Python 如何在固定位置设置yaxis勾号标签，以便在向左或向右滚动时，yaxis勾号标签应可见？

在我的程序中，我先画了一个图形，然后将figue导入画布。然后我将画布导入到滚动区域。当我运行程序时，如果我向左滚动，yaxis勾号标签将隐藏，或者向右滚动，yaxis勾号标签也将隐藏。 我取了两个轴。轴，轴2。我已经设置了axes2.yaxis.tick_right（）和axes.yaxis.tick_right（）

无论向左或向右滚动，我都希望yaxis勾号标签保持在右侧，并且始终可见。

输出图像：

---

当我向左滚动输出图像2时：

这里有一种方法可以使用PyQt

QtScrollBar

滚动轴的内容。这是通过根据滚动条的值更改轴的限制来实现的。为此，注册对

QtScrollBar

的

actionTriggered

方法的回调，以更改轴的限制

import sys
import matplotlib
# Make sure that we are using QT5
matplotlib.use('Qt5Agg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from PyQt5 import QtWidgets, QtCore
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar
import numpy as np

class ScrollableWindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self, fig, ax, step=0.1):
        plt.close("all")
        if not QtWidgets.QApplication.instance():
            self.app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
        else:
            self.app = QtWidgets.QApplication.instance() 

        QtWidgets.QMainWindow.__init__(self)
        self.widget = QtWidgets.QWidget()
        self.setCentralWidget(self.widget)
        self.widget.setLayout(QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout())
        self.widget.layout().setContentsMargins(0,0,0,0)
        self.widget.layout().setSpacing(0)

        self.fig = fig
        self.ax = ax
        self.canvas = FigureCanvas(self.fig)
        self.canvas.draw()
        self.scroll = QtWidgets.QScrollBar(QtCore.Qt.Horizontal)
        self.step = step
        self.setupSlider()
        self.nav = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self.widget)
        self.widget.layout().addWidget(self.nav)
        self.widget.layout().addWidget(self.canvas)
        self.widget.layout().addWidget(self.scroll)

        self.canvas.draw()
        self.show()
        self.app.exec_()

    def setupSlider(self):
        self.lims = np.array(self.ax.get_xlim())
        self.scroll.setPageStep(self.step*100)
        self.scroll.actionTriggered.connect(self.update)
        self.update()

    def update(self, evt=None):
        r = self.scroll.value()/((1+self.step)*100)
        l1 = self.lims[0]+r*np.diff(self.lims)
        l2 = l1 +  np.diff(self.lims)*self.step
        self.ax.set_xlim(l1,l2)
        print(self.scroll.value(), l1,l2)
        self.fig.canvas.draw_idle()


# create a figure and some subplots
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
t = np.linspace(0,3000,101)
x = np.cumsum(np.random.randn(len(t)))
ax.plot(t,x, marker="o")

# pass the figure to the custom window
a = ScrollableWindow(fig,ax)

---

---

有关图中的滚动条，请参见此处提供了一种使用PyQt

QtScrollBar

滚动轴内容的方法。这是通过根据滚动条的值更改轴的限制来实现的。为此，注册对

QtScrollBar

的

actionTriggered

方法的回调，以更改轴的限制

import sys
import matplotlib
# Make sure that we are using QT5
matplotlib.use('Qt5Agg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from PyQt5 import QtWidgets, QtCore
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar
import numpy as np

class ScrollableWindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self, fig, ax, step=0.1):
        plt.close("all")
        if not QtWidgets.QApplication.instance():
            self.app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
        else:
            self.app = QtWidgets.QApplication.instance() 

