Python mypy:如何解决元组混淆

Python mypy:如何解决元组混淆,python,mypy,Python,Mypy,Python 3.6对这个元组示例没有问题: # tpl is a tuple. Each entry consists of a tuple with two entries. The first # of those is a tuple of two strings. The second one is a tuple of tuples with # three strings. tpl = ( (('a', 'b'), (('1', '2', '3'), ('4', '5',

Python 3.6对这个元组示例没有问题:

# tpl is a tuple. Each entry consists of a tuple with two entries. The first
# of those is a tuple of two strings. The second one is a tuple of tuples with
# three strings.

tpl = (
    (('a', 'b'), (('1', '2', '3'), ('4', '5', '6'))),
    (('c', 'd'), (('7', '8', '9'),)),
    )

for first_tuple, second_tuple in tpl:
    str1, str2 = first_tuple
    print(str1, str2)
    for str1, str2, str3 in second_tuple:
        print('   ', str1, str2, str3)
    print()
输出:

a b
    1 2 3
    4 5 6

c d
    7 8 9
但mypy 0.511似乎感到困惑并报告错误:

ttpl.py:13: error: Iterable expected
ttpl.py:13: error: "object" has no attribute "__iter__"; maybe "__str__"?

我能做些什么来帮助mypy了解发生了什么?

mypy默认将元组视为元组,而不是序列(
Tuple[T,…]
)。当您在具有不兼容类型的元组上迭代时,变量的类型被确定为
object

for x in ((1,), (2, 3)):
    reveal_type(x)
    for y in x:
        pass
您可以提供适当的、非常好看的类型提示:

from typing import Tuple

tpl: Tuple[Tuple[Tuple[str, str], Tuple[Tuple[str, str, str], ...]], ...] = (
    (('a', 'b'), (('1', '2', '3'), ('4', '5', '6'))),
    (('c', 'd'), (('7', '8', '9'),)),
)
键入代表真实数据格式的别名可能会有所帮助。

虽然给出了python 3.6的正确答案,也让我了解了发生的情况,但我想指出两种可能性:

如果您仍然必须使用不带PEP 526(变量注释语法)的python版本,您可以这样做:

from typing import Tuple, Iterable

TypeOfData = Iterable[
    Tuple[
        Tuple[str, str],
        Iterable[Tuple[str, str, str]]
        ]
    ]

tpl = (
    (('a', 'b'), (('1', '2', '3'), ('4', '5', '6'))),
    (('c', 'd'), (('7', '8', '9'),)),
    ) # type: TypeOfData

for first_tuple, second_tuple in tpl:
    str1, str2 = first_tuple
    print(str1, str2)
    for str1, str2, str3 in second_tuple:
        print('   ', str1, str2, str3)
    print()][1]
如果您只是想阻止mypy报告错误,也可以这样做:

tpl = (
    (('a', 'b'), (('1', '2', '3'), ('4', '5', '6'))),
    (('c', 'd'), (('7', '8', '9'),)),
    )

for first_tuple, second_tuple in tpl:
    str1, str2 = first_tuple
    print(str1, str2)
    for str1, str2, str3 in second_tuple: # type: ignore
        print('   ', str1, str2, str3)
    print()

忽略和3.6之前的语法实际上并不需要单独的答案,它们已经存在于文档中,并且没有真正添加任何问题。