用python和tkinter实时绘制串行数据

我已经工作了一段时间，想找到一种方法，用Python GUI绘制arduino传入的数据。我能够使用Matplotlib动画函数来读取6个不同的变量，并将其中的4个变量（2个）绘制在一个子地块上，另一个子地块上。这是能够做到足够快，它是图形实时（每秒20个样本）

我现在需要修改系统，以便同时读取12个不同的变量，其中8个是图形化的。一个子图上4个，另一个子图上4个，以每秒20个样本的相同速率。我还没能实现这一点，尝试了一些不同的方法，做了很多研究，但似乎无法用我有限的python知识来解决这个问题。我不太熟悉多处理或多线程，但它们似乎是人们能够加速绘图过程的方式。我知道matplotlib动画函数本身是线程化的，所以我不确定线程化有多大帮助，或者是否有办法读入一个线程并在另一个线程中更新图形。我以arduino支持的最高波特率运行。我还找到了一个例子，在这篇文章中，有人能够得到一个非常高速的绘图，但却无法修改以供我使用：

从arduino接收的数据如下：

整型。整型。整型|整型。整型。整型|整型。整型。整型|整型。整型。整型

其中，管道代表一个新的执行器（im发送的每个变量来自何处）

我对python相当陌生，很抱歉，如果这不是python，那么这里有两个示例： 这是一个使用动画功能的gui：

import Tkinter
import serial
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.animation as animation
from collections import deque
import random

class App:
    def __init__(self, master):

        self.arduinoData = serial.Serial('com5', 250000)#115200)

        frame = Tkinter.Frame(master)

        self.running = False
        self.ani = None

        self.start = Tkinter.LabelFrame(frame, text="Start", borderwidth=10, relief=Tkinter.GROOVE, padx=10, pady=10)
        self.start.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=20, pady=20)

        self.run = Tkinter.Button(self.start, text="RUN", bd=10, height=5, width=10, command=self.getData)
        self.run.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)

        self.stop_frame = Tkinter.LabelFrame(frame, text="STOP", borderwidth=10, relief=Tkinter.GROOVE, padx=10, pady=10 )
        self.stop_frame.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=20, pady=20)

        self.stop = Tkinter.Button(self.stop_frame, text="STOP", bd=10, height=5, width=10, command=self.stopTest)
        self.stop.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)

        self.fig = plt.Figure()
        self.ax1 = self.fig.add_subplot(211)
        self.line0, = self.ax1.plot([], [], lw=2)
        self.line1, = self.ax1.plot([], [], lw=2)
        self.line2, = self.ax1.plot([], [], lw=2)
        self.line3, = self.ax1.plot([], [], lw=2)
        self.ax2 = self.fig.add_subplot(212)
        self.line4, = self.ax2.plot([], [], lw=2)
        self.line5, = self.ax2.plot([], [], lw=2)
        self.line6, = self.ax2.plot([], [], lw=2)
        self.line7, = self.ax2.plot([], [], lw=2)
        self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig,master=master)
        self.canvas.show()
        self.canvas.get_tk_widget().grid(row=0, column=4, padx=20, pady=20)
        frame.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=20, pady=20)

    def getData(self):
        if self.ani is None:
            self.k = 0
            self.arduinoData.flushInput()
            self.arduinoData.write("<L>")
            return self.start()
        else:
            self.arduinoData.write("<L>")
            self.arduinoData.flushInput()
            self.ani.event_source.start()
        self.running = not self.running

    def stopTest(self):
        self.arduinoData.write("<H>")
        if self.running:
            self.ani.event_source.stop()
        self.running = not self.running

    def resetTest(self):
        self.k = 0
        self.xdata = []
        self.pressure1 = []
        self.displacement1 = []
        self.cycle1 = []
        self.pressure2 = []
        self.displacement2 = []
        self.cycle2 = []
        self.pressure3 = []
        self.displacement3 = []
        self.cycle3 = []
        self.pressure4 = []
        self.displacement4 = []
        self.cycle4 = []
        self.line1.set_data(self.xdata, self.ydata1)
        self.line2.set_data(self.xdata, self.ydata2)
        self.ax1.set_ylim(0,1)
        self.ax1.set_xlim(0,1)
        self.ax2.set_ylim(0,1)
        self.ax2.set_xlim(0,1)

