Python 如何更改按钮的颜色+；输入状态更改时更改输出状态

为了上学，我和特金特做了一个图形用户界面。现在我遇到了一个问题，我必须从GPIO端口扩展器（MCP2308）读取输入并使用该输入：

改变按钮的颜色

更改输出的状态

这听起来可能相当简单（一开始它对我来说太简单了），但当某些东西在不同的“def”函数中时，它对我来说太难了

这是我的代码设置：

from tkinter import *
import PIL as p
import PIL.ImageTk as ptk
import smbus
import time

#adafruit
import board
import busio
from digitalio import Direction
from adafruit_mcp230xx.mcp23008 import MCP23008
i2c = busio.I2C(board.SCL, board.SDA)
mcp = MCP23008(i2c,address=0x21)
import digitalio

#setup i²c chips
bus = smbus.SMBus(1)
#MCP23017
DEVICE = 0x20 #Device address (A0-A2)
IODIRA = 0x00 #pin direction register
IODIRB = 0x00
OLATA  = 0x14 #register for outputs.
OLATB  = 0x15
GPIOA  = 0x12 #register for inputs
GPIOB  = 0x13

#set all GPA pins as outputs by setting
#all bits of IODIRA register to 0
bus.write_byte_data(DEVICE,IODIRA,0x00)

#set output all 7 output bits to 0
bus.write_byte_data(DEVICE,OLATA,0)

#set all GPA pins as outputs by setting
#all bits of IODIRB register to 0
bus.write_byte_data(DEVICE,IODIRB,0x00)

#set output all 7 output bits to 0
bus.write_byte_data(DEVICE,OLATB,0)

#MCP23008
DEVICE2 = 0x21
IODIR   = 0x00
GPIO    = 0x09

#set all GPA pins as inputs by setting
#all bits of IODIRA register to 1
bus.write_byte_data(DEVICE2,IODIR,0xFF)

#all pins on mcp23008 are inputs
pin0 = mcp.get_pin(0)
pin0.direction = digitalio.Direction.INPUT



global alpha
alpha = 0

#variables for 'relais' windwow
global ledstate1
ledstate1 = 0
global ledstate2
ledstate2 = 0
global ledstate3
ledstate3 = 0

然后我做我的窗户和窗框

#make mainwindow
mainwindow=Tk()
mainframe=Frame(mainwindow,bg='linen')
mainframe.pack(fill='both', expand=True)
mainwindow.geometry('800x480')
mainwindow.resizable(False,False)
mainwindow.attributes('-fullscreen',True)

#make frame
menu=Frame(mainframe,bg='linen',highlightbackground="black",highlightthickness=2)
menu.pack(side='top',fill='x')

这是我打开第二个窗口的“大”def函数

#this is a def function where i open a second window with 9 buttons for my 9 outputs
def open_relais():
    #window aanmaken
    win = Toplevel(bg='linen')          
    win.title('first window')
    win.geometry('800x480')
    win.resizable(False,False)
    win.attributes('-fullscreen',True)
    #frame maken
    relais = Frame(win,bg='linen')
    relais.pack()                       # put the frame at the top of the window
    #labels onderdelen aanmaken
    #welk onderdeel
    Label14=Label(relais, text='3 Fasen',bg='white',fg='black',borderwidth=2,relief='solid',font=('Helvetica',19,'bold'),padx=12,pady=5)
    Label15=Label(relais, text='1 Fase + aarding',bg='white',fg='black',borderwidth=2,relief='solid',font=('Helvetica',19,'bold'),padx=12,pady=5)
    Label16=Label(relais, text='1 Fase geïsoleerd',bg='white',fg='black',borderwidth=2,relief='solid',font=('Helvetica',19,'bold'),padx=12,pady=5)

    Label14.grid(column=1,row=0,padx=20,pady=15,sticky='new')
    Label15.grid(column=1,row=2,padx=20,pady=15,sticky='new')
    Label16.grid(column=1,row=4,padx=20,pady=15,sticky='new')
   