        QtWidgets.QMainWindow.__init__(self)
        self.widget = QtWidgets.QWidget()
        self.setCentralWidget(self.widget)
        self.widget.setLayout(QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout())
        self.widget.layout().setContentsMargins(0,0,0,0)
        self.widget.layout().setSpacing(0)

        self.fig = fig
        self.ax = ax
        self.canvas = FigureCanvas(self.fig)
        self.canvas.draw()
        self.scroll = QtWidgets.QScrollBar(QtCore.Qt.Horizontal)
        self.step = step
        self.setupSlider()
        self.nav = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self.widget)
        self.widget.layout().addWidget(self.nav)
        self.widget.layout().addWidget(self.canvas)
        self.widget.layout().addWidget(self.scroll)

        self.canvas.draw()
        self.show()
        self.app.exec_()

    def setupSlider(self):
        self.lims = np.array(self.ax.get_xlim())
        self.scroll.setPageStep(self.step*100)
        self.scroll.actionTriggered.connect(self.update)
        self.update()

    def update(self, evt=None):
        r = self.scroll.value()/((1+self.step)*100)
        l1 = self.lims[0]+r*np.diff(self.lims)
        l2 = l1 +  np.diff(self.lims)*self.step
        self.ax.set_xlim(l1,l2)
        print(self.scroll.value(), l1,l2)
        self.fig.canvas.draw_idle()


# create a figure and some subplots
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
t = np.linspace(0,3000,101)
x = np.cumsum(np.random.randn(len(t)))
ax.plot(t,x, marker="o")

# pass the figure to the custom window
a = ScrollableWindow(fig,ax)

---

---

对于图中的滚动条，请参见上面的答案，它运行良好，但不能将控制权交还给spyder窗口或python命令行。在spyder中，它也只能运行一次。在退出QT窗口时，添加了从另一个线程看到的更多点，并对此进行了改进

import sys
import matplotlib
# Make sure that we are using QT5
matplotlib.use('Qt5Agg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from PyQt5 import QtWidgets, QtCore
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar
import numpy as np

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QLabel, QGridLayout, QWidget
from PyQt5.QtCore import QSize

class HelloWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self, fig, ax , step = 0.1):


        plt.close("all")
        if not QtWidgets.QApplication.instance():
            self.app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
        else:
            self.app = QtWidgets.QApplication.instance() 

        
        QMainWindow.__init__(self)
 
        self.setMinimumSize(QSize(1500, 100))    
        self.setWindowTitle("Value Plotting") 

        self.step = step
        
        self.widget = QWidget() 
        self.setCentralWidget( self.widget )

        self.widget.setLayout(QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout())
        self.widget.layout().setContentsMargins(0,0,0,0)
        self.widget.layout().setSpacing(0)

        self.fig = fig
        self.ax = ax
        self.canvas = FigureCanvas(self.fig)
        self.canvas.draw()
        self.scroll = QtWidgets.QScrollBar(QtCore.Qt.Horizontal)
        self.step = step
        self.setupSlider()
        self.nav = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self.widget)#        self.widget.layout().addWidget(self.nav)
        self.widget.layout().addWidget(self.canvas)
        self.widget.layout().addWidget(self.scroll)

        menu = self.menuBar().addMenu('Action for quit')
        action = menu.addAction('Quit')
        action.triggered.connect(QtWidgets.QApplication.quit)

        self.canvas.draw()


        
    def setupSlider(self):
        self.lims = np.array(self.ax.get_xlim())
        self.scroll.setPageStep(self.step*100)
        self.scroll.actionTriggered.connect(self.update)
        self.update()

    def update(self, evt=None):
        r = self.scroll.value()/((1+self.step)*100)
        l1 = self.lims[0]+r*np.diff(self.lims)
        l2 = l1 +  np.diff(self.lims)*self.step
        self.ax.set_xlim(l1,l2)
        print(self.scroll.value(), l1,l2)
        self.fig.canvas.draw_idle()

        
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    def run_app(fig,ax):
        app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
        mainWin = HelloWindow(fig,ax)
        mainWin.show()
        app.exec_()


    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
    t = np.linspace(0,3000,101)
    x = np.cumsum(np.random.randn(len(t)))
    ax.plot(t,x, marker="o")

    run_app(fig,ax)

---

发现它在python控制台上运行良好。在Spyder中大致退出。Top close（顶部关闭）按钮不起作用，但在从菜单操作时退出。

上述答案工作正常，但无法将控制权交还给spyder窗口或python命令行。在spyder中，它也只能运行一次。在退出QT窗口时，添加了从另一个线程看到的更多点，并对此进行了改进

import sys
import matplotlib
# Make sure that we are using QT5
matplotlib.use('Qt5Agg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from PyQt5 import QtWidgets, QtCore
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar
import numpy as np

