Regex 排除正则表达式匹配中的字符串，用于sed处理

我需要将此匹配为替换命令：

whatever__MATCH_THIS__whateverwhatever__AND_THIS__whateverwhatever

我正在尝试：

sed -e 's/__\(.*\)__/\{{\1}}/g' myfile

但这是急切地匹配

\u匹配\u这个\u什么东西\u和\u这个\u

，产生：

whatever{{MATCH_THIS__whateverwhatever__AND_THIS}}whateverwhatever

但我想：

whatever{{MATCH_THIS}}whateverwhatever{{AND_THIS}}whateverwhatever

---

如何在匹配部分中指定要排除的字符串？我知道如何排除一个字符（例如

[^a]

），但不知道如何排除字符串。

sed

不支持PCRE操作，例如非贪婪运算符

我可以通过以下变化绕过您的情况：

echo 'whatever__MATCH_THIS__whateverwhatever__AND_THIS__whateverwhatever' |
sed -e 's/__\([^_]\+_[^_]\+\)__/\{{\1}}/g'
whatever{{MATCH_THIS}}whateverwhatever{{AND_THIS}}whateverwhatever

---

您需要的是一个非贪婪的正则表达式，但不幸的是sed不允许这样做。但是，它可以在perl中完成

perl -pe 's|__(.*?)__|{{$1}}|g' <myfile

---

这是Perl，有无数种方法可以实现

使用

sed的一种方法

，尽管很明显，这不是完成这项工作的最佳工具。我对代码进行了注释，以查看发生了什么，因为它似乎有点混乱：

sed -n '
    ## Insert a newline just before each "__". This is the most
    ## important instruction of all the script. The game is that
    ## newline character is the only want that sed cannot find in
    ## a line of data, so use it to know where there will be "__"
    ## to change. For each part changed the script will save it
    ## in hold space, but due to constraints of those (only two
    ## spaces) I will have to play deleting and recovering data
    ## several times between both.
    s/__/\n&/g

    ## Save in hold space all data until first newline.
    ## So it means, just before the first "__" of the line.
    h ; s/\n.*$// ; x

    ## Remove that part just saved in hold space.
    s/^[^\n]*\n//

    ## Set a label to jump it later.
    :a

    ## This is end condition. When not found any newline
    ## in the pattern space means that there are no more "__" to 
    ## process, so get all data saved in hold space, print
    ## it and leave hold space empty ready for next line of 
    ## the input file.
    /^[^\n]\+$/ {
        g
        p
        x
        s/^.*$//
        x
        b
    }

    ## This part of code will process next two input lines.
    ## First one has the first pair of "__" and second one has
    ## the end pair, so substitute to each respective curly
    ## braces.
    s/__/{{/

    ## Once the substitution has been done, save it adding to
    ## hold space.
    ## I add all the line but only want to keep until first newline.
    ## I delete two of them because "H" command adds it one by itself.
    H ; x ; s/\n// ; s/\n.*$// ; x

    ## Delete part just processed and saved in hold space.
    s/^[^\n]*\n//

    ## Repeat same process for end pair of "__"
    s/__/}}/
    H ; x ; s/\n// ; s/\n.*$// ; x
    s/^[^\n]*\n//

    ## Goto label "a"
    ba 
' infile

从命令行粘贴并运行它，如果它产生以下结果，请使用两行代码：

whatever{{MATCH_THIS}}whateverwhatever{{AND_THIS}}whateverwhatever
exten => s,n,ExecIf($[${amacode} == 1]?Set(rateparams_view={{INCOMING_RATEPARAMS_VIEW}}):Set(rateparams_view={{OUTGOING_RATEPARAMS_VIEW}}))

---

这适用于我的windows XP笔记本电脑

input command
echo whatever__MATCH_THIS__whateverwhatever__AND_THIS__whateverwhatever|sed -f a.sed
output
whatever{{__MATCH_THIS__}}whateverwhatever{{__AND_THIS__}}whateverwhatever
where a.sed is this

    /__MATCH_THIS__/{
    /__AND_THIS__/{
    s/__MATCH_THIS__/\{\{__MATCH_THIS__\}\}/
    s/__AND_THIS__/\{\{__AND_THIS__\}\}/
    }
    }

逗号分隔符 输入：

whatever__MATCH_THIS__whateverwhatever__AND_THIS__whateverwhatever
blah__XXX_XX__blah_blah_blah__XX_XXX__whateverwhatever

输出：

whatever{{MATCH_THIS}}whateverwhatever{{AND_THIS}}whateverwhatever
blah{{XXX_XX}}blah_blah_blah{{XX_XXX}}whateverwhatever

这可能适用于您（GNU-sed）：

或者，也许更容易理解：

sed -r 's/__/\n/g;s/\n([^\n]*)\n/{{\1}}/g;s/\n/__/g' file

---

它看起来很有希望，但看看这个输入数据：

extn=>s，n，ExecIf（$[${amacode}==1]？Set（rateparams\u view=\uuuuuu INCOMING\urateparams\u view）：Set（rateparams\u view=\uu outing\urateparams\u view））

@gonvaled，啊，你刚刚把我的门柱移到那里：-）。我不确定它是否在

sed

处理您的问题的能力范围内。是否所有sed脚本都与perl兼容？也就是说，如果我有一个正在工作的sed脚本，我可以将它提供给

perl-pe

，并希望它能正常工作吗？我问这个问题的原因是，我通常使用sed进行重构，知道sed的局限性后，我会转向perl，但我不想在将来有什么惊喜。可能不会直接问。有一个名为s2p的脚本，据说它可以在两者之间转换，但我从来没有让它做过任何事情，只是产生错误！奇怪的是，我使用sed进行了很多perl重构！谢谢顺便问一下，如何使用perl将脚本保存在文件中？告诉perl的标志是什么：正则表达式在文件

my.regex

中？

whatever__MATCH_THIS__whateverwhatever__AND_THIS__whateverwhatever
blah__XXX_XX__blah_blah_blah__XX_XXX__whateverwhatever

whatever{{MATCH_THIS}}whateverwhatever{{AND_THIS}}whateverwhatever
blah{{XXX_XX}}blah_blah_blah{{XX_XXX}}whateverwhatever

sed -r 's/__([^_]+(_[^_]+)*)__/{{\1}}/g' file

sed -r 's/__/\n/g;s/\n([^\n]*)\n/{{\1}}/g;s/\n/__/g' file