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检查Python中的类型_Python - Fatal编程技术网

检查Python中的类型

检查Python中的类型,python,Python,我目前正在学习我的第一门Python课程,并得到了以下练习: # THREE GOLD STARS # Sudoku [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudoku] # is a logic puzzle where a game # is defined by a partially filled # 9 x 9 square of digits where each square # contains one of the digits 1,2,3,4,5,6,

我目前正在学习我的第一门Python课程,并得到了以下练习:

# THREE GOLD STARS

# Sudoku [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudoku]
# is a logic puzzle where a game
# is defined by a partially filled
# 9 x 9 square of digits where each square
# contains one of the digits 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9.
# For this question we will generalize
# and simplify the game.

# Define a procedure, check_sudoku,
# that takes as input a square list
# of lists representing an n x n
# sudoku puzzle solution and returns the boolean
# True if the input is a valid
# sudoku square and returns the boolean False
# otherwise.

# A valid sudoku square satisfies these
# two properties:

#   1. Each column of the square contains
#       each of the whole numbers from 1 to n exactly once.

#   2. Each row of the square contains each
#       of the whole numbers from 1 to n exactly once.

# You may assume the the input is square and contains at
# least one row and column.

correct = [[1,2,3],
           [2,3,1],
           [3,1,2]]

incorrect = [[1,2,3,4],
             [2,3,1,3],
             [3,1,2,3],
             [4,4,4,4]]

incorrect2 = [[1,2,3,4],
             [2,3,1,4],
             [4,1,2,3],
             [3,4,1,2]]

incorrect3 = [[1,2,3,4,5],
              [2,3,1,5,6],
              [4,5,2,1,3],
              [3,4,5,2,1],
              [5,6,4,3,2]]

incorrect4 = [['a','b','c'],
              ['b','c','a'],
              ['c','a','b']]

incorrect5 = [ [1, 1.5],
               [1.5, 1]]

def check_sudoku():


#print check_sudoku(incorrect)
#>>> False

#print check_sudoku(correct)
#>>> True

#print check_sudoku(incorrect2)
#>>> False

#print check_sudoku(incorrect3)
#>>> False

#print check_sudoku(incorrect4)
#>>> False

#print check_sudoku(incorrect5)
#>>> False
我的想法是通过以下方式解决这个问题:

  • 首先,我需要将所有列附加到列表中
  • 然后我可以创建一个索引,从开始,检查数独中的每个元素是否嵌套在循环中,如果soduko.count(index)!=1-->返回false
  • 然而,一个数独是由一个字符串中的字母组成的。我不知道该怎么办。我可以使用ord()将列表中的每个元素转换为ASCII,并从ASCII代码开始索引,以防a=97。但这会给数字带来一个错误。所以在此之前,我必须检查列表是数字还是字符串。我该怎么做

    谢谢

    您可以使用

    type('a') is str
    


    据我所知,如果输入包含一个不是整数的元素,你可以确定它不是一个有效的数独方块。因此,您不需要进行类型检查:

    def isValidSudokuSquare(inp):
      try:
        # .. validation that assumes elements are integers
      except TypeError:
        return False
    

    (旁白/提示:如果您使用Python,您可以在大约两行非常可读的代码中实现此验证的其余部分。)

    如果项是字符串,您可以使用
    isdigit()
    isalpha()
    方法。您必须验证它们是否为字符串,否则将出现异常:

    if all([isinstance(x, int) for x in my_list]):
        # All items are ints
    elif all([isinstance(x, str) for x in my_list]):
        if all([x.isdigit() for x in my_list]):
            # all items are numerical strings
        elif all([x.isalpha() for x in my_list]):
            # all items are letters' strings (or characters, no digits)
        else:
            raise TypeError("type mismatch in item list")
    else:
        raise TypeError("items must be of type int or str")
    

    但正确答案和错误答案的例子清楚地证明了这些元素是数字的,我不明白你的意思。incorrect4是由字符串组成的,所以我不能使用索引来遍历列表。好的,但是如果平方包含任何非整数的值,它是无效的,对吗?那么,异常处理?啊,是的,你是对的。不过,出于实践的考虑,最好包括值不是整数的情况。我还没有做任何异常处理。我来自C语言,所以我认为检查一个元素是否是字符串会很简单,如果是的话,把它转换成ASCII。在
    type('a')is str
    isinstance('a',str)
    之间有很大的区别。。。如果你打算将两者都作为一种解决方案,那么最好解释一下……谁能告诉我为什么这根本不改变str值:def check_数独(sudoku):对于数独中的e:对于e中的e:If type(e)==str:e=ord(e)返回sudoku@user2252633-不要重复使用变量:
    用于数独中的item:if…
    @MattDMo这是真的,但我不知道它与我的答案有什么关系。这里的问题是关于转换类型。负整数是int,所以解决这个问题超出了范围
    if all([isinstance(x, int) for x in my_list]):
        # All items are ints
    elif all([isinstance(x, str) for x in my_list]):
        if all([x.isdigit() for x in my_list]):
            # all items are numerical strings
        elif all([x.isalpha() for x in my_list]):
            # all items are letters' strings (or characters, no digits)
        else:
            raise TypeError("type mismatch in item list")
    else:
        raise TypeError("items must be of type int or str")
    
    def check_sudoku( grid ):
        '''
        list of lists -> boolean
    
        Return True for a valid sudoku square and False otherwise.
        '''
    
        for row in grid:        
            for elem in row:
                if type(elem) is not int:
                    return False # as we are only interested in wholes 
                # continue with your solution