Python 使用select获取td文本

我试图获得链接的几率，但我得到了一个错误。你知道我做错了什么吗

多谢各位

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as bs

url = 'https://www.oddsportal.com/soccer/spain/laliga'
r = requests.get(url, headers = {'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0'})
soup = bs(r.content, 'lxml')

##print([a.text for a in soup.select('#tournamentTable tr[xeid] [href*=soccer]')])

print([b.text for b in soup.select('#tournamentTable td[xodd]')])

我希望得到10行3列，每奇数一行。 但是，我有以下错误

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/.py", line 14, in <module>
    print([b.text for b in soup.select('#tournamentTable td[xodd]')])
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/bs4/element.py", line 1376, in select
    return soupsieve.select(selector, self, namespaces, limit, **kwargs)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/soupsieve/__init__.py", line 114, in select
    return compile(select, namespaces, flags, **kwargs).select(tag, limit)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/soupsieve/__init__.py", line 63, in compile
    return cp._cached_css_compile(pattern, namespaces, custom, flags)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/soupsieve/css_parser.py", line 214, in _cached_css_compile
    CSSParser(pattern, custom=custom_selectors, flags=flags).process_selectors(),
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/soupsieve/css_parser.py", line 1113, in process_selectors
    return self.parse_selectors(self.selector_iter(self.pattern), index, flags)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/soupsieve/css_parser.py", line 946, in parse_selectors
    key, m = next(iselector)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/soupsieve/css_parser.py", line 1100, in selector_iter
    raise SelectorSyntaxError(msg, self.pattern, index)
  File "<string>", line None
soupsieve.util.SelectorSyntaxError: Invalid character '\x1b' position 17
  line 1:
#tournamentTable td[xodd]
                 ^
...

---

看起来您在tournamentTable和td[xodd]之间有错误的字符。它可能看起来像空格，但有\x1b代码。您可以尝试删除此字符并再次放入空格

我可以运行您的代码而不会出现此错误。但是这个页面使用JavaScript来获取数据，而BS不能运行JavaScript。您可能需要Selenium来控制web浏览器，该浏览器可以运行JavaScript，并且可以获取包含数据的HTML

或者，您可以使用Chrome/Firefox中的DevTool检查JavaScript是否从某个url读取数据，以及是否从同一url读取数据

我找到了url

https://fb.oddsportal.com/ajax-sport-country-tournament/1/YLO7JZEA/X0/1/?_=1558215347943

最后一部分是时间戳为*1000的当前日期

import datetime

print(datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(1558215347943/1000)) 

# 2019-05-18 23:35:47.943000

dt = datetime.datetime.now()
print(int(dt.timestamp()*1000))

# 1558216525573

使用requests.Session和更好的标题，我可以从这个url读取。它以JavaScript代码的形式提供数据，但在剪切了某些部分后，我得到了JSON格式的数据，可以将其转换为Python字典

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as bs
import json

s = requests.Session()

headers = {
    'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:68.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/68.0'
}

url = 'https://www.oddsportal.com/soccer/spain/laliga'
r = s.get(url, headers=headers)

soup = bs(r.content, 'lxml')
print(r.text.find('xodd'))
print([b.text for b in soup.select('#tournamentTable td[xodd]')])

headers = {
    'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:68.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/68.0',
    'Referer': 'https://www.oddsportal.com/soccer/spain/laliga/',
}

r = s.get('https://fb.oddsportal.com/ajax-sport-country-tournament/1/YLO7JZEA/X0/1/?_=1558215347943', headers=headers)
text = r.text[len("globals.jsonpCallback('/ajax-sport-country-tournament/1/YLO7JZEA/X0/1/', "):-2]

data = json.loads(text)
for key, val in data['d']['oddsData'].items():
    print('xeid:', key)
    print('xoid:', val['odds'][0]['oid'], 'avg:', val['odds'][0]['avg'])
    print('xoid:', val['odds'][0]['oid'], 'avg:', val['odds'][1]['avg'])
    print('xoid:', val['odds'][0]['oid'], 'avg:', val['odds'][2]['avg'])
    print('---')