    def start(self):
        self.xdata = []
        self.pressure1 = []
        self.displacement1 = []
        self.cycle1 = []
        self.pressure2 = []
        self.displacement2 = []
        self.cycle2 = []
        self.pressure3 = []
        self.displacement3 = []
        self.cycle3 = []
        self.pressure4 = []
        self.displacement4 = []
        self.cycle4 = []
        self.k = 0
        self.arduinoData.flushInput()
        self.ani = animation.FuncAnimation(
            self.fig,
            self.update_graph,
            interval=1,
            repeat=True)
        self.arduinoData.write("<L>")
        self.running = True
        self.ani._start()

    def update_graph(self, i):
        self.xdata.append(self.k)
        while (self.arduinoData.inWaiting()==0):
            pass
        x = self.arduinoData.readline()
        strip_data = x.strip()
        split_data = x.split("|")
        actuator1 = split_data[0].split(".")
        actuator2 = split_data[1].split(".")
        actuator3 = split_data[2].split(".")
        actuator4 = split_data[3].split(".")
        self.pressure1.append(int(actuator1[0]))
        self.displacement1.append(int(actuator1[1]))
        self.cycle1 = int(actuator1[2])
        self.pressure2.append(int(actuator2[0]))
        self.displacement2.append(int(actuator2[1]))
        self.cycle2 = int(actuator2[2])
        self.pressure3.append(int(actuator3[0]))
        self.displacement3.append(int(actuator3[1]))
        self.cycle3 = int(actuator3[2])
        self.pressure4.append(int(actuator4[0]))
        self.displacement4.append(int(actuator4[1]))
        self.cycle4 = int(actuator4[2])
        self.line0.set_data(self.xdata, self.pressure1)
        self.line1.set_data(self.xdata, self.pressure2)
        self.line2.set_data(self.xdata, self.pressure3)
        self.line3.set_data(self.xdata, self.pressure4)
        self.line4.set_data(self.xdata, self.displacement1)
        self.line5.set_data(self.xdata, self.displacement2)
        self.line6.set_data(self.xdata, self.displacement3)
        self.line7.set_data(self.xdata, self.displacement4)
        if self.k < 49:
            self.ax1.set_ylim(min(self.pressure1)-1, max(self.pressure3) + 1)
            self.ax1.set_xlim(0, self.k+1)
            self.ax2.set_ylim(min(self.displacement1)-1, max(self.displacement3) + 1)
            self.ax2.set_xlim(0, self.k+1)
        elif self.k >= 49:
            self.ax1.set_ylim(min(self.pressure1[self.k-49:self.k])-1, max(self.pressure3[self.k-49:self.k]) + 1)
            self.ax1.set_xlim(self.xdata[self.k-49], self.xdata[self.k-1])
            self.ax2.set_ylim(min(self.displacement1[self.k-49:self.k])-1, max(self.displacement3[self.k-49:self.k]) + 1)
            self.ax2.set_xlim(self.xdata[self.k-49], self.xdata[self.k-1])
        self.k += 1




root = Tkinter.Tk()
app = App(root)
root.mainloop()