    #button 1 , together with Stop_bus_3F_1(Stop_bus_3F)
    Stop_bus_3F = Button(relais,text='Stopcontact + Bussen',command=lambda: Stop_bus_3F_1(Stop_bus_3F),fg='black',padx=10,pady=10)
    Stop_bus_3F.grid(column=1,row=1,padx=20,pady=12)
    Stop_bus_3F.config(bg="green" if ledstate1 else "red")
    #button 2 , together with Stop_3F_1(Stop_3F)
    Stop_3F = Button(relais,text='Stopcontact',command=lambda: Stop_3F_1(Stop_3F),fg='black',padx=10,pady=10)
    Stop_3F.grid(column=0,row=1,padx=20,pady=12)
    Stop_3F.config(bg="green" if ledstate2 else "red")
    #button 3, together with Bus_3F_1(Bus_3F)
    Bus_3F = Button(relais,text='Bussen',command=lambda: Bus_3F_1(Bus_3F),fg='black',padx=10,pady=10)
    Bus_3F.grid(column=2,row=1,padx=20,pady=12)
    Bus_3F.config(bg="green" if ledstate3 else "red")

    #close button second window
    close_button = Button(relais, text='close window', command=win.destroy).grid(column=1,row=6,padx=20,pady=15)

然后我使用def功能打开/关闭LED

# this are the def functions too turn the outputs on/off without changing other outputs
# 3FASE
def Stop_bus_3F_1(Stop_bus_3F):
    if ledstate2 == 0:                  
        if ledstate3 == 0:              
            global ledstate1
            global alpha
            ledstate1 = 1 - ledstate1
            if ledstate1 == 1:          
                alpha = alpha | 1            
            else:
                alpha = alpha & 254            
            print(alpha)
            Stop_bus_3F.config(bg="green" if ledstate1 else "red")
            bus.write_byte_data(DEVICE,OLATA,alpha)
def Stop_3F_1(Stop_3F):
    if ledstate1 == 0:
        if ledstate3 == 0:
            global ledstate2
            global alpha
            ledstate2 = 1 - ledstate2
            if ledstate2 == 1:          
                alpha = alpha | 2                
            else:
                alpha = alpha & 253
            print(alpha)
            Stop_3F.config(bg="green" if ledstate2 else "red")
            bus.write_byte_data(DEVICE,OLATA,alpha)
def Bus_3F_1(Bus_3F):
    if ledstate1 == 0:
        if ledstate2 == 0:
            global ledstate3
            global alpha
            ledstate3 = 1 - ledstate3
            if ledstate3 == 1:          
                alpha = alpha | 4      
            else:
                alpha = alpha & 251
            print(alpha)
            Bus_3F.config(bg="green" if ledstate3 else "red")
            bus.write_byte_data(DEVICE,OLATA,alpha)

然后在这里我为我的一个输入投票，一个现在。 当引脚0的值为false（=按下实际按钮）时，应该会发生这种情况。 应该发生的是，“停止总线”按钮的颜色应该改变，其他按钮应该关闭。此外，还应打开/关闭“Stop_bus_3F”按钮控制的led

#pollen for inputs
def poll_for_data():
    if pin0.value == False:         # 3Fasen knop
        #something has to happen here probably
        print('button pressed')
    mainwindow.after(10, poll_for_data)

最后是一些带有按钮的剩余代码

#button for second window
button1=Button(menu,text='Bedieningspaneel',command=open_relais,bg='grey89',fg='black',padx=10,pady=10)
button1.grid(row=0,column=1,padx=36,pady=15,sticky='nsew')

#button too close mainwindow
button4=Button(menu,text='     close     ',command=mainwindow.destroy,bg='grey89',fg='black',padx=10,pady=10)
button4.grid(row=0,column=3,padx=36,pady=15,sticky='e')

#start the poll for the input
mainwindow.after(300, poll_for_data)
mainwindow.mainloop()

---

我知道我的要求很高，但我已经试了几个小时了，但还是不能成功

你能把你的代码缩减到一个新的版本吗？这也会有很大帮助。如果你能把你的问题缩小一点。据我所知，您的问题是更改按钮的颜色并模拟同时按下按钮，对吗？您可以使用

.config（bg='color'）

重新配置某个小部件的背景颜色，在本例中为按钮。要按下按钮，可以使用

.invoke（）

，这也会触发回调