Python 如何检查绑定方法是否与未绑定方法相同

我想检查（在测试中）object的方法是否与给定类的方法相同

class Cls:
    def foo(self):
        pass

obj = Cls()
assert obj.foo == Cls.foo  # assert will fail

如果绑定方法与unbound方法相同（除了“boundness”之外），那么可以使用哪个操作代替

obj.foo==Cls.foo

来生成

True

>>> class Cls:
...     def foo(self):
...         pass
... 
>>> obj = Cls()
>>> obj.foo
<bound method Cls.foo of <__main__.Cls object at 0x101d8f588>>
>>> dir(obj.foo)
['__call__', '__class__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__func__', '__ge__', '__get__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__self__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__']
>>> obj.foo.__func__
<function Cls.foo at 0x101d92400>
>>> obj.foo.__func__ is Cls.foo
True

>>类别Cls：
...     def foo（self）：
...         通过
... 
>>>obj=Cls（）
>>>obj.foo
>>>主任（对象府）
“UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU"新","新","减少","减少","减少","报告","自我","设置属性","大小","结构","子类"
>>>目标函数__
>>>对象foo.\uuu func\uuuu是Cls.foo
真的

查看对象的

dir（）

是探索和查找潜在有用属性的简单方法。

在Python 2.7.x上：

>>> Cls.foo.__func__ is obj.foo.__func__
True

将和合并到一个对两个版本都有效的：

class Cls:
    def foo(self):
        pass

obj = Cls()
assert getattr(Cls.foo, '__func__', Cls.foo) is obj.foo.__func__

---

那么

id（Cls.foo）=id（obj.foo）#返回true

呢？虽然这是一个好问题（因为潜在的答案会教给我们关于语言的有价值的见解），但在测试中断言这一点通常可能是一个坏主意，并且表明您正在测试实现的内部，而不是其行为。（当然，这取决于具体的上下文。如果你正在测试你自己的ORM，它利用反射，这样的测试是有意义的。）这是我的应用程序中参数解析的测试（使用子parser），我想确保

args.command

是给定子parser的“the”命令（每个子parser是一个单独的类）。我的实际测试代码片段：

assert args.command.\uu func\uu==commands.TransferCommand.command.\uu func\uu

在Python2.7.x上不起作用-

Cls.foo

是未绑定的方法，而不是

Cls.\uu dict\uu[“foo”]

对象。