导入Tkinter
导入序列号
从matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg导入图CAVASTKAGG
从matplotlib.figure导入图形
从matplotlib导入pyplot作为plt
将matplotlib.animation导入为动画
从集合导入deque
随机输入
类应用程序：
定义初始（自我，主）：
self.arduinoData=serial.serial（'com5'，250000）#115200）
帧=Tkinter.frame（主帧）
self.running=False
self.ani=无
self.start=Tkinter.LabelFrame（frame，text=“start”，borderwidth=10，relief=Tkinter.GROOVE，padx=10，pady=10）
self.start.grid（行=0，列=0，padx=20，pady=20）
self.run=Tkinter.Button（self.start，text=“run”，bd=10，高度=5，宽度=10，命令=self.getData）
self.run.grid（行=0，列=0，padx=5，pady=5）
self.stop_frame=Tkinter.LabelFrame（frame，text=“stop”，borderwidth=10，relief=Tkinter.GROOVE，padx=10，pady=10）
自停止框架网格（行=0，列=1，padx=20，pady=20）
self.stop=Tkinter.Button（self.stop\u frame，text=“stop”，bd=10，高度=5，宽度=10，命令=self.stopTest）
self.stop.grid（行=0，列=0，padx=5，pady=5）
self.fig=plt.Figure（）
self.ax1=self.fig.add_子批次（211）
self.line0，=self.ax1.plot（[]，[]，lw=2）
self.line1，=self.ax1.plot（[]，[]，lw=2）
self.line2，=self.ax1.plot（[]，[]，lw=2）
self.line3，=self.ax1.plot（[]，[]，lw=2）
self.ax2=self.fig.add_子批次（212）
self.line4，=self.ax2.plot（[]，[]，lw=2）
self.line5，=self.ax2.plot（[]，[]，lw=2）
self.line6，=self.ax2.plot（[]，[]，lw=2）
self.line7，=self.ax2.plot（[]，[]，lw=2）
self.canvas=FigureCanvasTkAgg（self.fig，master=master）
self.canvas.show（）
self.canvas.get_tk_widget（）.grid（行=0，列=4，padx=20，pady=20）
frame.grid（行=0，列=0，padx=20，pady=20）
def getData（自）：
如果self.ani为无：
self.k=0
self.arduinoData.flushInput（）
self.arduinoData.write（“”）
返回self.start（）
其他：
self.arduinoData.write（“”）
self.arduinoData.flushInput（）
self.ani.event_source.start（）
自运行=不自运行
def停止测试（自）：
self.arduinoData.write（“”）
如果自动运行：
self.ani.event_source.stop（）
自运行=不自运行
def重置测试（自）：
self.k=0
self.xdata=[]
自压力1=[]
自位移1=[]
self.cycle1=[]
自压力2=[]
自位移2=[]
self.cycle2=[]
自压力3=[]
自位移3=[]
self.cycle3=[]
自压力4=[]
自位移4=[]
self.cycle4=[]
self.line1.set_数据（self.xdata、self.ydata1）
self.line2.set_数据（self.xdata、self.ydata2）
self.ax1.set_ylim（0,1）
self.ax1.set_xlim（0,1）
self.ax2.set_ylim（0,1）
self.ax2.set_xlim（0,1）
def启动（自）：
self.xdata=[]
自压力1=[]
自位移1=[]
self.cycle1=[]
自压力2=[]
自位移2=[]
self.cycle2=[]
自压力3=[]
自位移3=[]
self.cycle3=[]
自压力4=[]
自位移4=[]
self.cycle4=[]
self.k=0
self.arduinoData.flushInput（）
self.ani=animation.FuncAnimation(
赛尔夫，
self.update_图，
间隔=1，
重复=真）
self.arduinoData.write（“”）
self.running=True
self.ani.\u start（）
def更新_图（自我，i）：
self.xdata.append（self.k）
while（self.arduinoData.inWaiting（）==0）：
通过
x=self.arduinoData.readline（）
条带数据=x.条带（）
split_data=x.split（“|”）
actuator1=拆分数据[0]。拆分（“.”）
actuator2=拆分数据[1]。拆分（“.”）
actuator3=拆分数据[2]。拆分（“.”）
actuator4=拆分数据[3]。拆分（“.”）
自压力1.append（int（促动器1[0]））
自位移1.ap
import Tkinter
import serial
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.animation as animation
import time

class App:
    def __init__(self, master):

        self.arduinoData = serial.Serial('com5', 250000, timeout=0)

        frame = Tkinter.Frame(master)

        self.go = 0

        self.start = Tkinter.LabelFrame(frame, text="Start", borderwidth=10, relief=Tkinter.GROOVE, padx=10, pady=10)
        self.start.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=20, pady=20)

        self.run = Tkinter.Button(self.start, text="RUN", bd=10, height=5, width=10, command=self.getData)
        self.run.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)

        self.stop_frame = Tkinter.LabelFrame(frame, text="STOP", borderwidth=10, relief=Tkinter.GROOVE, padx=10, pady=10 )
        self.stop_frame.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=20, pady=20)

        self.stop = Tkinter.Button(self.stop_frame, text="STOP", bd=10, height=5, width=10, command=self.stopTest)
        self.stop.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)

        self.fig = plt.Figure()
        self.ax1 = self.fig.add_subplot(211)
        self.line0, = self.ax1.plot([], [], lw=2)
        self.line1, = self.ax1.plot([], [], lw=2)
        self.line2, = self.ax1.plot([], [], lw=2)
        self.line3, = self.ax1.plot([], [], lw=2)
        self.ax2 = self.fig.add_subplot(212)
        self.line4, = self.ax2.plot([], [], lw=2)
        self.line5, = self.ax2.plot([], [], lw=2)
        self.line6, = self.ax2.plot([], [], lw=2)
        self.line7, = self.ax2.plot([], [], lw=2)
        self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig,master=master)
        self.canvas.show()
        self.canvas.get_tk_widget().grid(row=0, column=4, padx=20, pady=20)
        frame.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=20, pady=20)

