如何修复此python错误；全球名称'；创建问题'；“未定义”；

我正在学习Django测试教程。Pycharm正在test.py中的代码中抛出错误

create_question 

在

QuestionViewTests(TestCase) 

及

内部

QuestionMethodTests(TestCase)

课堂工作。我已经打字、复印和粘贴了，但仍然不起作用。我还尝试了文件>使缓存无效。。。但这也没用。我也对课程感到困惑

 QuestionViewTests(TestCase)

及

他们是否在上面列出的第一类中

QuestionMethodTests(TestCase) 

因为我看不出它在网站上的样子。我把他们两个都搬了进来，也搬了出去，但两种方式都不起作用。欢迎提出任何建议

我的代码

    import datetime

    from django.utils import timezone
    from django.test import TestCase
    from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
    from .models import Question


    class QuestionMethodTests(TestCase):

        def test_was_published_recently_with_future_question(self):
            """
            was_published_recently() should return False for questions whose
            pub_date is in the future.
            """
            time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
            future_question = Question(pub_date=time)
            self.assertEqual(future_question.was_published_recently(), False)

        def test_was_published_recently_with_old_question(self):
            """
            was_published_recently() should return False for questions whose
            pub_date is older than 1 day.
            """
            time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=30)
            old_question = Question(pub_date=time)
            self.assertEqual(old_question.was_published_recently(), False)

        def test_was_published_recently_with_recent_question(self):
            """
            was_published_recently() should return True for questions whose
            pub_date is within the last day.
            """
            time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(hours=1)
            recent_question = Question(pub_date=time)
            self.assertEqual(recent_question.was_published_recently(), True)

        def create_question(question_text, days):
            """
            Creates a question with the given `question_text` and published the
            given number of `days` offset to now (negative for questions published
            in the past, positive for questions that have yet to be published).
            """
            time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=days)
            return Question.objects.create(question_text=question_text, pub_date=time)


    class QuestionViewTests(TestCase):
        def test_index_view_with_no_questions(self):
            """
            If no questions exist, an appropriate message should be displayed.
            """
            response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
            self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.")
            self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_question_list'], [])

        def test_index_view_with_a_past_question(self):
            """
            Questions with a pub_date in the past should be displayed on the
            index page.
            """
            create_question(question_text="Past question.", days=-30)
            response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
            self.assertQuerysetEqual(
                response.context['latest_question_list'],
                ['<Question: Past question.>']
            )

        def test_index_view_with_a_future_question(self):
            """
            Questions with a pub_date in the future should not be displayed on
            the index page.
            """
            create_question(question_text="Future question.", days=30)
            response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
            self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.", status_code=200)
            self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_question_list'], [])

        def test_index_view_with_future_question_and_past_question(self):
            """
            Even if both past and future questions exist, only past questions
            should be displayed.
            """
            create_question(question_text="Past question.", days=-30)
            create_question(question_text="Future question.", days=30)
            response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
            self.assertQuerysetEqual(
                response.context['latest_question_list'],
                ['<Question: Past question.>']
            )

        def test_index_view_with_two_past_questions(self):
            """
            The questions index page may display multiple questions.
            """
            create_question(question_text="Past question 1.", days=-30)
            create_question(question_text="Past question 2.", days=-5)
            response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
            self.assertQuerysetEqual(
                response.context['latest_question_list'],
                ['<Question: Past question 2.>', '<Question: Past question 1.>']
            )

    class QuestionIndexDetailTests(TestCase):
        def test_detail_view_with_a_future_question(self):
            """
            The detail view of a question with a pub_date in the future should
            return a 404 not found.
            """
            future_question = create_question(question_text='Future question.',
                                              days=5)
            response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:detail',
                                       args=(future_question.id,)))
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)

        def test_detail_view_with_a_past_question(self):
            """
            The detail view of a question with a pub_date in the past should
            display the question's text.
            """
            past_question = create_question(question_text='Past Question.',
                                            days=-5)
            response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:detail',
                                       args=(past_question.id,)))
            self.assertContains(response, past_question.question_text,
                                status_code=200)

