Python 为回溯测试和机器学习指定测试行
我想用机器学习来预测资产的价格变动。到目前为止,我得到了数据和结果。现在我想对模型进行反向测试。前提非常简单:只要在预测值为1时买入并持有即可。我想应用预测模型,从下到上迭代测试行,检查预测输出是否匹配相应的标签(这里的标签是-1,1),然后进行一些计算 代码如下:Python 为回溯测试和机器学习指定测试行,python,Python,我想用机器学习来预测资产的价格变动。到目前为止,我得到了数据和结果。现在我想对模型进行反向测试。前提非常简单:只要在预测值为1时买入并持有即可。我想应用预测模型,从下到上迭代测试行,检查预测输出是否匹配相应的标签(这里的标签是-1,1),然后进行一些计算 代码如下: def backtest(): x = df[['open', 'high', 'low', 'close', 'vol']] y = df['label'] z = np.array(df['log_ret
def backtest():
x = df[['open', 'high', 'low', 'close', 'vol']]
y = df['label']
z = np.array(df['log_ret'].values)
test_size = 366
rf = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators = 100)
rf.fit(x[:-test_size],y[:-test_size])
invest_amount = 1000
trade_qty = 0
correct_count = 0
for i in range(1, test_size):
if rf.predict(x[-i])[0] == y[-i]:
correct_count += 1
if rf.predict(x[-i])[0] == 1:
invest_return = invest_amount + (invest_amount * (z[-i]/100))
trade_qty += 1
print('accuracy:', (correct_count/test_size)*100)
print('total trades:', trade_qty)
print('profits:', invest_return)
backtest()
到目前为止,我一直坚持这一点:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
KeyError Traceback (most recent call last)
~\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\indexes\base.py in get_loc(self, key, method, tolerance)
2645 try:
-> 2646 return self._engine.get_loc(key)
2647 except KeyError:
pandas\_libs\index.pyx in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc()
pandas\_libs\index.pyx in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc()
pandas\_libs\hashtable_class_helper.pxi in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item()
pandas\_libs\hashtable_class_helper.pxi in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item()
KeyError: -1
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
KeyError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-29-feab89792f26> in <module>
22
23 for i in range(1, test_size):
---> 24 if rf.predict(x[-i])[0] == y[-i]:
25 correct_count += 1
26
~\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\frame.py in __getitem__(self, key)
2798 if self.columns.nlevels > 1:
2799 return self._getitem_multilevel(key)
-> 2800 indexer = self.columns.get_loc(key)
2801 if is_integer(indexer):
2802 indexer = [indexer]
~\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\indexes\base.py in get_loc(self, key, method, tolerance)
2646 return self._engine.get_loc(key)
2647 except KeyError:
-> 2648 return self._engine.get_loc(self._maybe_cast_indexer(key))
2649 indexer = self.get_indexer([key], method=method, tolerance=tolerance)
2650 if indexer.ndim > 1 or indexer.size > 1:
pandas\_libs\index.pyx in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc()
pandas\_libs\index.pyx in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc()
pandas\_libs\hashtable_class_helper.pxi in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item()
pandas\_libs\hashtable_class_helper.pxi in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item()
KeyError: -1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
KeyError回溯(最近一次呼叫最后一次)
get\u loc中的~\anaconda3\lib\site packages\pandas\core\index\base.py(self、key、method、tolerance)
2645请尝试:
->2646返回自引擎。获取位置(钥匙)
2647键错误除外:
熊猫\\u libs\index.pyx在熊猫中。\ u libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc()
熊猫\\u libs\index.pyx在熊猫中。\ u libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc()
pandas\\u libs\hashtable\u class\u helper.pxi在pandas.\u libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get\u item()中
pandas\\u libs\hashtable\u class\u helper.pxi在pandas.\u libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get\u item()中
键错误:-1
在处理上述异常期间,发生了另一个异常:
KeyError回溯(最近一次呼叫最后一次)
在里面
22
23适用于范围内的i(1,测试尺寸):
--->24如果rf.predict(x[-i])[0]==y[-i]:
25正确计数+=1
26
~\anaconda3\lib\site packages\pandas\core\frame.py in\uuuu\getitem\uuuuuuu(self,key)
2798如果self.columns.nlevels>1:
2799返回自我。\u获取项目\u多级(键)
->2800索引器=self.columns.get_loc(键)
2801如果是_整数(索引器):
2802索引器=[索引器]
get\u loc中的~\anaconda3\lib\site packages\pandas\core\index\base.py(self、key、method、tolerance)
2646返回自引擎。获取位置(钥匙)
2647键错误除外:
->2648返回self.\u引擎。获取self.\u loc(self.\u可能\u cast\u索引器(键))
2649 indexer=self.get\u indexer([key],method=method,tolerance=tolerance)
2650如果indexer.ndim>1或indexer.size>1:
熊猫\\u libs\index.pyx在熊猫中。\ u libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc()
熊猫\\u libs\index.pyx在熊猫中。\ u libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc()
pandas\\u libs\hashtable\u class\u helper.pxi在pandas.\u libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get\u item()中
pandas\\u libs\hashtable\u class\u helper.pxi在pandas.\u libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get\u item()中
键错误:-1
下面的代码通过一些修改解决了问题:
def backtest():
x = df[['open', 'high', 'low', 'close', 'vol']]
y = df['label']
z = np.array(df['log_ret'].values)
test_size = 366
rf = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators = 100)
rf.fit(x[:-test_size],y[:-test_size])
invest_amount = 1000
trade_qty = 0
correct_count = 0
for i in range(1, test_size)[::-1]:
if rf.predict(x[x.index == i])[0] == y[i]:
correct_count += 1
if rf.predict(x[x.index == i])[0] == 1:
invest_return = invest_amount + (invest_amount * (z[i]/100))
trade_qty += 1
print('accuracy:', (correct_count/test_size)*100)
print('total trades:', trade_qty)
print('profits:', invest_return)
backtest()
解释修改:
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
data = {'open': np.random.rand(1000),
'high': np.random.rand(1000),
'low': np.random.rand(1000),
'close': np.random.rand(1000),
'vol': np.random.rand(1000),
'log_ret': np.random.rand(1000),
'label': np.random.choice([-1,1], 1000)}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
x[x.index]访问数据帧行==
i]
李>
范围(1,测试大小)[::-1]
李>
生成测试用例:
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
data = {'open': np.random.rand(1000),
'high': np.random.rand(1000),
'low': np.random.rand(1000),
'close': np.random.rand(1000),
'vol': np.random.rand(1000),
'log_ret': np.random.rand(1000),
'label': np.random.choice([-1,1], 1000)}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
这将产生以下结果:
>> backtest()
accuracy: 99.72677595628416
total trades: 181
profits: 1006.8351193358026
问题中的代码是否正确识别?如果没有,你能纠正一下吗?好的,我只是做了一些编辑。我想现在可以了吧?请让我知道。我对格式不是很熟悉,它似乎仍然不正确,但我认为我能够得到它。