display.set_caption("Amari Maze Generator")

    def run(self):
        pixels = pygame.surfarray.pixels3d(self.display)

        index = 0
        running = True
        while running:
            self.model.stimulate()

            pixels[:, :, :] = (255 * (self.model.activity > 0))[:, :, None]
            pygame.display.flip()

            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                    running = False
                elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                    if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
                        running = False
                    elif event.key == pygame.K_s:
                        imsave("{0:04d}.png".format(index), pixels[:, :, 0])
                        index = index + 1
                elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
                    position = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
                    self.model.activity[position] = 1

        pygame.quit()


def main():
    generator = AmariMazeGenerator((512, 512))
    generator.run()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

这是切片分配。从技术上讲,它叫1

它将
self.activity
中的所有元素设置为
self.h
存储的任何值。你的代码看起来真的是多余的。据我所知,您可以删除前一行中的添加项,或者简单地使用切片分配:

self.activity = numpy.zeros((512,512)) + self.h

也许最快的方法是分配一个空数组并
。用期望值填充它:

self.activity = numpy.empty((512,512))
self.activity.fill(self.h)

1实际上,在调用
\uuuu setitem\uuuu
之前会尝试使用
\uuuu setslice\uuuu
,但是
\uuuu setslice\uuuuu
已被弃用,除非你有很好的理由,否则不应在现代代码中使用。

[:,:]
代表从开始到结束的一切,就像代表列表一样。区别在于第一个
代表第一个维度,第二个
代表第二个维度

a = numpy.zeros((3, 3))

In [132]: a
Out[132]: 
array([[ 0.,  0.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  0.]])
分配给第二行:

In [133]: a[1, :] = 3

In [134]: a
Out[134]: 
array([[ 0.,  0.,  0.],
       [ 3.,  3.,  3.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  0.]])
分配给第二列:

In [135]: a[:, 1] = 4

In [136]: a
Out[136]: 
array([[ 0.,  4.,  0.],
       [ 3.,  4.,  3.],
       [ 0.,  4.,  0.]])
分配给所有人:

In [137]: a[:] = 10

In [138]: a
Out[138]: 
array([[ 10.,  10.,  10.],
       [ 10.,  10.,  10.],
       [ 10.,  10.,  10.]])

numpy使用元组作为索引。 在本例中,这是一个详细的示例

它相当于更简单的

self.activity[:] = self.h

(这也适用于常规列表)

检查这个@ZangMingJie——是的,这是切片表示法的标准答案。然而,大多数答案(隐式地)集中在
\uu getitem\uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu
上,而不是
\uuuuuuuuuu setitem\uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu
上,因此我认为从不同的角度重新回答是合理的。因此我或者至少接近它。@user2432721——这实际上取决于
arr
的类型——但是对于
numpy.ndarray
,是的。这是正确的。@JochenRitzel--“它将
self.activity
中的所有元素设置为
self.h
存储的任何值”…这里
self.activity[:,:]=self.h
是多余的,因为
self.activity
已经是
self.h
。与此类似:
a=0+2
,然后
a=2
。这其实不一样,但可能有助于理解。你能再解释一下最后一个
[:,:]
吗?
In [137]: a[:] = 10

In [138]: a
Out[138]: 
array([[ 10.,  10.,  10.],
       [ 10.,  10.,  10.],
       [ 10.,  10.,  10.]])
[0]     #means line 0 of your matrix
[(0,0)] #means cell at 0,0 of your matrix
[0:1]   #means lines 0 to 1 excluded of your matrix
[:1]    #excluding the first value means all lines until line 1 excluded
[1:]    #excluding the last param mean all lines starting form line 1 
         included
[:]     #excluding both means all lines
[::2]   #the addition of a second ':' is the sampling. (1 item every 2)
[::]    #exluding it means a sampling of 1
[:,:]   #simply uses a tuple (a single , represents an empty tuple) instead 
         of an index.
self.activity[:] = self.h