导入日期时间
从django.utils导入时区
从django.test导入TestCase
从django.core.urlResolver反向导入
模型导入问题
类QuestionMethodTests（测试用例）：
def测试最近发布，带有未来问题（自我）：
"""
was_published_recently（）对于以下问题应返回False
酒吧的日期是在未来。
"""
time=timezone.now（）+datetime.timedelta（天=30）
未来问题=问题（发布日期=时间）
self.assertEqual（future\u question.was\u published\u recently（），False）
def测试最近发布，带有旧问题（自我）：
"""
was_published_recently（）对于以下问题应返回False
发布日期早于1天。
"""
time=timezone.now（）-datetime.timedelta（天=30）
旧问题=问题（发布日期=时间）
self.assertEqual（旧问题.最近发布了吗（），False）
def测试是最近发布的，带有最近的问题（自我）：
"""
was_published_recently（）对于以下问题应返回True
发布日期在最后一天之内。
"""
time=timezone.now（）-datetime.timedelta（小时=1）
最近的问题=问题（发布日期=时间）
self.assertEqual（最近发布的问题，最近发布了吗（），True）
def创建问题（问题文本，天数）：
"""
使用给定的“问题”文本创建问题并发布
给定到现在的“天数”偏移量（对于已发布的问题为负值
过去，对于尚未公布的问题，这是积极的）。
"""
time=timezone.now（）+datetime.timedelta（天=天）
返回Question.objects.create（Question\u text=Question\u text，pub\u date=time）
类问题视图测试（TestCase）：
def测试索引视图，无问题（自我）：
"""
如果不存在任何问题，则应显示相应的消息。
"""
response=self.client.get（反向（'polls:index'））
self.assertEqual（response.status_代码，200）
self.assertContains（响应，“没有可用的轮询”）
self.assertquerystequal（response.context['latest\u question\u list']，[]）
def test_index_view_与过去问题（自我）：
"""
发布日期在过去的问题应显示在
索引页。
"""
创建问题（问题文本=“过去的问题”，天数=-30）
response=self.client.get（反向（'polls:index'））
self.assertquerystequal(
响应.上下文[“最新问题列表”]，
['']
)
def test_index_view_与未来问题（自我）：
"""
带有未来发布日期的问题不应显示在屏幕上
索引页。
"""
创建问题（问题文本=“未来问题”，天数=30）
response=self.client.get（反向（'polls:index'））
self.assertContains（响应，“没有可用的轮询”，状态代码=200）
self.assertquerystequal（response.context['latest\u question\u list']，[]）
def test_index_view_与未来问题和过去问题（自我）：
"""
即使过去和未来的问题都存在，也只有过去的问题
应该显示。
"""
创建问题（问题文本=“过去的问题”，天数=-30）
创建问题（问题文本=“未来问题”，天数=30）
response=self.client.get（反向（'polls:index'））
self.assertquerystequal(
响应.上下文[“最新问题列表”]，
['']
)
def test_index_view_与两个过去的问题（自我）：
"""
“问题索引”页面可能会显示多个问题。
"""
创建问题（问题文本=“过去的问题1.”，天数=-30）
创建问题（问题文本=“过去的问题2.”，天数=-5）
response=self.client.get（反向（'polls:index'））
self.assertquerystequal(
响应.上下文[“最新问题列表”]，
['', '']
)
类问题详细测试（测试用例）：
def测试\详细信息\查看\未来\问题（自我）：
"""
未来发布日期问题的详细视图应为
返回未找到的404。
"""
未来问题=创建问题（问题文本=“未来问题”，
天数=5天）
response=self.client.get（反向（'polls:detail'），
args=（future_question.id，））
self.assertEqual（response.status_代码，404）
def test_detail_view_与过去问题（自我）：
"""
发布日期在过去的问题的详细视图应
显示问题的文本。
"""
过去的问题=创建问题（问题文本=过去的问题
QuestionMethodTests(TestCase) 

    import datetime

    from django.utils import timezone
    from django.test import TestCase
    from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
    from .models import Question


    class QuestionMethodTests(TestCase):

        def test_was_published_recently_with_future_question(self):
            """
            was_published_recently() should return False for questions whose
            pub_date is in the future.
            """
            time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
            future_question = Question(pub_date=time)
            self.assertEqual(future_question.was_published_recently(), False)

        def test_was_published_recently_with_old_question(self):
            """
            was_published_recently() should return False for questions whose
            pub_date is older than 1 day.
            """
            time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=30)
            old_question = Question(pub_date=time)
            self.assertEqual(old_question.was_published_recently(), False)

        def test_was_published_recently_with_recent_question(self):
            """
            was_published_recently() should return True for questions whose
            pub_date is within the last day.
            """
            time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(hours=1)
            recent_question = Question(pub_date=time)
            self.assertEqual(recent_question.was_published_recently(), True)

        def create_question(question_text, days):
            """
            Creates a question with the given `question_text` and published the
            given number of `days` offset to now (negative for questions published
            in the past, positive for questions that have yet to be published).
            """
            time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=days)
            return Question.objects.create(question_text=question_text, pub_date=time)


    class QuestionViewTests(TestCase):
        def test_index_view_with_no_questions(self):
            """
            If no questions exist, an appropriate message should be displayed.
            """
            response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
            self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.")
            self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_question_list'], [])

        def test_index_view_with_a_past_question(self):
            """
            Questions with a pub_date in the past should be displayed on the
            index page.
            """
            create_question(question_text="Past question.", days=-30)
            response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
            self.assertQuerysetEqual(
                response.context['latest_question_list'],
                ['<Question: Past question.>']
            )

        def test_index_view_with_a_future_question(self):
            """
            Questions with a pub_date in the future should not be displayed on
            the index page.
            """
            create_question(question_text="Future question.", days=30)
            response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
            self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.", status_code=200)
            self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_question_list'], [])

        def test_index_view_with_future_question_and_past_question(self):
            """
            Even if both past and future questions exist, only past questions
            should be displayed.
            """
            create_question(question_text="Past question.", days=-30)
            create_question(question_text="Future question.", days=30)
            response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
            self.assertQuerysetEqual(
                response.context['latest_question_list'],
                ['<Question: Past question.>']
            )

        def test_index_view_with_two_past_questions(self):
            """
            The questions index page may display multiple questions.
            """
            create_question(question_text="Past question 1.", days=-30)
            create_question(question_text="Past question 2.", days=-5)
            response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
            self.assertQuerysetEqual(
                response.context['latest_question_list'],
                ['<Question: Past question 2.>', '<Question: Past question 1.>']
            )

    class QuestionIndexDetailTests(TestCase):
        def test_detail_view_with_a_future_question(self):
            """
            The detail view of a question with a pub_date in the future should
            return a 404 not found.
            """
            future_question = create_question(question_text='Future question.',
                                              days=5)
            response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:detail',
                                       args=(future_question.id,)))
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)

        def test_detail_view_with_a_past_question(self):
            """
            The detail view of a question with a pub_date in the past should
            display the question's text.
            """
            past_question = create_question(question_text='Past Question.',
                                            days=-5)
            response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:detail',
                                       args=(past_question.id,)))
            self.assertContains(response, past_question.question_text,
                                status_code=200)

class Foo:
    ...

    def create_question(x):
       ...

create_question(3)

class Foo:
    ...

def create_question(x):
    ...

create_question(3)