    def getData(self):
        self.k = 0
        self.xdata = []
        self.pressure1 = []
        self.displacement1 = []
        self.cycle1 = []
        self.pressure2 = []
        self.displacement2 = []
        self.cycle2 = []
        self.pressure3 = []
        self.displacement3 = []
        self.cycle3 = []
        self.pressure4 = []
        self.displacement4 = []
        self.cycle4 = []
        self.arduinoData.flushInput()
        self.go = 1
        self.readData()

    def readData(self):
        if self.go == 1:
            self.xdata.append(self.k)
            while (self.arduinoData.inWaiting()==0):
                pass
            x = self.arduinoData.readline()
            strip_data = x.strip()
            split_data = x.split("|")
            actuator1 = split_data[0].split(".")
            actuator2 = split_data[1].split(".")
            actuator3 = split_data[2].split(".")
            actuator4 = split_data[3].split(".")
            self.pressure1.append(int(actuator1[0]))
            self.displacement1.append(int(actuator1[1]))
            self.cycle1 = int(actuator1[2])
            self.pressure2.append(int(actuator2[0]))
            self.displacement2.append(int(actuator2[1]))
            self.cycle2 = int(actuator2[2])
            self.pressure3.append(int(actuator3[0]))
            self.displacement3.append(int(actuator3[1]))
            self.cycle3 = int(actuator3[2])
            self.pressure4.append(int(actuator4[0]))
            self.displacement4.append(int(actuator4[1]))
            self.cycle4 = int(actuator4[2])
            self.printData()
            root.after(0, self.readData)


    def printData(self):
        print str(self.pressure1[self.k-1]) + " " + 
        str(self.displacement1[self.k-1]) + " " + str(self.cycle1) + " " + 
        str(self.pressure2[self.k-1]) + " " + str(self.displacement2[self.k-
        1]) + " " + str(self.cycle2) + " " + str(self.pressure3[self.k-1]) + 
        " " + str(self.displacement3[self.k-1]) + " " + str(self.cycle3) + " 
        " + str(self.pressure4[self.k-1]) + " " + 
        str(self.displacement4[self.k-1]) + " " + str(self.cycle4)

    def stopTest(self):
        self.arduinoData.write("<H>")
        self.go = 0


    def resetTest(self):
        self.k = 0
        self.xdata = []
        self.pressure1 = []
        self.displacement1 = []
        self.cycle1 = []
        self.pressure2 = []
        self.displacement2 = []
        self.cycle2 = []
        self.pressure3 = []
        self.displacement3 = []
        self.cycle3 = []
        self.pressure4 = []
        self.displacement4 = []
        self.cycle4 = []
        self.line1.set_data(self.xdata, self.ydata1)
        self.line2.set_data(self.xdata, self.ydata2)
        self.ax1.set_ylim(0,1)
        self.ax1.set_xlim(0,1)
        self.ax2.set_ylim(0,1)
        self.ax2.set_xlim(0,1)

    def start(self):
        self.xdata = []
        self.pressure1 = []
        self.displacement1 = []
        self.cycle1 = []
        self.pressure2 = []
        self.displacement2 = []
        self.cycle2 = []
        self.pressure3 = []
        self.displacement3 = []
        self.cycle3 = []
        self.pressure4 = []
        self.displacement4 = []
        self.cycle4 = []
        self.k = 0
        self.arduinoData.write("<L>")

root = Tkinter.Tk()
app = App(root)
root.mainloop()

int analog0 = 0;
int analog1 = 1;
int analog2 = 2;

int sensor0;
int sensor1;
int sensor2;

String pot0;
String pot1;
String Force;

int pot0holder;
int pot1holder;
String Forceholder;

unsigned long i = 0;
String Is;

int val = 0;

boolean Sensordata = false;
int cycles;

const byte numChars = 32;
char receivedChars[numChars];
boolean newData = false;

unsigned long CurrentMillis = 0;
unsigned long PrintMillis = 0;
int PrintValMillis = 50;
unsigned long SensorMillis = 0;
int SensorValMillis = 0;

