Ruby on rails 4 如何解决安装电子邮件后的gem依赖冲突

我刚刚根据中的说明安装了用于rspec的电子邮件规范。现在，当我尝试运行测试时（即使在我的规范中没有使用电子邮件规范的方法），我会遇到以下错误：

$ rspec spec
Neither Pony nor ActionMailer appear to be loaded so email-spec is requiring ActionMailer.
WARN: Unresolved specs during Gem::Specification.reset:
      launchy (~> 2.1)
      builder (~> 3.1)
WARN: Clearing out unresolved specs.
Please report a bug if this causes problems.
/Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.7.4/lib/bundler/runtime.rb:34:in `block in setup': You have already activated minitest 5.4.0, but your Gemfile requires minitest 4.7.5. Prepending `bundle exec` to your command may solve this. (Gem::LoadError)
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.7.4/lib/bundler/runtime.rb:19:in `setup'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.7.4/lib/bundler.rb:121:in `setup'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.7.4/lib/bundler/setup.rb:7:in `<top (required)>'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.0.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:128:in `require'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.0.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:128:in `rescue in require'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.0.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:39:in `require'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:247:in `block in require'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:232:in `load_dependency'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:247:in `require'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/workspace/blocitoff/config/boot.rb:4:in `<top (required)>'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.0.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:121:in `require'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.0.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:121:in `require'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:247:in `block in require'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:232:in `load_dependency'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:247:in `require'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/workspace/blocitoff/config/application.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.0.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:121:in `require'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.0.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:121:in `require'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:247:in `block in require'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:232:in `load_dependency'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:247:in `require'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/workspace/blocitoff/config/environment.rb:2:in `<top (required)>'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.0.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:121:in `require'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.0.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:121:in `require'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:247:in `block in require'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:232:in `load_dependency'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:247:in `require'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/workspace/blocitoff/spec/rails_helper.rb:4:in `<top (required)>'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.0.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:121:in `require'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.0.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:121:in `require'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:247:in `block in require'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:232:in `load_dependency'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:247:in `require'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/workspace/blocitoff/spec/features/mark_todo_complete_spec.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:241:in `load'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:241:in `block in load'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:232:in `load_dependency'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:241:in `load'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.1.7/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1105:in `block in load_spec_files'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.1.7/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1105:in `each'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.1.7/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1105:in `load_spec_files'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.1.7/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:96:in `setup'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.1.7/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:84:in `run'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.1.7/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:69:in `run'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.1.7/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:37:in `invoke'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.1.7/exe/rspec:4:in `<top (required)>'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/bin/rspec:23:in `load'
    from /Users/jpalmieri/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p353/bin/rspec:23:in `<main>'

我试图通过将

gem'minitest'、“~>4.7.5”

添加到我的

:test

组来解决冲突，但仍然得到相同的错误

group :test do
  gem 'factory_girl_rails', '~> 4.0'
  gem 'database_cleaner'
  gem 'email_spec'
  gem 'minitest', '~> 4.7.5'
end

我的问题是：

1） 我以前从来没有准备过bundle exec。我是否应该尝试解决冲突，而不是预加

bundle exec

---

2） 如果问题1回答“是”，我将如何进行此操作？

这是因为Gem在其依赖项中指定了较旧版本的MiniTest，并且您的系统上安装了较新版本

使用

bundle exec

是正确的方法。请参阅下文：

运行可执行文件时，始终使用bundle exec[command]。引用bundler文档：在某些情况下，如果可执行文件恰好安装在您的系统中，并且没有引入任何与您的bundle冲突的gem，那么在没有bundle exec的情况下运行可执行文件可能会起作用。然而，这是不可靠的，并且是相当痛苦的根源

---

关于

的问题，小马和ActionMailer似乎都没有加载，因此电子邮件规范要求ActionMailer

通知已在此处回答：

group :test do
  gem 'factory_girl_rails', '~> 4.0'
  gem 'database_cleaner'
  gem 'email_spec'
  gem 'minitest', '~> 4.7.5'
end