结果:

xeid: ltB92yKu
xoid: 35vjqxv464x0x7qrck avg: 2.16
xoid: 35vjqxv464x0x7qrck avg: 3.5
xoid: 35vjqxv464x0x7qrck avg: 3.44
---
xeid: SW9D1eZo
xoid: 35vjrxv464x0x7qrcm avg: 1.33
xoid: 35vjrxv464x0x7qrcm avg: 5.71
xoid: 35vjrxv464x0x7qrcm avg: 8.83
---
xeid: Mg9H0Flh
xoid: 35vjsxv464x0x7qrco avg: 1.99
xoid: 35vjsxv464x0x7qrco avg: 3.79
xoid: 35vjsxv464x0x7qrco avg: 3.68
---
xeid: zcDLaZ3b
xoid: 35vjtxv464x0x7qrcq avg: 1.57
xoid: 35vjtxv464x0x7qrcq avg: 4.38
xoid: 35vjtxv464x0x7qrcq avg: 5.95
---

['4.26', '4.07', '1.80', '1.99', '3.79', '3.68', '1.57', '4.38', '5.95', '2.13', '3.19', '3.94', '7.82', '5.00', '1.41', '2.16', '3.50', '3.44', '1.33', '5.71', '8.83', '2.58', '3.52', '2.73', '1.49', '5.31', '5.66', '4.03', '4.21', '1.82']

编辑：使用Selenium

import selenium.webdriver

url = 'https://www.oddsportal.com/soccer/spain/laliga'

driver = selenium.webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get(url)

items = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector("#tournamentTable td[xodd]")

print([x.text for x in items])

结果:

xeid: ltB92yKu
xoid: 35vjqxv464x0x7qrck avg: 2.16
xoid: 35vjqxv464x0x7qrck avg: 3.5
xoid: 35vjqxv464x0x7qrck avg: 3.44
---
xeid: SW9D1eZo
xoid: 35vjrxv464x0x7qrcm avg: 1.33
xoid: 35vjrxv464x0x7qrcm avg: 5.71
xoid: 35vjrxv464x0x7qrcm avg: 8.83
---
xeid: Mg9H0Flh
xoid: 35vjsxv464x0x7qrco avg: 1.99
xoid: 35vjsxv464x0x7qrco avg: 3.79
xoid: 35vjsxv464x0x7qrco avg: 3.68
---
xeid: zcDLaZ3b
xoid: 35vjtxv464x0x7qrcq avg: 1.57
xoid: 35vjtxv464x0x7qrcq avg: 4.38
xoid: 35vjtxv464x0x7qrcq avg: 5.95
---

['4.26', '4.07', '1.80', '1.99', '3.79', '3.68', '1.57', '4.38', '5.95', '2.13', '3.19', '3.94', '7.82', '5.00', '1.41', '2.16', '3.50', '3.44', '1.33', '5.71', '8.83', '2.58', '3.52', '2.73', '1.49', '5.31', '5.66', '4.03', '4.21', '1.82']

---

完成…………看起来您在tournamentTable和td[xodd]之间有错误的字符。它可能看起来像空格，但有\x1b代码。您可以尝试删除此字符并再次放入空格。我可以运行代码而不会出错-但页面使用JavaScript来放入数据td[xodd]，而BS无法运行JavaScript，因此代码无法获取此数据。您将需要Selenium来控制可以运行JavaScript的web浏览器。我如何使用Selenium实现这一点？有关如何在开发工具中找到url的文档？？谢谢，我在Firefox中打开了DevTool，进入tab网络，加载了页面，看到了从浏览器到服务器的所有请求。只有选择XHR AJAX和/或JS的选项。我选择了两者，并开始检查所有请求的响应——这个url似乎更有趣，所以我检查了是否有表中的值——即4.26