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:
  Serial.begin(250000);
}

void loop()
{
  CurrentMillis = millis();
  recvWithStartEndMarkers();
  commands();
  sensordata();
}

void sensordata()
{
  if (CurrentMillis - SensorMillis >= SensorValMillis)
  {
    sensor0 = analogRead(analog0);
    pot0holder = sensor0;
    sensor1 = analogRead(analog1);
    pot1holder = sensor1;
    i += 1;
    String potcolumn = String(pot0holder) + "." + String(pot1holder) + "." +  String(i) + "|" + String(int(pot0holder)+30) + "." + String(int(pot1holder)+30) + "." +  String(i) + "|" + String(int(pot0holder)+60) + "." + String(int(pot1holder)+60) + "." +  String(i) + "|" + String(int(pot0holder)+90) + "." + String(int(pot1holder)+90) + "." +  String(i);
    Serial.println(potcolumn);
    SensorMillis += SensorValMillis;
   }
}

void recvWithStartEndMarkers()
{
    static boolean recvInProgress = false; //creates variable visible to only one function with boolean
    static byte ndx = 0;
    char startMarker = '<'; //sets begin condition
    char endMarker = '>'; //sets end condition
    char rc; //sets variable type to char

    while (Serial.available() > 0 && newData == false) {
        rc = Serial.read(); //sets rc equal to serial value

        if (recvInProgress == true) {
            if (rc != endMarker) {
                receivedChars[ndx] = rc;
                ndx++;
                if (ndx >= numChars) {
                    ndx = numChars - 1;
                }
            }
            else {
                receivedChars[ndx] = '\0'; // terminate the string
                recvInProgress = false;
                ndx = 0;
                newData = true;
            }
        }
        else if (rc == startMarker) {
            recvInProgress = true;
        }
    }
}

void commands()
{
  if (newData == true)
  {
    if (receivedChars[0] == 'T')
    {
      PrintValMillis = atoi(&receivedChars[1]); //atoi -> Converting strings to integer
    }
    else if (receivedChars[0] == 'S')
    {
      cycles = atoi(&receivedChars[1]);
      i = 0;
    }
        else if (receivedChars[0] == 'L')
    {
      val = atoi(&receivedChars[1]);
      i = 0;
    }
  }
  newData = false;
}

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.animation as animation
import multiprocessing as mp
import time


# global variables
fig = plt.figure(1)
# first sub-plot
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(211)
line1, = ax1.plot([], [], lw=2)
ax1.grid()
xdata1, ydata1 = [], []
# second sub-plot
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(212)
line2, = ax2.plot([], [], lw=2)
ax2.grid()
xdata2, ydata2 = [], []

# the multiprocessing queue
q = mp.Queue()

# data generator in separate process
# here would be your arduino data reader
def dataGen(output):
    for x in range(50):
        output.put((x, np.sin(x)))

# update first subplot
def update1(data):
    # update the data
    t, y = data
    xdata1.append(t)
    ydata1.append(y)
    xmin, xmax = ax1.get_xlim()
    ymin, ymax = ax1.get_ylim()

    if t >= xmax:
        ax1.set_xlim(xmin, 2*xmax)
    if y >= ymax:
        ax1.set_ylim(ymin, 2*ymax)
    if y <= ymin:
        ax1.set_ylim(2*ymin, ymax)
    line1.set_data(xdata1, ydata1)

    return line1,

# update second subplot
def update2(data):
    # update the data
    t, y = data
    xdata2.append(t)
    ydata2.append(y)
    xmin, xmax = ax2.get_xlim()
    ymin, ymax = ax2.get_ylim()

    if t >= xmax:
        ax2.set_xlim(xmin, 2*xmax)
    if y >= ymax:
        ax2.set_ylim(ymin, 2*ymax)
    if y <= ymin:
        ax2.set_ylim(2*ymin, ymax) 
    line2.set_data(xdata2, ydata2)

    return line2,

# called at each drawing frame
def run(data):
    # get data from queue, which is filled in separate process, blocks until
    # data is available
    data = q.get(block=True, timeout=.5)
    # put here your variable separation
    data1 = (2*data[0], 3*data[1])
    data2 = (data[0], data[1])
    #provide the data to the plots
    a = update1(data1)
    b = update2(data2)
    fig.canvas.draw()
    return a+b

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # count of reader processes
    n_proc = 1
    # setup workers
    pool = [mp.Process(target=dataGen, args=(q,)) for x in range(n_proc)]
    for p in pool:
        p.daemon = True
        p.start()

    # wait a few sec for the process to become alive
    time.sleep(3)

    # start your drawing
    ani = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, run, frames=60, blit=True, interval=10,
                                  repeat=False)
    plt.show()

    print('done')