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QLabel, QGridLayout, QWidget
from PyQt5.QtCore import QSize

class HelloWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self, fig, ax , step = 0.1):


        plt.close("all")
        if not QtWidgets.QApplication.instance():
            self.app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
        else:
            self.app = QtWidgets.QApplication.instance() 

        
        QMainWindow.__init__(self)
 
        self.setMinimumSize(QSize(1500, 100))    
        self.setWindowTitle("Value Plotting") 

        self.step = step
        
        self.widget = QWidget() 
        self.setCentralWidget( self.widget )

        self.widget.setLayout(QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout())
        self.widget.layout().setContentsMargins(0,0,0,0)
        self.widget.layout().setSpacing(0)

        self.fig = fig
        self.ax = ax
        self.canvas = FigureCanvas(self.fig)
        self.canvas.draw()
        self.scroll = QtWidgets.QScrollBar(QtCore.Qt.Horizontal)
        self.step = step
        self.setupSlider()
        self.nav = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self.widget)#        self.widget.layout().addWidget(self.nav)
        self.widget.layout().addWidget(self.canvas)
        self.widget.layout().addWidget(self.scroll)

        menu = self.menuBar().addMenu('Action for quit')
        action = menu.addAction('Quit')
        action.triggered.connect(QtWidgets.QApplication.quit)

        self.canvas.draw()


        
    def setupSlider(self):
        self.lims = np.array(self.ax.get_xlim())
        self.scroll.setPageStep(self.step*100)
        self.scroll.actionTriggered.connect(self.update)
        self.update()

    def update(self, evt=None):
        r = self.scroll.value()/((1+self.step)*100)
        l1 = self.lims[0]+r*np.diff(self.lims)
        l2 = l1 +  np.diff(self.lims)*self.step
        self.ax.set_xlim(l1,l2)
        print(self.scroll.value(), l1,l2)
        self.fig.canvas.draw_idle()

        
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    def run_app(fig,ax):
        app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
        mainWin = HelloWindow(fig,ax)
        mainWin.show()
        app.exec_()


    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
    t = np.linspace(0,3000,101)
    x = np.cumsum(np.random.randn(len(t)))
    ax.plot(t,x, marker="o")

    run_app(fig,ax)

---

发现它在python控制台上运行良好。在Spyder中大致退出。顶部关闭按钮不工作，但在从菜单操作时退出。

这里您正在查看完整的图形画布。看起来你想要的是在不连接画布的情况下创建一个scollbar，而是让它更改绘图的xlimits。谢谢你理解我的问题。你能把你的解释转换成代码吗？在这里你可以看到完整的图形画布。看起来你想要的是在不连接画布的情况下创建一个scollbar，而是让它更改绘图的xlimits。谢谢你理解我的问题。你能用代码解释一下吗？在Windows的Spyder/IPython中，这只工作一次，然后当窗口关闭时终端会锁定：/@endolith抱歉，我缩短了应用程序创建时间太多，应该修复now@ImportanceOfBeingErnestIMHO：代码更具可读性的是：

self.app=qtwidts.QApplication.instance（）

如果self.app为None:

self.app=qtwidts.QApplication（sys.argv）

：-）我得到一个

AttributeError:ScrollableWindow对象在您的示例中没有属性qapp

错误。知道为什么会这样吗？（使用PyQt5版本5.13.0）@MarkLoyman是的，首先不应该有任何

qapp

，我更新了代码。在Windows中的Spyder/IPython中，这只工作一次，然后当窗口关闭时终端锁定：/@endolith抱歉，我缩短了太多的应用程序创建时间，应该是固定的now@ImportanceOfBeingErnestIMHO：更可读的代码是：

self.app=qtwidts.QApplication.instance（）

如果self.app没有：

self.app=qtwidts.QApplication（sys.argv）

：-）我得到一个

AttributeError:ScrollableWindow对象没有属性qapp

错误。知道为什么会这样吗？（使用PyQt5版本5.13.0）@MarkLoyman是的，首先不应该有任何

qapp

，我更新了代码。